The First Generation of Mobile Telephony
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ScribdTranslationsThe First Generation of Mobile Telephony
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ScribdTranslationsFirst generation
The first generation of mobile telephony (1G) operated through
analog communications and portable devices that were relatively large.
This generation was launched around the 70s-80s, and due to its analog medium
it brought with it a series of inconveniences, such as that they could only be used
for voice transmission, that is, the use of instant messaging was something only
visible in a 'very distant' future). Also, its low security, which made it possible to
a person can listen to other people's calls with a simple radio tuner or even
make use of frequencies to assign costs to another person's call.
Some of the most famous standards that emerged with this technology were: the
Avanza Mobile Phone Systemdo(AMPS,) the Access Communication System
Total(TACS*) and the Northern Mobile Telephonytip( NMT*).
AMPS was the first standard of cellular networks implemented by the BELL company,
and had fragile security mechanisms that allowed hacking the lines
telephonic.
TACS is the European version of AMPS. It only defines the access protocol.
radio between a mobile station and its base. This system used the frequency band
of 900 MHz.
NMT, it is an analog cellular system initially developed to operate
In Nordic countries such as Finland, Denmark, or Norway, and which had relative
success due to its more than correct implementation. This system operated in the bands
450MHz and 900MHz
With the emergence of 1G network, the mobile phone market grew by between 30 and
50 percent (%) annually, and the number of global subscribers reached figures
millionaires.
Second generation
In contrast to what happens in other generations, the so-called 'second
"Generation" is not a concrete standard, but rather it sets the pace for telephony.
analogous to digital, which allowed, through the introduction of a series of protocols,
the improvement of call handling, more simultaneous links in the same bandwidth
and the integration of other additional services beyond voice, among which stands out the
Short Message Service or SMS.
These protocols were implemented by various companies, this fact being the
the origin of one of the main problems of this generation: the incompatibility between
protocols. Due to this, the phone's usage range was limited to the area
in which your company would provide support.
Regarding the most commonly used standards, we can talk about GSM and CDMA, each one
contributing in a different way to the development of this second generation.
TheGlobal System for Mobile Communication(GSM for its initials in English) is
probably the technology that your telephone network is currently using, since
It is the standard system in most of the world.
GSM networks use TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
Time), meaning they operate by assigning slots or time intervals to multiple
conversation flows. This is why GSM works by converting voice into a digital signal,
compressing it and sending the signal through a specific channel. Now, for
that the network knows which users are connected, each phone uses a SIM card.
Now, these cards are one of the key features of GSM networks. Since
they serve to save the subscription of your service, the network identification and the
contact information.
Advantages
Extensive coverage
Wide variety of phone
There are no roaming charges for international calls.
Because GSM is the same network worldwide, users are not charged a
roaming charges for international calls. However, most of the
providers continue to charge a service fee on those calls.
Disadvantages
Slow bandwidth
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of GSM is that multiple users share the same bandwidth.
from the band. With enough users, the transmission may encounter interference. Because of this
Thus, faster technologies such as 3G have been developed in different types of
networks, such as CDMA, in order to avoid such bandwidth limitations.
Due to electronic interference
Another disadvantage of GSM is that it can interfere with certain components.
electronics, such as pacemakers and hearing aids, according to Inc.Technology.com. Such
interference is due to the fact that GSM uses a pulse technology
transmission. As a result, many places, such as hospitals and airplanes require
cell phones turned off.
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The CDMA—Multiple Access by Code Division, grants users full access
to the entire spectrum of bands, allowing more users to connect in a
given moment. It also encodes the individual conversation of each user through
a digital sequence, this means that voice data remains protected and
filtered, so that only those participating in the call receive the data.
Phones that use the CDMA protocol do not use SIM cards. Instead, each
The phone is designed specifically to work on that provider's network.
it means that phones are tied to a carrier and its bands, so that
If you decide to change providers, you will have to buy a new phone.
Exceptional quality of voice y of calls
CDMA technology filters out background noise, crosstalk, and interference,
so that you can enjoy greater voice clarity, privacy and better
call quality
Mayor coverage
The expanded spectrum CDMA signal provides the greatest coverage of the
wireless industry, allowing the construction of networks with much fewer
base installations that what is possible with other wireless technologies
Mayor security y privacy
Expanded spectrum transmissions and CDMA digital encoding resist
the hidden listening. Designed with around 4.4 trillion codes, the
CDMA technology virtually eliminates cloning and other types of fraud.
Mayor capacity
CDMA technology allows a greater number of subscribers to share the
same radio frequencies, helping service providers to
increase its profitability.
Disadvantages
Capacity of a rogue the capacity of a CDMA channel in the presence of
noise and out-of-sync stations is typically less than what can be
achieve with TDM.
Limited to one provider.
.
