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Plastic Arts

The document summarizes the evolution of the plastic arts in Venezuela, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. It explains that the arts have developed and been influenced by different cultures throughout the history of Venezuela. It begins with pre-Columbian artistic manifestations and is then influenced by European styles during the colonial period. In the 20th century, new movements and internationally renowned Venezuelan artists emerge. Architecture has also evolved from the early settlements.

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33 views3 pages

Plastic Arts

The document summarizes the evolution of the plastic arts in Venezuela, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. It explains that the arts have developed and been influenced by different cultures throughout the history of Venezuela. It begins with pre-Columbian artistic manifestations and is then influenced by European styles during the colonial period. In the 20th century, new movements and internationally renowned Venezuelan artists emerge. Architecture has also evolved from the early settlements.

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EVOLUTION OF PLASTIC ARTS IN VENEZUELA

PAINTING, SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE

This work aims to investigate very briefly about the


evolution of the Plastic Arts in Venezuela, particularly: painting, sculpture
and architecture, hence the journey is briefly shown
Venezuelan plastic manifestation from its beginnings to our days.
In Venezuela, as in any other place in the world, one can
appreciate paintings, sculptures, and architectural works that are manifestations
artistic expressions that can be interpreted as memories or expressions of
the times lived throughout history. There are many artists
Venezuelans with different types of demonstrations that have marked and
they point out the evolution of the plastic arts in Venezuela, such as Manuel
Cabré, Luis Millé, Tito Salas, Harry Abend, Francisco Narváez, Gilberto
Bejarano, Carlos Medina , Carlos Prada, Carlos Cruz Diez, Jesús Soto,
Alejandro Otero; architects like Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Tomás José
Sanabria, Alejandro Chataing and others.

Regarding Venezuelan art, like in other cultures, it begins to


to manifest itself from times when human existence was already a reality.
In Venezuela, that manifestation begins from the pre-Columbian period.
the colonial period, from the early days of the conquest, painting was
used as teaching support and instruments of evangelization. From
there, Venezuelan art begins to be influenced by European forms.
By the 18th century, the first local workshops begin with works of the style
fully baroque. Following the wars of independence (1810-1824), it
introduce in painting the scene of historical genre and the portrait of a civil hero
military.
It was not until the 20th century, when in 1912, with the creation of the Circle of
Fine Arts, a group of young painters, opposed the teachings
academic and opened to the international currents of the time, such as the
impressionism, post-impressionism, cubism, social muralism, and art
abstract. The climate of freedom and openness to the knowledge of currents
international stimulated the research and practice of artistic concepts whose
access was largely made possible by the abundant current information
that could be obtained through newspapers and magazines and, above all, through the
reading of books and monographs that circulated from hand to hand at that time
era. Today important works are exhibited in the museums of Venezuela that
reflect the artistic culture of their authors, their feelings, thoughts, and
opinions.
At the same time, the development of sculpture in Venezuela was lesser than the
from painting, it was born in the early 1800s with the influence of the colonial era and
the influence of the Catholic religion, the Imagery prevails, which were pieces
sculptures representing God, virgins, and saints. At the end of the
1800s the trend of sculpture, represented by religious images
change for sculptures representing the Founding Fathers of Independence. No
However, from the time of Independence until 1900, it remained quite
relegated. Starting from 1900, new sculptural trends emerge:
indigenist, the ornamental, the abstract, the natural forms and the rhythms
mobiles, in addition to the incorporation of iron.

It was around the 1960s that sculpture opened up to new trends of


other latitudes, where constructivism and currents were explored
abstract; in addition to the awakening of other techniques, such as emptying in
bronze. Also favored by a number of immigrant sculptors
postwar Europe that settled in the country after 1945,
some of them in the capacity of teachers. They were Francisco Narváez and Carlos
González Bogen (1954) the first in Venezuela to tackle sculpture.
abstract employing iron. The path opened to iron and bronze by the
sculptors of the 60s find today a fertile field of experimentation in
spaces like those of the Caracas Metro and some squares in Caracas.

On the other hand, regarding architecture, it can be said that in Venezuela


it originated with the arrival of the conquerors, who used as
first type of housing the barracks, where the families of the soldiers lived.
Since its beginning, it has been established by foreign styles, since the times
colonial, when the missionaries were in charge of preparing and building
buildings. Venezuelan architecture was distinguished by three types: the
civil architecture, which encompasses colonial houses, religious architecture, and the
military architecture. The first houses were initially made of straw, then
wood and clay were used. In the 17th century, the construction of houses began
made of stone, arranged around the square.
Starting from the second half of the 19th century, national and foreign architects
they imported fashion trends in Europe, neoclassical styles, neo-Gothic and
neo-baroques, to construct the civil architecture that would shape the
main cities of the country. In the 20th century, a true revolution took place.
Architectural, the oil wealth facilitated the transition to an urbanized country.
Paving the way for new styles and designs by Venezuelan architects
like Carlos Raúl Villanueva but also without overlooking the contradictions
of the country, the marginalization of neighborhoods with their precarious housing, the lack of
urban planning and an exaggerated real estate development that involved
quality of life problems that still persist today.

In summary of the review of the evolution of plastic manifestations in


In Venezuela, it can be observed that:
The evolution of artistic manifestations in Venezuela has been
influenced by various cultures. Initially, the indigenous culture of
our aborigines; the African culture, brought by the black slaves,
the Spanish, who arrived with the conquerors and the most recent era due to
a more cosmopolitan vision.
There are plastic expressions of very diverse materials that are related to
with the eras, with the religious, with the political, with the wars, with the
customs or perhaps with daily life.
Venezuela has brought to life numerous plastic artists who have left a
cultural legacy, which at times transcended borders, such as
Reverón, Jesús Soto, Marisol, Carlos Cruz Diez, Otero, Gego, etc.
Society is continuously changing constantly, and with it the
culture, the art.
The work of many architects from that era remains relevant today.

In general, the work done has been very rewarding, knowing that we have
great source of pride with our plastic artists, that we have artists
internationally renowned Venezuelans who have surely influenced as well
the development of the arts in other places. It is also good to know that much
the architectural infrastructure of the country still in effect today was made by
Venezuelans, with Venezuelan design.

Electronic References
Venezuelan art of the 20th century between exile and dissent. Document
electronic available at:http://www.saber.ula.ve/handle/123456789/27824.
Consulted on 13/10/2018.
Art in Venezuela. Website: Art in Venezuela. Electronic document
available in:Unable to access the content from the provided URL.Consulted on
October 13, 2018
The Plastic Arts in Venezuela in the 20th Century. Electronic document
available at: https://es.scribd.com/document/316830610/Artes-Plasticas-de-
Venezuela in the 20th century. Consulted on 10/13/2018.
Sculpture in Venezuela. Website: art in Venezuela. Document
electronic available at: http://arteenvenezuela20122.blogspot.com/p/blog-
page_5.html. Consulted on 13/10/2018.
Architecture of Venezuela: A Step Through Time. Electronic Document
available at: http://www.construarte.com.ve/architecture-venezuela-step-
time/. Consulted on 10/13/2018.

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