Preliminary Specification

Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750

The Allegro Current Sensor provides an economical and precise

solution for current sensing in automotive and industrial systems,
packaged for easy implementation. Typical applications include
motor control, load management, switched mode power supplies and
over-current fault protection.

The sensor consists of a precision linear Hall IC optimized to an

internal magnetic circuit to increase device sensitivity. A combination
of a precisely controlled self-aligning assembly process (patents
pending) and the factory programmed precision of the linear Hall
sensor result in high level performance and product uniformity.

The power lead frame used for current sensing (pins 4 and 5) is
designed for extremely low power loss. The power leads are also
electrically isolated from the sensor leads (pins 1 – 3). This isolation
allows the Allegro Current Sensor to be used in applications
requiring electrical isolation without the use of opto-isolators or other
isolating feedback techniques.

An electrical current flowing from pins 4 to 5 will generate an analog

voltage >Vcc/2 on the output.
Pin 1: Vcc
Pin 2: Gnd Features and Benefits
Pin 3: Output
• Monolithic Hall IC for High Reliability
Pin 4: Ip-+
• ACS750LCA-075: +/- 75A up to 150°C
Pin 5: Ip-
• ACS750ECA-100: +/- 100A up to 85°C
• Ultra-low Power Loss: Resistance = 120uΩ
• No Trimming Required in the Application
• Factory Trimmed for Gain and Offset
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS • Linearity > 98.5%
• Very Low Thermal Drift of Offset Voltage
Over-Current ………………………. . 225 A
1
• 13kHz Bandwidth
Supply Voltage, Vcc..........……….….. 16V • Single supply +5V Operation
Output Voltage .................……......... 16V • Ratiometric Output from Supply Voltage
Output Current Source....……..………3mA • On-chip transient protection
Output Current Sink ………..……… 10mA
Operating Temperature .…...-40°C to 150°C Applications
Storage Temperature................…......170°C • Automotive Systems
Maximum junction temperature...…....165°C • Industrial Systems
• Motor Control
• Servo Systems
• Power Conversion
• Battery Monitor

1
1 sec pulse, 10% duty cycle 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 1
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Operating Characteristics
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Limits
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Min. Typ. Max. Units
-40°C to 150°C -75 75
Primary Sensed Current IP A
-40°C to 85°C -100 100
Supply Voltage Vcc 4.5 5.0 5.5 V
Supply Current Icc Vcc =5.0V, Output open 7 10 mA
Output Resistance Rout Iout = 1.2 mA 1 2 Ω
Isolation Voltage2 VISO Between pins 1-3 and 4-5 2.5 kV
Propagation time tpropagation IP = ±50A; T = +25°C 4 µs
Response time trespone IP = ±50A; T = +25°C 27 µs
Rise time trise time IP = ±50A; T = +25°C 26 µs
Frequency Bandwidth f -3dB 13 kHz
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Over -40°C to 150°C temperature range unless otherwise specified)
IP = ±75A; T = +25°C 18.75 19.75 20.75
Sensitivity Sens mV/A
IP = ±100A;T = +25°C 18.5 19.5 20.5
Peak to peak; T = +25°C
Noise3 10 mV
BW = 40kHz
IP = ±75A, T = -40°C to 150°C 1.3 3.5 %
Non-linearity IP = ±100A, T = -40°C to 85°C 2.4 5 %
IP = ±75A, T = -40°C to 150°C 94 100 106 %
Symmetry Sym
IP = ±100A, T = -40°C to 85°C 94 100 106 %
4
Quiescent Output Voltage VOQ IP = 0 A; T = +25°C -20 Vcc/2 +20 mV
Thermal Drift of VOQ5 ∆VOQ(T) IP = 0 A -0.5 -0.12 +0.3 mV/°C
IP = ±75A; T = -40°C to 150°C -8 0 +7
Thermal Drift of Sens ∆Sens(T) %
IP = ±100A; T = -40°C to 85°C -9 0 +6
After excursion to +/-100A
Magnetic Core Hysteresis6 VOH +/-0.3 +/-0.4 A
T = +25°C
T = +25°C +/-0.4 +/-1.8 A
0 Amp Accuracy
0A T = -40°C to 85°C +/-0.75 +/-2.7 A
Including offset
T = -40°C to 150°C +/-1.1 +/-3.2 A
IP = ±75A; T = +25°C +/-1.0 +/-2.5 %
Full IP = ±100A; T = +25°C +/-2.0 +/-4.0 %
Total Accuracy 7 Scale IP = ±75A; T = -40°C to 150°C +/-2.4 +/-8.2 %
IP = ±100A; T = -40°C to 85°C +/-4.9 +/-12.6 %

2
R.M.S. voltage for AC isolation test, 60 Hz, 5 min. duration.
3
Refer to figure 5 for schematic of test circuit
4
Omitting magnetic hysteresis offset
5
Qvo & Sensitivity gain drift referenced to 25°C
6
Refer to figure 6 for hysteresis temperature characterization
7
Please contact Allegro sales representative for competitive comparison

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 2
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Definitions of accuracy characteristics

Sensitivity: The sensitivity is the change in sensor output to 1A change through the primary conductor. The sensitivity
is the product of the magnetic circuit sensitivity (G/A) and the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G). The linear IC amplifier
gain is trimmed to optimize the sensitivity (mV/A) for the full-scale current of the device. Variation in the sensitivity is
affected by the resolution of the Allegro linear IC sensitivity trim (~10uV/step) and thermal drift (expressed in %/C).

Noise: The noise is the product of the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G) and the noise floor for the Allegro linear IC
(~1Gauss). The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise
(mV) by the sensitivity (mV/A) provides the smallest current that the device is able to resolve.

Linearity: The linearity is the degree to which the voltage output from the sensor varies in direct proportion to the
primary current through its full-scale amplitude. Linearity reveals the maximum deviation from the ideal transfer curve for
this transducer. Non-linearity in the output can be attributed to the gain variation across temperature and saturation of
the flux concentrator approaching the full scale current. The following equation is used to derive the linearity:
[1-[(Vout_full-scale Amps –Vout_0A)/(2*(Vout_1/2 full-scale Amps –Vout_0A))]]*100

Symmetry: Symmetry is the degree to which the absolute voltage output from the sensor varies in proportion to either
a positive or negative full-scale primary current. The following equation is used to derive symmetry:
[(Vout_full-scale Amps –Vout_0A)/(Vout_0A – Vout_-full-scale Amps)]*100

Quiescent output voltage: The quiescent output voltage (VOQ ) is the output of the sensor when the primary current is
zero. For a unipolar supply voltage, VOQ nominally sits at Vcc/2. Vcc = 5V translates into VOQ = 2.5V. Variation in VOQ
can be attributed to the resolution of the Allegro linear IC quiescent voltage trim (~2.5mV), magnetic hysteresis, and
thermal drift (expressed in %/C).

Magnetic hysteresis (offset): The magnetic offset is due to the residual magnetism (remanent field) that induces an
offset in gauss. The magnetic offset error is highest when the magnetic circuit has been saturated, usually when the
device has been subjected to a full scale or high current overload conditions. The magnetic offset is largely dependent
on the material used as a flux concentrator. For most materials, the largest magnetic offset is observed at the lowest
operating temperature.

Accuracy: The accuracy represents the maximum deviation of the actual output from its ideal value. This is also
known as the total error. The accuracy is illustrated graphically in Figure #1. The accuracy is divided into four areas of
particular interest defined below:
• 0 A @ 25°C: Accuracy of sensing zero current flow at 25°C, without the effects of temperature.
• 0 A over temperature: Accuracy of sensing zero current flow including temperature effects.
• Full-scale current @ 25°C: Accuracy of sensing the full-scale current at 25°C, without the effects of temperature.
• Full-scale current over temperature: Accuracy of sensing full-scale current flow including temperature effects.

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 3
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Figure 1: Output Voltage vs. Current, illustrating sensor accuracy at 0A and full-scale current
Accuracy
Full Scale
25°C Only
Vout (Volts)

Accuracy
Average
Full Scale
Output
Over Temp

Accuracy
0Amp
25°C Only

I (Amps)
Accuracy +/-75A Full Scale
0Amp
Over Temp

Accuracy
Full Scale
25°C Only

Accuracy
Full Scale
Over Temp

Figure 2: Block diagram of ACS750LCA-075 and linear Hall Effect IC functionality

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 4
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Figure 3: Primary current versus typical output voltage across temperature

Iprimary vs Vout, ACS750LCA-075

4.5

3.5

2.5
25C
2 85C
150C
1.5

0.5
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Amps

Figure 4: Primary current versus typical sensitivity across temperature

Iprimary vs Sensitivity, ACS750LCA-075

22

20

18
mV/A

16
25C
85C
14 150C

12

10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Amps

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 5
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Figure 5a – Test circuit used to determine peak to peak & RMS noise in linear IC output
43 Ohms
4” Coax Lead
+
6V 5.1V 22uF .47nF
Battery Zener DUT
-

Oscilloscope 24”Coax Lead

Figure 5b. Noise Analysis of Linear Hall Effect IC within ACS750LCA-075 Package
Peak to Peak Noise Frequency Spectrum of Noise

Figure 5c: Peak to Peak Noise, Applying Low Pass Filter to the ACS750LCA-075 Output

Low Pass Filter Break Peak to Peak Noise

Frequency
1.4MHz 34mV
400kHz 26mV
160kHz 19mV
80kHz 14mV
40kHz 10mV

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 6
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA

Figure 6: Peak to Peak Hysteresis Across Temperature (after excursion to +/-150A)

Temperature versus Typical Peak to Peak Hysteresis

20
18
mV Pk-Pk Hysteresis

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-40 0 40 80 120 160
Temp (C)

Figure 7: Peak Hysteresis versus Iprimary, 25C

Typical Peak hysteresis versus Iprimary

0.35
Pk hysteresis (Amps)

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15
50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Amps

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 7
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Figure 8: Rejection of Transient Voltage Signal on Iprimary, Typical Attenuation ~55dB

Figure 9: Step response of ACS750LCA-075, Iprimary = 50A

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 8
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Definitions of dynamic response characteristics

Propagation delay: Propagation delay is the time that it takes for the sensor output to reflect a change in the primary
current signal. Propagation delay is typically measured to be 3 to 5usec and is attributed to inductive loading within the
linear IC package as well as the inductive loop formed by the primacy conductor geometry. Propagation delay can be
considered as a fixed time offset and may be compensated.

Response time: Response time is the time between when the primary current signal reaches 90% of its final value and
when the sensor reaches 90% of its output corresponding to the applied current.

Rise time: Rise time is the time between the sensor output reaching 10 and 90% of its full scale value. The rise time
to a step response is used to derive the bandwidth of the current sensor, in which ƒ(-3dB) = 0.35/tr. Both rise time and
response time are detrimentally affected by eddy current losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane and to
varying degrees, in the ferrous flux concentrator within the current sensor package.

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 9
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA
Package thermal performance
Symbol Test Conditions Limits

Typical Max. Units

Electrical resistance of primary Rprimary IP = ±100A; +25°C 130 TBD µΩ
conductor
Full-scale power dissipation Pprimary IP = ±100A; +25°C 1.5 TBD W
Thermal resistance, θJA T ambient = +25°C 9 TBD °C/W
Junction to Air

Figure 10: Thermal performance of current sensor, continuous current through primary conductor8
Self heating of 75A current sensor
Primary current leads subjected to continuous overcurrent ,
Tambient ~25C

150

125
100A
100 240A
0A
75

50

25

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time (minutes)

Self heating of 75A current sensor

Primary current leads subjected to continuous overcurrent , Tambient ~150C

400

350

300 100A
240A
250
0A
Temp C

200

150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

time (minutes)

8
Over current peak operation is 225A peak, 1 second duration with 10% duty cycle

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 10
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA

PACKAGE DRAWING

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 11
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003
 Preliminary Specification
Allegro Current Sensor: ACS750LCA

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115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 12
Copyright © 1993, 1995 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Last updated January 8, 2003