6.11) Does the kinetic energy of a car change more when accelerating from 10 to 15 m/s or from 15 to 20 m/s?

First case: Ec:1. . 2 Second case:

2

1 1 1 1
.m.152- 102
.m. .m.202.m.152
2 2 2 2
1
225m.1100m.1 1
.400m - .225m
2 2 2 2

125m.1 1
.175m
2 2

∴ Therefore, the higher the speed, the greater the energy.

A 1.5 kg brick falls vertically at 5.0 m/s. A 1.5 kg book slides on the floor at
5.0 m/s. A melon weighing 1.5 kg travels with components of 3.0 m/s to the right and 4.0 m/s upward.
Do they all have the same speed? Do they have the same kinetic energy? For each question,
justify your answer.
Yes, it doesn't matter if it's free fall, uniform rectilinear motion, or parabolic, the resultant for each speed indicates that
is 5 m/s.

Since all objects have the same module for weight and speed, they will have the same
kinetic energy.

6.1) A book is pushed 1.20m on a horizontal table with a horizontal force of 3.0 N. The
The opposing friction force is 0.600 N. a) What work does the 3.00 N force perform on the
Book?

a) W = F x D

W = 3N x 1.2m

3.6 J

b) -0.6N x 1.2m -0.72 J

c) ∑ = 3N+ (-0.6N) = 2.4N

2.4N x 1.2m = 2.88 J

= 2.88 J

A worker pushes a 25.0 kg box horizontally a distance of 6.0m over a floor.

flat with a constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.30
What magnitude of force must the worker apply?
c) How much does friction affect the box? How much work does the normal force do? What about the
gravity? e) What total work is done on the box?

a) F = m x a

F = 25 x 9.8 m/ 2x 0.30 = 73.5 N

b) W = 73.5N x 6m = 441 J

c) -441J ó

d) The normal and the gravity are null.

e) Total work on the table is zero.

6.3) Suppose that the worker from Exercise 6.2 pushes at an angle of 30º below the horizontal.
a) What magnitude of force must be applied to move the box at a constant velocity?
b) ¿Qué trabajo realiza esta fuerza sobre la caja si se empuja 6.0m? c) ¿Qué trabajo realiza la
friction on the box during this displacement? d) And the normal force? Gravity? e) What
total work is done on the box?

a) F = m x a

F = 25 x 9.8 m/ 2x 0.30 = 73.5 N

b) W= 73.5N x 6m = 441 J

c) -441J
ó

d) = = 0 Because the normal force, like gravity, acts perpendicular to the

direction of displacement.

e) + =0

441J + 0J + 0J - 441J = 0

6.4) A boat pulls a skier with a horizontal rope. She skis towards a
side, until the rope forms a 15º angle with the direction of its movement, and then continues
in a straight line. The tension in the rope is 160 N. How much work does the rope do on the
skier for 250m?

W = F x D x cos(15º)

W= 160 N x 250m x Cos15º

3863.903 J

6.5) A fisherman reels in 15.0m of line while pulling a fish that exerts a constant resistance of
20.0 N. If it is pulled with a constant velocity, how much work does the tension do on the fish?
sedal?
W=FxD

W = 20 N x 15 m

W = 300 J

A 7.25 kg oak cube hangs in a well from the end of a rope that goes through a
frictionless pulley at the top of the well, and you pull the rope horizontally to
How much work do you do on the cube?
gravitational? c) What total work is done on the cube?

W=F×S
CUBE WEIGHT=7.25Kg
6.00m
a)

W=F×6

W=7.25x6xa

W=43.5a

b) The force of gravity, when joined with mass, becomes weight and this is overcome by
the force applied by the person pulling the rope.

71.195 = m × g

71.195 < 7.25a

c) Wneto=43.5a+71.195

6.7) Two tugboats are towing a damaged tanker. Each one exerts a constant force of
1.5 x106 N, one 16º north of west and the other 16º south of west, pulling the tanker 0.65
km to the west What total work is done on the oil tanker?

S1=S2.→ S1=0.65

W1=F1xSCos (₼)

W11.5x106x650xCos16°

W19.372301535 times 108J

W2=F1xSCos (₼)

W2=1.5x106x650xCos16°

W29.372301535x108J

Wtotal=W1+W2

Wtotal=1.875x109J

Calculate the kinetic energy, in J, of a car weighing 1400 kg traveling at 40.0 km/h
How does the kinetic energy change if its speed is doubled?
 a) mc1400Kg

V=40.0m/s

Ec=1 × 2
2

700x1600

Ec=1.12x106J

b)

V = 2(40.0) m/s
1
1400(80)2
2

Ec=4.48x106J

6.11) A moving electron has kinetic energy 1 After being subjected to a

net amount of work W moves at one third of its previous speed and in the direction
opposite. a) Calculate W in terms of 1b) Does your answer depend on the final direction of
movement of the electron?

W=FxS

Vo=3a

Vf=a

Ecoe = ½ m(Vo)2

Eco=
e ½ m(9a )
2

Ecf=K
e 1

a) W=K1-½ m(9a2)
b) If it is in function of K1why the total work is resolved only with the difference in energy
kinetics.

6.12) A car is stopped by a constant friction force regardless of the speed.

Of the car, how does the distance it stops change if its initial speed is doubled?
(Use work and energy methods.)

The distance increases

6.13) A baseball pitcher throws a fastball that leaves his hand at a speed of 36.0
m/s. The mass of the ball is 0.145 kg. Ignore air resistance. How much work was done by the
pitcher over the ball?

V = 36.0 m/s

m=0.145Kg

W=FxS

F = MLT-2

F=0.145x36T-2

V=

36=

L=36T

W=0.145x36T-2x36T

W=187.92T-1

A "pack of 12" Omni-Cola, weighing 4.30 kg, is at rest on a surface.

horizontal. Then a horizontal force of 35.0 N pushes it 1.50 m a) Use the work theorem
and the energy to calculate the final speed of the pack of 12 if the surface has no friction b) Repeat
but assuming that the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25.

m=4.30Kg

S=1.50m

35N

a)

W=35(1.50)

W=52.5J

52.52
√ 24.419 = V
V = 4.492

b) FR=35x10.557
FR=24.443N
W=24.443x1.50
W=36.665
36.665 = ½ 1.5V2
√ 48.887 =
V=6.992
A toy wagon weighing 6.0 kg moves in a straight line on a horizontal surface without
friction. It has an initial speed of 4.0 m/s and then is pushed 4.0m in the direction of the
initial speed due to a force of 10.0N a) Use the work-energy theorem, Ec (6-6), to
calculate the final speed of the wagon. b) Calculate the acceleration produced by the force and use it in the
kinematic relationships of Chapter 2 to calculate the final speed. Compare this result with that of
section (a).

V= 4m/s

10N

a) =

0+ 0= +

0=

42= 2

4 m/s =

b) F = m x a

10N = 6 x a 2= 2
0+ 2xaxd

a = 1.66 m/ 2 2= 42+ 2 x (1.66) x 4

5.44 m/s.

A 9.0 kg sled moves in a straight line on a frictionless horizontal surface.

At a certain point, its speed is 4.0 m/s; 3.0 m further ahead, it is 6.0 m/s. Use the work theorem and the
energy to determine the force acting in the direction of movement.

A–B Vo= 0 Vf=4 m/s F = ma

C Vo=4m/s Vf=6m/s F = (a) (33.33 m/s)

2
A = VT2- 29.97 N
2d
A=62-42/2(3)

A= 33.33 m/s2

A soccer ball weighing 0.420 kg is moving at 2.0 m/s. A player kicks it, exerting
a constant force of 40.0N in the direction of the ball's movement. Over what distance
Should your foot be in contact with the ball to increase its speed to 6.0 m/s?
1
Fd=
2(A - A_f)

Clearing:

D= 0.42((62) - (22))/2.40 D= 16.8 cm

A 1.2 kg melon is dropped from the roof of a building. from the
rooftop of a 30.0 m building a) Calculate the work done by gravity on the melon
during its movement from the rooftop to the floor. b) What kinetic energy does the melon have?
just before crashing to the ground? Ignore air resistance.
Ec = ½ m.v2

m = 1.2 kg a) W=Fd

Vo= 0 W = 11.76 x 30

H=30m W=352.8
G=9.80 m/s2

6.19) A baseball weighing 0.145 kg is thrown upwards with an initial speed of 30 m/s. a)
How much work has gravity done on her when she reaches a height of 15.0m above the
pitcher's hand? b) Use the work and energy theorem to calculate the speed of the ball at
that height. Ignore air resistance. c) Does the answer from part (b) depend on whether the ball
Is it moving up or down when it is at a height of 15.0m? Explain.

a) b)

W=Fxh k= vg

F=mxg Kf–ki = vgf = vgi

F = 1.372 Vgi = 0J

F= 1.421 Vf2=2gh + v2

h = 15 m Vf2=2 x 9.8 x 15+30

W= 1.42 x 15 34.55 m/s

W = 21.32 J

c) there are conservation of energy the speed will be the same because it is derived from
air resistance

A 2.0 kg block of ice slides 0.7m down a 30º inclined plane.

below the horizontal. If the block starts from rest, what final speed does it have? You can ignore the
friction.

Sen(30) = h/0.70m m x g x h = 1/2 x m x V2

35m = h 2 x g x h = V2

2 x 9.8 x 35 = V2

V= 26.19 m/s
A car travels along a flat road at a speed at the moment the brakes
they block, so that the tires slide instead of rolling a) Use the work theorem and the
energy Ec (6-6) to calculate the minimum distance at which the car can stop in terms of
g and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and the road. b) The car stops at
98.3m yes 90 km/h. What distance will it stop at if 60 km/h? Suppose that does not vary, like this
that the force of friction is the same.

F x r x d = 1/2 x m(V22)
Negative function work

A work of 12.0 J is required to compress a spring 4.00 cm from its uncompressed length.
compressed. How much work must be done to stretch that spring 3.00 cm from its
unstretched length?

W=F.3x10-2 W=F.d

W=3x10-2.3x102 12 equals F.4 times 10-2

W=9J F = 3 x10-2

A force of 120 N stretches a spring 0.040 m beyond its resting length. a) What
What force is required for a stretch of 0.010 m? For a compression of 0.080 m? b)
How much work needs to be done in the two cases of section (a)?

F_e = k imes x
12
0.04
=k
a) F_e = k.x b) Fe=k.x

Fe= 12 . 0.01 Fe= 12 . 0.08

0.04 0.01
Fe=3 J Fe= 96 J

a team of 2 people on a tandem bicycle must overcome a force of 175 N to

maintain a speed of 9.50 m/s. Calculate the power required by the cyclist, assuming
equal contributions. Express your answer in hp

P= d = v.T
.
P=
P=F.V
P= -170 x175
P = -29750
A vacant elevator has a mass of 600 kg and is designed to ascend at a constant speed.
a distance of 20.0 m (5 floors) in 15 s. the power comes from a motor capable of supplying
30 hp to the elevator. How many passengers can maximum go up in the elevator? Assume a
mass of 65.0 kg per passenger.

d=V.T P=
.20
V=20 P=
15 15

20
V=1.3 m/s P=(F–6X103).
15
20
30=(F–6X103).
15

15 + 6 x 103= F
6015 N = F
Ud and his bicycle have a combined mass of 80.0 kg.
Upon reaching the base of a bridge, you are traveling at 6.00 m/s. The vertical height of a bridge is 5.20 m.
and your speed at the top is 2.50 m/s. Ignore friction and any inefficiency of the bicycle or
of your legs. a) What total work is done on you and your bicycle when going from the base to the top
From the bridge? b) How much work do you do with the force you apply to the pedals?

WT: Wa + Wb b) W = F x d
WT: Ec + Epg + Ec W = m x a x 5.2
1 1
WT: m.v2+ mgh + m.v2 W = 80 x (9.8) x 5.2
2 2
1
WT:40(6)280 times 10 times 5.2 plus 80 times 2.52 4080.96 J
2

WT: 3150 J

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

7.1) What potential energy does an 800 kg elevator have at the top of the Empire State Building?
380m above the ground? Assume that the potential energy at ground level is 0.

Ep = m x g x h
Ep = 800 kg x 380 m x 9.8 m/ 2

2979200 J
7.2) A bag of 2.27 kg of flour is lifted 12.0m vertically at a speed of 4 m/s a)
What force is required?
said work?

Constant speed = Required force = Weight

a) F = m x g b) W = F x D

F= 2.27 kg x 9.8 m/ 2 W = 22.246 N x 12.0m

F = 22.246 N W = 735 J

c) This work will be equal to the gravitational potential energy.

A ball is thrown from the roof of a building 27.5m high with an initial velocity
with a magnitude of 16.0 m/s and directed at an angle of 37º above the horizontal a) What speed does it have?
ball just before touching the ground? Use energy methods and ignore air resistance. b)
Repeat section (a) but with the initial velocity forming an angle of 37º below the horizontal.
horizontal. c) If the effect of air resistance is included, in which section, (a) or (b), is it obtained?
a greater speed?

a) Eb–Ea = 0 b) It is the same speed; it does not vary.

+ = 0+ 0

1 2 1 2
x mx 1= x mx 0+ mxgx 0
2 2

1 2 1
xv1= x162+ 9.8 x 27.5m
2 2

128.1957 m/s

7.4) A mailbag weighing 120 kg hangs from a vertical rope of 8.0m a) What force
A horizontal force is needed to keep the bag displaced 4.0m laterally from its
initial position? b) How much work is done to bring the bag to that position?

a) ∑ = 0 ∑ =0

F–Tx = 0 Ty–W = 0
F = T cos60º Ty = W

F = 1367.44N x cos60º T=
cos 60º

120 9.8 / 2
F = 683.72
60º

T = 1367.44N
A small stone of 0.10 kg is released from its resting position at point A,
on the edge of a hemispherical bowl with a radius of R = 0.60m. Assume that the stone is small in
comparison with R, so it can be treated as a particle. The work done by friction
The stone's potential energy when going from A to B at the bottom of the bowl is -0.22 J. What speed does the stone have when
arrive at B?

a) Between point A and B

m x g x h = 1x m x 2
2

0.5881x 0.10 x 2
2

11.76 = 2

3.429 = v

7.47) The system in Fig. 7-27 is released from rest when the 12.0 kg paint bucket is at
2.0m above the floor. Use the principle of conservation of energy to calculate the speed with which
the bucket hits the floor. Ignore the friction and inertia of the pulley.

Ep = Ec

m x g x h =1x m x 2
2

9.8 x 2 x 12 = 1x 8 x 2
2

58.8 = 2

7.668 = v
A 0.2 kg ball is tied to a 3.0 m string, the other end of which is attached to a support.
rigid. The ball is held by the thread tensed horizontally and is released. a) What speed does it have?
Is the ball at the lowest point of its movement? b) What tension is there in the thread at that point?

a) EMa = EMb b) T = m x g

Epa = Ecb T = 0.2kg x 9.8 m/ 2

m x g x h =1x m x 2 T = 1.96 N
2

3 x 9.8 x 0.2 = 1x 0.2 x 2

2

58.8 = 2

7.668 = v

A 0.2 kg package is released from rest at point A of a track that forms a quarter
circle with a radius of 1.6m (Fig. 7-29). The package is so small relative to that radius that it can
to be treated like a particle; it slides along the track and reaches point B at a speed of 4.2 m/s. Starting from
From there, the package slides 3.0m over a horizontal surface to C, where it stops. a)
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction of the horizontal surface? b) How much work is done by the
friction on the package between A and B?

W= In

W = Emp–Emc

W = 1x m x 2
2

F x D =1x m x 2
2

x N x D = 1x m x 2
2
1
= 2xmx 2
=1 0.24.2 4.2
= 3.360.16
2 2 3 12

b) W = Em

+ - Emf–Emi

1.6+ Pg x 2πr + = ½ x m x 2-m xgxh

9.8 x1.69.8 x 2 x 3.14 x 1.6 + =1/2 x 0.2 x4.22-0.2 x 9.8 x 1.6

114.1504+ -1.372

-0.012019