Composite
Dr: Hamed Alsaghier
INTRODUCTION
Composite resins are a restorative
materials that have their own indication in
anterior and posterior teeth
Definition
A composite : is a material made from two or more
constituent materials with different physical &
chemical properties that, when combined, produce a
material with characteristics different from the
individual components.
• The individual components remain separate and
distinct within the finished structure
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
• In 1956, Dr. R.L. Bowen developed a polymer based
on dimethacrylate chemistry
• During the first half of the 20th century, silicates
were the only tooth coloured esthetic material
available for cavity restoration
COMPOSITION
Resin matrix
Fillers
Coupling agent
Initiators or accelerators
Optical Modifiers/Pigments
Filler
• Silica particles
• Quartz
• Glass ( Ba, Sr, Zr)
If the composite is made up of just the resin matrix, it
is called Unfilled Resin
Size
• Determines the surface smoothness.
• Larger particles = rougher surface
`
As the filler content increases, the resin content
decreases. Therefore, polymerization shrinkage
decreases
Coupling Agent
• The coupling agent couples, or transfers, stress
from the relatively weak matrix to the relatively
strong filler
Silane coupling agents are molecules that react with
the polymer matrix at one end and with the ceramic
filler at the other end.
Optical Modifiers/Pigments
INDICATIONS of composite
• Class I, II, III, IV, V, VI • crowns/bridges
• core buildups • Temporary restorations
• Sealants and preventive resin • Periodontal splinting
• restorations • Non carious lesions
• Esthetic procedures • Enamel hypoplasia
• Cements • Composite inlays
• Veneering metal restoration • Repair of old composite
• Patients allergic to metals
CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Isolation
• Occlusion
• Subgingival area/root surface
• Poor oral hygiene
• High caries index
• Habits (bruxism)
• Operator abilities
Advantage
• esthetics
• Conservation
• Less complex
• Used almost universally
• Strengthening
• Bonded to tooth structure
• Repairable
• No corrosion
• No health hazard
• Cheaper than porcelain
DISADVANTAGES
• Polymerization shrinkage
• Technique sensitive
• Higher coeff. Of thermal expansion
• Difficult, time consuming
• Increased occlusal wear
• Low modulus of elasticity
• Lack of anticariogenic property ( fluoride release)
• Staining
• Costly
MODE OF PRESENTATION
(according to filler type)
1. Macro filled
2. Micro filled
3. Hybrid filled
4. Special indications
Macro filled Micro filled Hybrid filled
Macro filled Composites
• The first type (1960s) Macrofilled composite.
• The filler type Quartz
• Particle sizes of 10 to 25 μm.
• Filler content is 70% to 80% by weight
• The large size of the filler particles results in a
restoration that feels rough to the dental explorer
(Roughness)
• Plaque accumulation and staining is greater with this
type
• Macrofills have little clinical importance at this time
except that some Orthodontists still use them
Micro filled Composites
late 1970s Microfilled
• Particle size (0.03–0.5 μm).
• Microfill composites polish very smooth the surface
appearance is very similar to enamel.
• The filler type is fused silica.
• Low percentage filler (40–50%).
• The surface area of the very small filler particles requires
much more resin to wet the surface of the filler particles.
This high resin content results in an increased coefficient of
thermal expansion and lower strength.
Hybrid Composites
• Hybrid composites are very popular; their strength
and abrasion resistance are acceptable for small to
medium Class I and II restorations. Their surface
finish is nearly as good as that of microfills; thus,
they are also used for Class III and IV restorations.
MODE OF PRESENTATION
(according to curing)
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
LIGHT ACTIVATION
DUAL CURING
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
cold curing or self curing
Disadvantages
Oxygen inhibition
No control over Working time
LIGHT ACTIVATION
type of composite that cured only by light
• UV light
• Visible light
• Laser light
Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to use, single paste • Increments
• Less porosity • Time consuming
• Less sensitive to oxygen • Poor accessibility
• Command polymerization • Sensitive to ambient light
• Colour stability • Cost
• Controled Setting time
DUAL CURING
• Combines chemical and light curing
• Use-cementation of bulky ceramic inlays
C-FACTOR
The number of bonded surfaces to the number of unbonded
surfaces in a dental restoration
With an increasing C factor the developing polymerization
shrinkage of bonded composites increases too
REDUCTION OF RESIDUAL STRESS
• Reduction in contraction by alteration of chemistry Low
shrink monomers
• Clinical techniques
• Curing rate control
• Incremental build-up ( no more than 2 mm )
• Soft start curing or slow curing
• Resin based composite systems
• Dentin-enamel adhesive systems
• Using material which flows
• Using high filled composite when possible
FLOWABLE COMPOSITES
Created for special handling properties – Fluid injectibility
Steps in composite restoration
1) Local anaesthesia
2) Preparation of the operating site.
3) Shade selection
4) Isolation of the operating site.
5) Tooth preparation
6) preliminary steps of enamel and dentin bonding system:
the prepared tooth structure is acid-etched and primed (if
preparation extends into dentin), then a fluid resin
adhesive material is bonded to the etched and primed
tooth structure,
Steps in composite restoration
7) Matrix placement.
8) Inserting the composite.
9) Shaping the anatomy
10) Curing the composite
11) Contouring the composite.
12) polishing the composite.
Thank you
