Dominican art

The first cultural influences of Europe in the New World took place in
the primate city of America, Santo Domingo. The first expression of those
cultures, became trapped in the walls and stones. It was Architecture and design
urban of the cities the main sample of that expression. Then they were introduced.
the goldsmithing, the silversmithingy finally the painting y the sculpture.

Colonial architecture went through a huge variety of styles and in each one of
The contribution of the conquered lands is notable. In Santo Domingo, they shine.
new vigor the Romanesque style, the Gothic, the Baroque, and the Neoclassical. It prevailed, in
the painting and in the sculpture, the sacred aspect of the theme since it was in the convents
where himselfwas learning y he they practiced the beautiful arts.

After the second half of the 19th century, Europe begins to assert its powerful influence again.
influence. Impressionism, post-impressionism, costumbrismo, and Art Nouveau are
represented in some way in Dominican painting. They stand outAbelardo
Rodríguez Urdaneta (1870-1932), academic painter and Leopoldo Navarroauthor of
customary paintings, Enrique García Godoy (1885-1941) and Celeste Woss and
Gil(1891-1985) who was the first woman to present a solo exhibition
of his works (1924) and who, by establishing the practice of copying from nature, in the
artistic education brought Dominicans closer to contemplation and appreciation
from criollo anatomy; fundamental change in painting of the 1930s.

Dominican modern painting began in the early 20th century, adopting

new styles that seek to express identity, in the face of racial condition,
geographical e historic. Here if stand outJaime ColsonyDarío Suro

WithManolo PascualIn 1939, with the arrival of Spanish teachers and artists to
Dominican Republic, the National School of Fine Arts is founded during the dictatorship.
of Trujillo (which lasted from 1930-1960), from which new artists emerge: Gilberto
Hernandez Ortega(1924-1979)Marianela Jiménez(1925)Clara
Ledesma(1924)Luichy Martínez Richiez(1928)Antonio Prats Ventos1928.Joseph
Gausachs1889-1959George Hausdorf,

The Latin American Baroque

The Baroque is the architectural style of the 17th and 18th centuries characterized by
a profusion of ornaments and great complexity that prolongs the Renaissance but is
apart from the sobriety that characterized him. The other artistic disciplines of this
period (sculpture, painting, literature, and music) are also referred to by this name. In the
in the case of painting and sculpture, the movement of the figures is almost excessive and very
reloaded in its details.
The qualities of Baroque are grandiosity, movement, sensual richness,
the drama and in the case of Latin America the portrait of pain and suffering in the
painting and in sculpture, especially in religious themes. In the aspect
architectural breaks with classical norms and proportions, highlighting the
wavy forms, using curves and counter-curves to offer a dynamism that
did not exist before, breaking the rigidity of previous constructions. The light
it acquires capital importance and is taken very into account for the perspective
external and interior lighting creating optical effects with indirect lights and
skylights.
The Baroque that came from Europe, upon arriving in the New World, mixed with art and
the indigenous forms that had a high baroque component, thus it was
easily assimilated by American creators and artists who expanded the
style known as Latin American Baroque. Some authors it
they are considered as an ultra-baroque, designating it as a multiplied baroque since
amplifies the main attributes of European Baroque.
This period was also imbued with an exaggerated atmosphere of mysticism.
and a strong religiosity in many cases laden with syncretism and that offered in
painting and sculpture, especially in imagery (wood carving of images
religious) a special development with great expressiveness recreating in the
expression of pain, suffering, and in other cases the grotesque associated with
evil. The martyrdom scenes are common, elaborating on the most aspects.
bloody, as a means to foster devotion. Martyrdom, hell
offers the believer a simpler and more effective way to understand that
any sermon or reading, awakening the most ancestral fears and anxieties.

Baroque in the Dominican Republic

COLONIAL ART: it developed in America during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. During this
period, the territory of our continent was divided into colonies dependent on the
Spanish empire, which allowed the passage of baroque art from Spain to the new world. Art
Colonial flourished under the influence of Baroque and Catholic ideas of the Counter-Reformation. The
Catholic churches were interested in demonstrating the colonies, their power and grandeur, that is why
art played a decisive role in spreading religious ideas while also serving to
to combat the beliefs y practices of the religions Indigenous.

Colonial Architecture: The development of the architecture of colonial Venezuela in the centuries
XVI and XVII were limited due to the lack of economic resources of the inhabitants and to the
little importance that the provinces had, among them Santiago León de Caracas, for
the Spanish colonizers. But in the 18th century, Caracas becomes important and begins to
to grow rapidly as the population grows and the economy intensifies.
During the colony, the urban planning parameters were established in relation to the
organized provisions of the city. To this end, they built houses under the Laws of the Indies,
which proposed the orthogonal layout or checkerboard pattern of the blocks around a
central square. An example of this type of construction is the Bolívar square in Caracas and its streets
adjacent. The most used construction elements during the colony were the arch of
half point, the columns, the pillars, the walls, and the buttress. The materials of
The construction materials were fired clay, brick, wood, and cane, which did not detract from it.
quality and beauty to the building. In addition, the interiors, the eaves, the windows and doors
they created a very distinctive touch on the facade of each house. Among the main ones
From this era, we have the Cathedral of Caracas, the Church of Our Lady of
Altagracia, of the Mercedes, of Coro and the house of the Guipuzcoana in La Guaria. In architecture
Claudio Rugero and Juan Antonelli stood out in the construction of fortresses.
In painting as in sculpture, Christian religious themes were interpreted, the product of the
imitation of models of Spanish imaginary or of developed artisan skills
by the natives.

European Baroque

The Baroque was a time when the population decreased.

drastically, as wars, hunger, epidemics, and the
emigration for economic or political reasons was at the forefront of
day. The Thirty Years' War and the epidemics, which were
consequence of the lack of hygiene that existed at that time, they made
Spain has lost approximately two million inhabitants since
the beginning of the century until the end of it.
Epidemics mainly affected the poor, as they were in poor health.
fed and living in extremely poor hygiene conditions not
they could face an illness. The bath was frowned upon by
the society and only the cleanest washed their faces if at all with a
a wet towel and a poor bathroom from time to time.

The economy underwent a significant change, mercantilism. This new

economic system was invented by Jean Baptiste Colbert, a
minister of Louis XIV. Mercantilism allowed the government
could store precious metals for the state. They were based on that
the country would be richer this way. It also highlights the crisis that
Agriculture passed in southern Europe. It was due to a change in the
climate. The industry advanced with the use of manufactures, which
They lightened production by using some simple machines.

The society was divided into three estates:

The nobility were privileged people who lived off their lands. They formed
part of the first state

The clergy, this group was divided into two estates, high clergy, the
who were privileged and were in the first estate, and the
lower clergy, they were poor, and poorly educated, they belonged to the third
state.