📘 Class 10 Question Bank: Social Science

(Development)
Made by Ayush with 💖

Hey there, champ! 🌍 Welcome to the ultimate question bank for the Development chapter in
CBSE Class 10 Social Science! This resource is your one-stop guide to mastering economic
growth, human development, sustainability, and more. Packed with fun, student-friendly questions,
it’s designed to make you exam-ready! 🚀 Let’s dive into the exciting world of development! ✨
Note: This question bank covers only the Development chapter from Class 10 Social Science
(Economics) as requested. For a full subject-wise question bank for Science, Mathematics, and
Social Science, please clarify or request separately.

🌍 SOCIAL SCIENCE: Development

=== Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) ===
100 Questions, 1 Mark Each

Choose the correct option. Questions cover all concepts from the Development chapter, including
economic and human development, sustainability, per capita income, HDI, and literacy rate.
Previous Year Questions (PYQs) are tagged where applicable.
1. What does ‘development’ mean in economics?
a) Increase in population
b) Improvement in quality of life and economic progress
c) Decrease in literacy rate
d) Reduction in income
[CBSE 2023]
2. Which indicator compares average income across countries?
a) Literacy rate
b) Per capita income
c) Life expectancy
d) Infant mortality rate
3. What factors are included in the Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) Income, health, and education
b) Population, income, and employment
c) Health, literacy, and agriculture
d) Education, employment, and infrastructure
4. A country with high per capita income but low literacy rate is considered:
a) Fully developed
b) Underdeveloped
c) Developing
d) Moderately developed
5. What is a key goal of sustainable development?
a) Rapid depletion of resources
b) Meeting present needs without compromising future generations
c) Increasing pollution levels
d) Reducing life expectancy
 6. What is the primary focus of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
a) Providing luxury goods
b) Ensuring food security for the poor
c) Promoting industrial growth
d) Increasing exports
7. Which sector contributes the most to India’s GDP today?
a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Services
d) Mining
[CBSE 2022]
8. What does the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?
a) Number of children born per year
b) Number of deaths of children under one year per 1000 live births
c) Literacy rate of children
d) Employment rate of youth
9. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?
a) World Bank
b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
d) World Health Organization (WHO)
10. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a developed country?
a) High literacy rate
b) High per capita income
c) Low life expectancy
d) Advanced infrastructure
11. What does ‘economic development’ involve?
a) Increase in agricultural output only
b) Overall growth in income, employment, and living standards
c) Reduction in population
d) Growth in literacy rate only
12. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
13. The literacy rate in India is measured for people above the age of:
a) 5 years
b) 7 years
c) 15 years
d) 18 years
14. Which of the following is a non-economic indicator of development?
a) Per capita income
b) Life expectancy
c) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
d) National income
15. What does sustainable development aim to balance?
a) Economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being
b) Population growth and urbanization
c) Industrial growth and agriculture
d) Exports and imports
16. Which of the following best describes ‘per capita income’?
a) Total income of a country
 b) Average income per person in a country
c) Income of the richest 10% of the population
d) Income from exports
17. Which state in India has the highest literacy rate as per recent data?
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Bihar
c) Kerala
d) Rajasthan
[CBSE 2021]
18. What is the main purpose of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) To measure population growth
b) To assess quality of life across countries
c) To calculate export revenue
d) To determine industrial output
19. Which of the following resources is exhaustible?
a) Wind energy
b) Coal
c) Solar energy
d) Hydropower
20. What does the term ‘national income’ refer to?
a) Total income earned by individuals
b) Total value of goods and services produced in a country
c) Income from foreign trade
d) Income of the government
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of underdevelopment?
a) High literacy rate
b) Low life expectancy
c) High per capita income
d) Advanced technology
22. The Public Distribution System (PDS) primarily distributes which items?
a) Electronics
b) Food grains and essentials
c) Luxury goods
d) Industrial products
23. Which of the following is NOT a component of sustainable development?
a) Economic growth
b) Social equity
c) Environmental degradation
d) Resource conservation
24. What is the significance of the Net Attendance Ratio?
a) Measures school enrollment
b) Measures actual attendance in schools
c) Measures teacher attendance
d) Measures dropout rate
25. Which of the following is a social indicator of development?
a) GDP growth rate
b) Literacy rate
c) Export revenue
d) Industrial output
26. What does ‘gross enrollment ratio’ measure?
a) Number of students attending school regularly
b) Number of students enrolled in school relative to the population of that age group
 c) Number of teachers in schools
d) Number of schools in a region
27. Which of the following is a challenge to sustainable development?
a) Conservation of resources
b) Overexploitation of resources
c) Use of renewable energy
d) Reducing pollution
28. Which sector employs the largest number of people in India?
a) Services
b) Industry
c) Agriculture
d) IT sector
29. What is the main goal of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
a) Increase global trade
b) Achieve global peace, prosperity, and sustainability by 2030
c) Reduce global population
d) Promote industrialization only
30. Which of the following is an economic indicator of development?
a) Life expectancy
b) Per capita income
c) Literacy rate
d) Infant mortality rate
31. What does the term ‘human development’ emphasize?
a) Economic growth only
b) Improvement in health, education, and income
c) Industrial expansion
d) Population control
32. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
a) Natural gas
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Petroleum
33. The development of a country is measured by its:
a) Population size
b) Economic and social indicators
c) Number of cities
d) Military strength
34. Which of the following is a goal of the Public Distribution System?
a) Increase food exports
b) Provide subsidized food to the poor
c) Promote luxury goods
d) Reduce agricultural production
35. What is the significance of life expectancy in development?
a) Measures economic growth
b) Indicates health and living conditions
c) Shows industrial output
d) Reflects export levels
36. Which of the following is a feature of sustainable development?
a) Rapid urbanization
b) Conservation of natural resources
c) Increased pollution
d) Overpopulation
37. What does the term ‘disparity’ in development refer to?
a) Equal distribution of resources
b) Unequal distribution of income and opportunities
c) Uniform literacy rates
d) Balanced economic growth
38. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of human development?
a) Education
b) Health
c) Income
d) Population density
39. What is the main purpose of calculating per capita income?
a) To measure population growth
b) To compare living standards across countries
c) To assess literacy rates
d) To calculate export revenue
40. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Hydropower
41. What does the term ‘sustainability’ imply?
a) Short-term economic growth
b) Long-term balance of economic, social, and environmental needs
c) Rapid industrialization
d) Population reduction
42. Which of the following is a social goal of development?
a) Increase in GDP
b) Reduction in poverty
c) Growth in exports
d) Industrial expansion
43. What is the role of education in human development?
a) Increases population
b) Enhances skills and quality of life
c) Reduces income
d) Promotes pollution
44. Which of the following is an environmental goal of sustainable development?
a) Deforestation
b) Conservation of biodiversity
c) Increased pollution
d) Overuse of resources
45. What does the term ‘economic disparity’ mean?
a) Equal income distribution
b) Unequal income and wealth distribution
c) Uniform literacy rates
d) Balanced development
46. Which of the following is a measure of health in development?
a) Per capita income
b) Life expectancy
c) GDP growth
d) Export revenue
47. What is the significance of the literacy rate?
a) Measures economic growth
b) Indicates educational attainment
 c) Shows industrial output
d) Reflects export levels
48. Which of the following is a challenge to development in India?
a) High literacy rate
b) Poverty and inequality
c) Advanced infrastructure
d) High per capita income
49. What does the term ‘inclusive development’ mean?
a) Development that benefits only the rich
b) Development that benefits all sections of society
c) Development focused on industry
d) Development without education
50. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Petroleum
b) Natural gas
c) Hydropower
d) Coal
51. What is the primary focus of human development?
a) Industrial growth
b) Improving quality of life
c) Population control
d) Export promotion
52. Which of the following is an indicator of economic development?
a) Literacy rate
b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
c) Life expectancy
d) Infant mortality rate
53. What does the term ‘poverty line’ refer to?
a) Minimum income required for basic needs
b) Maximum income for taxation
c) Average income of a country
d) Income from exports
54. Which of the following is a goal of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
a) Promote luxury goods
b) Ensure food security
c) Increase industrial output
d) Reduce literacy rates
55. What is the significance of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) Measures industrial output
b) Assesses quality of life
c) Calculates export revenue
d) Determines population size
56. Which of the following is a non-economic goal of development?
a) Increase in GDP
b) Reduction in infant mortality
c) Growth in exports
d) Industrial expansion
57. What does the term ‘renewable resource’ mean?
a) Resource that cannot be replenished
b) Resource that can be replenished naturally
c) Resource used only for industry
d) Resource that is imported
58. Which of the following is a feature of a developing country?
a) High per capita income
b) Moderate literacy rate
c) Advanced technology
d) High life expectancy
59. What is the role of health in human development?
a) Increases population
b) Improves quality of life
c) Reduces income
d) Promotes pollution
60. Which of the following is an environmental challenge to development?
a) Conservation of resources
b) Pollution and deforestation
c) Use of renewable energy
d) Reduction in poverty
61. What does the term ‘national development’ refer to?
a) Development of a single state
b) Overall progress of a country
c) Development of urban areas only
d) Development of rural areas only
62. Which of the following is a social indicator of development?
a) GDP growth
b) Net attendance ratio
c) Export revenue
d) Industrial output
63. What is the significance of per capita income?
a) Measures population growth
b) Indicates average income per person
c) Shows literacy rates
d) Reflects export levels
64. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Natural gas
d) Hydropower
65. What does the term ‘economic growth’ mean?
a) Increase in population
b) Increase in national income
c) Decrease in literacy rate
d) Reduction in employment
66. Which of the following is a goal of sustainable development?
a) Overuse of resources
b) Reduction in pollution
c) Increased deforestation
d) Rapid urbanization
67. What is the role of the Public Distribution System in development?
a) Promotes luxury goods
b) Ensures food security
c) Increases exports
d) Reduces literacy rates
68. Which of the following is a challenge to human development?
a) High literacy rate
b) Poverty and inequality
 c) Advanced infrastructure
d) High life expectancy
69. What does the term ‘inclusive growth’ mean?
a) Growth that benefits only the rich
b) Growth that benefits all sections of society
c) Growth focused on industry
d) Growth without education
70. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
71. What is the primary focus of economic development?
a) Improving quality of life
b) Increasing national income
c) Reducing population
d) Promoting literacy
72. Which of the following is an indicator of social development?
a) GDP growth
b) Literacy rate
c) Export revenue
d) Industrial output
73. What does the term ‘life expectancy’ refer to?
a) Average income per person
b) Average lifespan of a population
c) Number of births per year
d) Number of deaths per year
74. Which of the following is a goal of the Public Distribution System?
a) Increase food exports
b) Provide subsidized food to the poor
c) Promote luxury goods
d) Reduce agricultural production
75. What is the significance of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) Measures industrial output
b) Assesses quality of life
c) Calculates export revenue
d) Determines population size
76. Which of the following is a non-economic indicator of development?
a) Per capita income
b) Infant mortality rate
c) GDP growth
d) National income
77. What does the term ‘sustainable development’ mean?
a) Short-term economic growth
b) Long-term balance of economic, social, and environmental needs
c) Rapid industrialization
d) Population reduction
78. Which of the following is a feature of a developing country?
a) High per capita income
b) Moderate literacy rate
c) Advanced technology
d) High life expectancy
79. What is the role of education in human development?
a) Increases population
b) Improves skills and knowledge
c) Reduces income
d) Promotes pollution
80. Which of the following is an environmental goal of sustainable development?
a) Deforestation
b) Conservation of biodiversity
c) Increased pollution
d) Overuse of resources
81. What does the term ‘poverty’ mean?
a) High income levels
b) Lack of basic needs like food and shelter
c) Equal distribution of resources
d) High literacy rates
82. Which of the following is a social goal of development?
a) Increase in GDP
b) Reduction in unemployment
c) Growth in exports
d) Industrial expansion
83. What is the significance of the infant mortality rate?
a) Measures economic growth
b) Indicates health conditions
c) Shows industrial output
d) Reflects export levels
84. Which of the following is a challenge to development?
a) High literacy rate
b) Income inequality
c) Advanced infrastructure
d) High per capita income
85. What does the term ‘human development’ mean?
a) Economic growth only
b) Improvement in health, education, and income
c) Industrial expansion
d) Population control
86. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Wind energy
d) Natural gas
87. What is the role of per capita income in development?
a) Measures population growth
b) Indicates average income per person
c) Shows literacy rates
d) Reflects export levels
88. Which of the following is a non-economic goal of development?
a) Increase in GDP
b) Reduction in poverty
c) Growth in exports
d) Industrial expansion
89. What does the term ‘economic disparity’ refer to?
a) Equal income distribution
b) Unequal distribution of income and wealth
 c) Uniform literacy rates
d) Balanced development
90. Which of the following is a measure of health in development?
a) Per capita income
b) Life expectancy
c) GDP growth
d) Export revenue
91. What is the primary focus of sustainable development?
a) Rapid industrialization
b) Balancing economic, social, and environmental needs
c) Population control
d) Export promotion
92. Which of the following is an indicator of economic development?
a) Literacy rate
b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
c) Life expectancy
d) Infant mortality rate
93. What does the term ‘literacy rate’ measure?
a) Economic growth
b) Educational attainment
c) Income levels
d) Export revenue
94. Which of the following is a goal of the Public Distribution System?
a) Increase food exports
b) Provide subsidized food to the poor
c) Promote luxury goods
d) Reduce agricultural production
95. What is the significance of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) Measures industrial output
b) Assesses quality of life
c) Calculates population growth
d) Determines export revenue
96. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Hydropower
97. What does the term ‘inclusive development’ mean?
a) Development that benefits only the rich
b) Development that benefits all sections of society
c) Development focused on industry
d) Development without education
98. Which of the following is a challenge to sustainable development?
a) Conservation of resources
b) Overuse of resources
c) Use of renewable energy
d) Reduction in poverty
99. What does the term ‘national income’ refer to?
a) Total income earned by individuals
b) Total value of goods and services produced in a country
c) Income from foreign trade
d) Income of the government
00. Which of the following is a feature of a developed country?
a) Low literacy rate
b) High life expectancy
c) Low per capita income
d) High infant mortality rate

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=== Section B: Fill in the Blanks ===

25 Questions, 1 Mark Each

Fill in the blanks with the correct word or term related to the Development chapter.
1. The process of improving quality of life through economic and social progress is called
____________.
2. The average income per person in a country is known as ____________.
3. The Human Development Index (HDI) is published by the ____________.
4. Sustainable development ensures resources for ____________ generations.
5. The ____________ sector employs the most people in India.
6. Infant Mortality Rate measures deaths of children under ____________ year per 1000 live births.
7. The Public Distribution System provides subsidized ____________ to the poor.
8. A renewable resource is ____________ energy.
9. Literacy rate in India is measured for people above ____________ years.
10. The Net Attendance Ratio measures actual ____________ in schools.
11. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the value of goods and ____________ produced.
12. A non-renewable resource is ____________.
13. HDI is based on income, education, and ____________.
14. Sustainable development balances economic, social, and ____________ needs.
15. The state with the highest literacy rate in India is ____________.
16. Life expectancy reflects a country’s ____________ conditions.
17. PDS distributes ____________ to low-income groups.
18. A challenge to sustainable development is ____________ of resources.
19. Literacy rate indicates ____________ attainment.
20. Inclusive development benefits all ____________ of society.
21. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals aim for prosperity by ____________.
22. Per capita income is national income divided by ____________.
23. A renewable energy source is ____________ power.
24. Economic disparity is unequal distribution of income and ____________.
25. HDI assesses the quality of ____________.

=== Section C: Assertion-Reason Questions ===

50 Questions, 2 Marks Each
 For each question, two statements are given: Assertion and Reason. Choose the correct option:

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(d) Assertion is false but Reason is true
1. Assertion: Development improves the quality of life.
Reason: It includes economic growth, health, and education access.
2. Assertion: Per capita income is a reliable development indicator.
Reason: It includes non-economic factors like health and education.
3. Assertion: Human Development Index (HDI) measures quality of life.
Reason: It considers income, education, and life expectancy.
4. Assertion: Sustainable development focuses only on economic growth.
Reason: It balances economic, social, and environmental needs.
5. Assertion: Public Distribution System (PDS) ensures food security.
Reason: It provides subsidized food to the poor.
6. Assertion: India’s services sector contributes most to GDP.
Reason: Agriculture employs the most people in India.
7. Assertion: Infant Mortality Rate is a social indicator of development.
Reason: It reflects health and living conditions.
8. Assertion: All resources used in development are renewable.
Reason: Coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources.
9. Assertion: Literacy rate is a key measure of development.
Reason: It indicates educational attainment and access.
10. Assertion: National income measures goods and services produced.
Reason: It is used to calculate per capita income.
11. Assertion: Developed countries have low life expectancy.
Reason: They have high literacy and per capita income.
12. Assertion: PDS distributes luxury goods.
Reason: It provides food grains at subsidized rates.
13. Assertion: Sustainable development includes environmental conservation.
Reason: It ensures resources for future generations.
14. Assertion: Per capita income reflects equal wealth distribution.
Reason: It is an average income per person.
15. Assertion: Human development focuses on health, education, and income.
Reason: It is broader than economic development.
16. Assertion: Coal is a renewable resource.
Reason: Solar energy is a renewable resource.
17. Assertion: Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India.
Reason: Literacy rate is a social indicator of development.
18. Assertion: Economic disparity means equal income distribution.
Reason: It refers to unequal access to wealth and opportunities.
19. Assertion: Life expectancy indicates health conditions in a country.
Reason: It measures the average lifespan of the population.
20. Assertion: Overuse of resources supports sustainable development.
Reason: Sustainable development conserves resources.
21. Assertion: Agriculture employs the most people in India.
Reason: It contributes significantly to India’s GDP.
22. Assertion: HDI includes population size as a factor.
Reason: HDI measures income, education, and health.
23. Assertion: Sustainable development promotes renewable energy use.
Reason: It reduces dependence on fossil fuels like coal.
24. Assertion: Per capita income is a non-economic indicator.
Reason: It is calculated based on national income.
25. Assertion: Inclusive development benefits all sections of society.
Reason: It reduces poverty and inequality.
26. Assertion: Non-renewable resources can be replenished naturally.
Reason: Solar energy is a renewable resource.
27. Assertion: PDS supports economic growth.
Reason: It ensures food security for the poor.
28. Assertion: Literacy rate is higher in urban areas than rural areas.
Reason: Urban areas have better access to schools.
29. Assertion: National income is the only measure of development.
Reason: Development includes social indicators like health.
30. Assertion: Infant mortality rate reflects health infrastructure.
Reason: It measures deaths of children under one year.
31. Assertion: Developed countries have low per capita income.
Reason: They have high literacy and life expectancy.
32. Assertion: Sustainable development ignores social needs.
Reason: It balances economic, social, and environmental goals.
33. Assertion: Human development emphasizes quality of life.
Reason: It includes health, education, and income.
34. Assertion: Economic growth and development are the same.
Reason: Development includes non-economic factors like literacy.
35. Assertion: Renewable resources are inexhaustible.
Reason: Coal is a non-renewable resource.
36. Assertion: PDS promotes luxury goods.
Reason: It provides subsidized food grains.
37. Assertion: Literacy rate is a social indicator of development.
Reason: It reflects access to education.
38. Assertion: Per capita income shows equal wealth distribution.
Reason: It is an average measure of income.
39. Assertion: Sustainable development reduces pollution.
Reason: It promotes the use of renewable energy.
40. Assertion: Infant mortality rate is an economic indicator.
Reason: It reflects health conditions in a country.
41. Assertion: National income measures total goods and services produced.
Reason: It is used to calculate per capita income.
42. Assertion: Developed countries have high unemployment rates.
Reason: They have advanced infrastructure and education.
43. Assertion: Sustainable development conserves biodiversity.
Reason: It reduces environmental degradation.
44. Assertion: Per capita income is the only measure of development.
Reason: Development includes social indicators like literacy.
45. Assertion: Human development focuses on economic growth only.
Reason: It improves health, education, and income.
46. Assertion: Non-renewable resources are exhaustible.
Reason: Solar energy is a renewable resource.
47. Assertion: PDS ensures food security.
Reason: It provides subsidized food to the poor.
48. Assertion: Literacy rate is higher in rural areas than urban areas.
Reason: Urban areas have better access to education.
49. Assertion: National income reflects economic development.
Reason: It measures total goods and services produced.
50. Assertion: Sustainable development promotes rapid industrialization.
Reason: It balances economic growth with environmental protection.

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=== Section D: Two-Mark Questions ===

20 Questions, 2 Marks Each

Answer in 2–3 sentences or 30–40 words.

1. Define development in the context of economics.
2. What is per capita income, and why is it used?
3. Name two components of the Human Development Index (HDI).
4. What is meant by sustainable development?
5. Explain the role of the Public Distribution System (PDS).
6. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.
7. Why is literacy rate considered a social indicator?
8. What does the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?
9. Name two challenges to sustainable development.
10. What is the significance of national income?
11. How does life expectancy reflect development?
12. What is the purpose of calculating gross enrollment ratio?
13. Define economic disparity with an example.
14. Why is health important for human development?
15. Name two goals of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
16. What is the role of education in development?
17. Why is Kerala’s literacy rate significant in India’s development?
18. What is meant by inclusive development?
19. How does the agriculture sector contribute to India’s economy?
20. Explain the concept of poverty line.

=== Section E: Three-Mark Questions ===

20 Questions, 3 Marks Each
 Answer in 4–6 sentences or 50–70 words.
1. Explain the difference between economic development and human development.
2. How is per capita income calculated, and what are its limitations?
3. Discuss the importance of the Human Development Index (HDI) in measuring development.
4. Why is sustainable development important for future generations?
5. Describe the role of the Public Distribution System in ensuring food security.
6. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources with examples.
7. How does literacy rate contribute to a country’s development?
8. Explain the significance of Infant Mortality Rate as a development indicator.
9. What are the key challenges to achieving sustainable development in India?
10. How does national income reflect a country’s economic progress?
11. Discuss the role of life expectancy in assessing human development.
12. Why is education considered a cornerstone of development?
13. Explain the concept of economic disparity with examples.
14. How does health impact the overall development of a country?
15. Discuss the goals of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
16. What is the role of the agricultural sector in India’s development?
17. How does Kerala’s high literacy rate contribute to its development?
18. Explain the concept of inclusive development with an example.
19. What are the social benefits of reducing poverty in a country?
20. Describe the environmental challenges to sustainable development.

=== Section F: Four-to-Five-Mark Questions ===

20 Questions, 4–5 Marks Each

Answer in 6–8 sentences or 80–100 words. Include analytical and cause-effect reasoning.
1. Discuss the importance of balancing economic growth with sustainable development.
2. How does per capita income fail to reflect the true development of a country?
3. Evaluate the role of the Human Development Index (HDI) in comparing countries.
4. Why is sustainable development a global priority? Explain with examples.
5. Analyze the effectiveness of the Public Distribution System in reducing poverty.
6. Discuss the impact of overusing non-renewable resources on development.
7. How does literacy rate influence economic and social development?
8. Explain the relationship between Infant Mortality Rate and health infrastructure.
9. Analyze the challenges to sustainable development in developing countries like India.
10. How does national income serve as a measure of economic development?
11. Discuss the role of life expectancy in determining a country’s development status.
12. Evaluate the importance of education in achieving sustainable development.
13. Analyze the causes and effects of economic disparity in India.
14. How does health contribute to economic and social development?
15. Discuss the significance of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
16. Analyze the role of the agricultural sector in India’s economic development.
17. How has Kerala’s high literacy rate impacted its human development?
18. Discuss the importance of inclusive development in reducing inequality.
19. Evaluate the social and economic impacts of poverty reduction in India.
20. Analyze the environmental strategies needed for sustainable development.

=== Section G: Case-Based Questions ===

10 Questions, 8 Marks Each

Read the passage or scenario and answer the sub-questions (4 sub-questions per case, 2 marks
each). Scenarios are source-based or data-driven, reflecting real-world contexts of development.
Case 1: Human Development in India
India has made progress in human development, with a life expectancy of 72 years, a literacy rate
of 77%, and a per capita income of $2,000. However, regional disparities exist, with Kerala leading
in literacy and Bihar lagging.
a) What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
b) Why is Kerala’s literacy rate significant?
c) What does per capita income indicate?
d) Why do regional disparities pose a challenge to development?
Case 2: Sustainable Development Goals
The United Nations’ SDGs aim to achieve goals like zero poverty, quality education, and clean
energy by 2030. India has adopted solar energy projects to reduce reliance on coal.
a) What is sustainable development?
b) Why is clean energy a goal of the SDGs?
c) Name one renewable resource mentioned.
d) How does reducing poverty align with the SDGs?
Case 3: Public Distribution System
The PDS in India provides subsidized food grains to over 800 million people, ensuring food security.
However, issues like corruption and inefficiencies persist.
a) What is the primary goal of the PDS?
b) How does PDS contribute to development?
c) Name one challenge faced by the PDS.
d) Why is food security important for human development?
Case 4: Economic Disparity in India
India’s per capita income is $2,000, but the top 10% earn 50% of the total income, highlighting
economic disparity. Rural areas lag in literacy and health compared to urban areas.
a) What is economic disparity?
b) Why is unequal income distribution a challenge?
c) How does literacy impact development?
d) Suggest one way to reduce economic disparity.
Case 5: Literacy Rate in Kerala
Kerala has a literacy rate of 96%, the highest in India, contributing to its high HDI. Investments in
education and health have improved living standards.
a) What is literacy rate?
b) How does Kerala’s literacy rate impact its development?
c) Why is education a key component of HDI?
d) Suggest one benefit of high literacy for a state.
Case 6: Renewable Energy in India
India aims to generate 40% of its energy from renewables by 2030. Solar and wind energy projects
have reduced reliance on coal, a non-renewable resource.
a) What is a renewable resource?
b) Why is reducing coal usage important for sustainable development?
c) Name one benefit of renewable energy.
d) How does renewable energy support development?
Case 7: Infant Mortality Rate
India’s Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined to 27 per 1,000 live births, reflecting better
healthcare. However, states like Uttar Pradesh still report higher rates.
a) What is Infant Mortality Rate?
b) How does IMR reflect health conditions?
c) Why do regional variations in IMR exist?
d) Suggest one way to reduce IMR.
Case 8: Agriculture in India
Agriculture employs 42% of India’s workforce but contributes only 18% to GDP. Farmers face
challenges like low income and lack of modern technology.
a) Why is agriculture important for India’s economy?
b) What is one challenge faced by farmers?
c) How does agriculture impact development?
d) Suggest one way to improve agricultural productivity.
Case 9: Poverty Reduction
India has reduced poverty from 45% to 21% since 1991, through schemes like MNREGA and PDS.
However, rural poverty remains higher than urban poverty.
a) What is poverty?
b) How does PDS help reduce poverty?
c) Why is rural poverty a challenge?
d) Suggest one benefit of poverty reduction.
Case 10: National Income Growth
India’s national income has grown at 6% annually, but per capita income remains low due to
population growth. Inequality in wealth distribution persists.
a) What is national income?
b) Why is per capita income low despite national income growth?
c) How does inequality affect development?
d) Suggest one way to improve per capita income.

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