GCD & LCM (Finding The Original Numbers)
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GCD & LCM (finding the original numbers)
Test found onhttps://www.mathematiquesfaciles.comthe site to learn mathematics
(test n°85698)
THEORY :
During exercises on the GCD and the LCM, numbers are generally given (at least 2), and it
we need to find their GCD and their LCM using different methods (already explained very clearly on this)
site).
Reminders:
1) Here we consider the method of prime factor products: we divide the given numbers.
successively by prime numbers (divisible only by 1 and by themselves) in a
in ascending order.
Example: Find the GCD and the LCM of 36 and 84.
By applying the division described above, we find:
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3.
84 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7.
The GCD is the product of the common factors of the two numbers (those in red) so 2 x 2 x 3 = 12.
The LCM is the product of the GCD by the remainder of the non-common factors (in black) so 12 x 3 x 7 =
252.
2) Coprime numbers: These are numbers that have one and only one common divisor: 1. These
numbers are generally prime numbers or consecutive numbers.
Examples:
3 and 7 are coprime as they are prime numbers.
4 and 5 are coprime because they are consecutive numbers.
Method:
By analyzing the LCM, we notice that it is the product of the GCD and 2 numbers that are prime to each other.
(for example, 3 x 7).
Thanks to this observation, we will be able to find the 2 only with the GCD and the LCM.
departure names!
However, it sometimes happens that there are several possibilities, that is to say several pairs of numbers having
the same GCD and LCM.
Example 1: Find the 2 numbers whose GCD is 12 and LCM is 252.
Step 1: What number must be multiplied by 12 to obtain 252?
252 / 12 = 21 (car LCM = GCD x remainder of non-common factors).
Step 2: Which coprime numbers have a product of 21?
3 and 7 (the pair 1x21 cannot be retained because 1 and 21 are not coprime).
Step 3: All that remains is to multiply the GCD by each of the pairwise prime numbers to
get 12 x 3 = 36, and 12 x 7 = 84.
Example 2: Find the 2 numbers that have a GCD of 8 and a LCM of 144.
Step 1: 144 / 8 = 18 (remaining non-common prime factors).
Step 2: 18 = 2 x 9 (3x6 is not acceptable because 3 and 6 are not coprime).
Step 3: The starting numbers are 2 x 8 = 16, and 9 x 8 = 72.
Verification: 16 = 2x2x2x2 = 8 x 2, and 72 = 2x2x2x9 = 8 x 9. Hence the GCD = 8, and the LCM = 8 x 2x9 =
144.
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13/09/2022 GCD & LCM (finding the starting numbers)
EXERCISE :
Find the pairs of numbers (IN ASCENDING ORDER) whose GCD and LCM are
given.
Questions :
1. With a GCD of 14 and an LCM of 84, the starting numbers are 28 and
______________________________.
2. With a GCD of 2 and a LCM of 240, the starting numbers are 6 and
3. With a GCD of 4 and an LCM of 240, the starting numbers are 12 and
______________________________.
4. With a GCD of 4 and a LCM of 40, the starting numbers are 8 and
5. With a GCD of 3 and an LCM of 105, the starting numbers are 15 and
6. With a GCD of 10 and a LCM of 420, the starting numbers are 20 and
______________________________.
7. With a GCD of 8 and a LCM of 48, the starting numbers are 16 and
8. With a GCD of 6 and a LCM of 36, the starting numbers are 12 and
9. With a GCD of 11 and a LCM of 132, the starting numbers are 33 and
______________________________.
10. With a GCD of 8 and an LCM of 160, the starting numbers are 32 and
______________________________.
response
42
80
3) 80
20
5) 21
6) 210
24
8) 18
9) 44
10) 40
EXPLANATIONS :
1) 84/14 = 6 and 6 is 2x3; since 2x14=28 and 3x14=42, we are talking about the numbers 28 and 42.
2) 240/2 = 120 and 120 is 3 x 40, 5 x 24 and 8 x 15; now 3x2=6 and 40x2=80 hence the couple (6;80), but also
5x2=10 and 24x2=48, hence the pair (10;48) and finally 8x2=16 and 15x2=30, hence the pair (16;30)
3) 240/4= 60 and 60 is 3x20, 4x15 and 5x12; now 3x4=12 and 20x4=80 hence the pair (12;80) but also
4x4=16 and 15x4=60 hence the pair (16;60) and finally 5x4=20 and 12x4=48 hence the pair (20;48)
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September 13, 2022 GCD & LCM (finding the original numbers)
4) 40/4 = 10 and 10 is 2x5; now 2x4=8 and 5x4=20 hence the pair (8;20)
5) 105/3 = 35 and 35 is 5x7; now 5x3=15 and 7x3=21 hence the pair (15;21)
6) 420/10 = 42 and 42 is 2x21, 3x14 and 6x7; now 2x10=20 and 21x10=210 thus the pair (20;210) but
also 3x10=30 and 14x10=140 hence the pair (30;140) and finally 6x10=60 and 7x10=70 hence the pair (60:70)
7) 48/8 = 6 and 6 is 2x3; now 2x8=16 and 3x8=24 hence the pair (16;24)
8) 36/6 = 6 and 6 is 2x3; therefore 2x6=12 and 3x6=18 hence the pair (12;18)
9) 132/11 = 12 and 12 is 3x4; now 3x11=33 and 4x11=44 hence the pair (33;44)
10) 160/8 = 20 and 20 is 4x5; now 4x8=32 and 5x8=40 hence the pair (32;40)
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