012 HISTORY
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
Time: 2:30 Hours. Year: 2025
Instructions
1 This paper consists of section A, B and C with total of ten (10) questions
2 Answer all questions in the space provided.
3 Section A carries fifteen (15) marks, section B carries seventy (70) marks and section
C carries fifteen (15) marks.
4 All answer must be written in the spaces provided
5 All writing must be blue or black pen except drawing which must be in pencil.
6 All communication devices, calculators and any unauthorised materials are not
allowed in the assessment room.
7 Write your Assessment’s Number at the top right corner of every page.
NO. QUESTION CHOOSEN MARKS INNITIALS
(Put a tick )
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TOTAL
This paper consists of Nine (09) printed pages.
Page 1 of 9
SECTION A (15 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
1. For each of the items (i) - (x) choose the answer from among the given alternatives and write
its letter beside the item number.
i. This pre-colonial economic activity in Africa depended on the availability of clay soil
and special skills,
A. Handcraft C. Pottery
B. Basketry D. House construction
ii. Mzee Majanjara used his free time to sit under the tree and telling her grandson and
daughter stories about people and events. What kind of historical information was he
using?
A. Historical site C. Story telling
B. Written records D. Oral tradition
iii. Fire was one among the greatest achievements of man during the middle stone age,
what was the greatest charger of man after Neolithic revolution?
A. Farming C. Iron smelting
B. Bronze making D. Bi-Pedalism
iv. The following is not true about the skull of the earliest man found in Olduvai Gorge that
is: -
A. Olvupaias Olduvai Gorge is used interchangeably.
B. Dr. Leakey and his wife Mary Leakey discovered the skull on 1959.
C. It produced the history of the first ancestor found in Tanzania.
D. Olduvai Gorge is an historical site for research works by historians.
v. The Centralized states were the political units under one central authority. Rulers of
such states were kings or chiefs who had greater powers.
A. They were stronger and bigger than the Empires and non-centralized state.
B. They had strong standing armies which primarily were used to invade other states
cattle.
C. Most of them were the vassal states of the Europeans such as the Portuguese.
D. They also had the permanent armies to enforce the rules and to protect the state.
vi. The abolition of slave trade in 19th century was followed by:
A. The Berlin conference of 1884-1885 C. The formation of UNO
B. The development of legitimate trade D. The Great depression of 1923-1929
vii. Which of the following marked the end of Portuguese rule in East Africa?
A. The rise and fall of coastal city states
B. The coming of sultan Seyyid Said to Zanzibar
C. The fall of fort Jesus in Mombasa
D. The coming of Europeans to East Africa
viii. Most of the traders during the early commercial contacts between East Africa and Far
East came from, ______________
A. China and Egypt C. Indonesia and Europe
B. Europe and China D. Indonesia and China
Page 2 of 9
ix. The process by which people act on nature while at the same time they enter into
relationship with one another is called.
A. Means of production C. Productive forces
B. Object of labour D. Relations of Production
x. The Hamarton Treaty was about.
A. Allowing the sultan of Zanzibar to buy slaves from the interior
B. To forbid the sultan of Zanzibar to sell slaves outside his dominion
C. To forbid the sultan of Zanzibar to sell slaves outside farther north than Lamu and
Mogadishu
D. Allowing the sultan to sell slaves to the rich slave traders in Arabia.
2. Match the items in List A with those in List B by writing the correct letter against the
corresponding letter
LIST A LIST B
i. It involved the movement of people on a temporary and A. Shortage of food
permanent basis resulted from various factors.
B. Music and Dance
ii. It involved burial rituals, purification rituals and naming
ceremonies C. Wars
iii. It involved chaos in order to increase land and domestic D. Migration
animals and expansion of kingdoms E. Medicine
iv. It involved people to seek for medical and healing
services from within their societies and beyond F. Religion
v. It involved movement of people to exile as a result of G. Crimes
murder or treason
Answers:
i. ii. iii. iv. v.
SECTION B (70 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
3. Define following historical concepts
i. Anthropology
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ii. Capitalism
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iii. Kaffir wars
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iv. The Great Trek
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v. State organisation
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4. Briefly explain five (5) reasons why abolition of slave trade delayed along the East African
Coast
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Carefully study the picture below and answer the questions below
Page 4 of 9
a) Give the brief explanation of the event on the picture.
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b) In which period of stone age was the event in (a) above discovered?
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c) List down six (6) importance of the event discovered in (a) above.
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5. Write short notes on the following terms:
a) Shifting cultivation
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b) Environment
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c) Technology
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d) Mixed farming
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e) Neolithic age
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6. Differentiate between the following;
i. Slavery and slave trade.
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ii. Homo habilis and Homo Erectus.
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iii. Matrilineal and Patrilineal Societies.
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iv. Historian and History.
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v. Nomadic Pastoralism and Sedentary Pastoralism.
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7. Arrange the following sentences in chronological order by writing their roman numbers in the
table provided.
(i) The trade also was done in local level by selling day to day goods and the regional
involves movement of traders.
(ii) Trade is the human act of buying and selling goods in the market as well as provision of
services.
(iii) Trade conducted at large was exchange of goods by goods since there was no common
currency used as the medium of exchange.
(iv) All of those development of trade raised as the result of increasing of production and
relation of people from the different areas.
(v) African societies started trading duties early before the contact with external Africa.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
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8. Briefly explain the reasons behind the migration of the Africans from the regional of Natal in
South Africa. Five (5) points.
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9. To interact is to spend time with people in a way you have an effect on each other. For
example, you can interact with teacher in the classroom. You listen and take notes as the
teacher teaches you ask question where you do not understand and the teacher answer them.
Long before the coming of colonialist Africans was interacted socially. How far this is true?
Give five points.
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v. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION C (15 Marks)
Answer question ten (10)
10. Before colonialism in Rwanda and Burundi there was Ubugabire system, while in the Coastal
societies along the East Africa there was Umwinyi system. Explain six (6) characteristics of
the mode of production in those societies.
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