Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of Popular Power for Higher Education

Simón Bolívar Professional Training Institute
Mérida - Mérida State.

Laboratory Propedeutics

PARTICIPANTS

Alix Quintero

Marbiolis Angle

Araque Elizabeth

Briceño Yennifer

Contreras Liseth

Molina Tania

Quintero Nakary

River light
 INTRODUCTION

The laboratory assistant must be a cautious, responsible individual who under

the supervision of the Bioanalysis professional achieves an adequate management
on the materials and work instruments. Handle the vocabulary or the glossary of
terms used within the workplace related to reading and
writing of the results. The laboratory assistant must have an ethics
professional and with a strong social spirit, being empathetic and humanitarian;
play the role assigned to them as a collaborator of the professional in bioanalysis.
That in the workplace where he/she is, he/she can carry out his/her duties as an assistant already.

public and private seas. Particularly the personnel who perform this work
must continue researching and studying to be a successful worker in this field
And if you love this profession so much, why not be a Bioanalyst in our country?
 IMPORTANCE OF THE LABORATORY IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM

It is the responsibility of each state to promote adequate comprehensive care for the

population in order to reduce the risks to which their community is subjected and
therefore, to seek an adequate standard of living, in which each individual within the
conglomerate receives adequate protection for its health and the environment
what surrounds him can be sufficiently suitable for man to live in a
state, Of physical and mental fullness. Public health laboratories (LSP)
an important set of activities is carried out worldwide that result
basics for the functioning of health systems. Among them stand out
support for public health surveillance and disease control,
identification of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic microorganisms
microbiology isolation typing, conducting reference tests
for epidemiological surveillance, support for public health research, among
others.

That is why each country has reached public health organizations the achievement
of all the goals set for the improvement of the health status of the
community and in each sociopolitical distribution of Latin America, the fixed
priorities that must be developed to achieve the highest level of well-being
of the population.

IMPORTANCE OF THE LABORATORY ASSISTANT IN THE SYSTEM

NATIONAL HEALTH

The laboratory assistant, alongside the bioanalysis professional regarding the

Public Health is a human resource of great importance in
diagnosis of diseases, both at the human, animal, and environmental levels
foods, as it determines essential biological parameters in the
monitoring and treatment of diseases.
 LABORATORY ASSISTANT

The name of the laboratory assistant refers to the person who assists the professional in
laboratory, licensed in medical technology, with or without a master's or doctorate, in
the pre-analytical procedures prior to microbiological diagnosis,
biochemical, hematological, immune-chemical or parasitological.

The laboratory assistant will be able to use their training.

humanistic in coexistence with health professionals and in their contact with
the patient, performing orientation activities, reception and sample collection to
patients.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LABORATORY ASSISTANT

Carry out the collection and sampling, ensuring its relevance.

marked for processing in each of the sections of the
Clinical Laboratory according to the orders of the laboratory professional.

Prepare, arrange supplies, and set up samples for

that the laboratory professional carries out the processing.

Instruct or guide the user on how to proceed

the collection process is completed and the conditions under which it must be taken and

present the exam sample to the laboratory to have a

optimal sample that guarantees the truthfulness of the results.

Check the proper maintenance of the laboratory areas and ensure

the sterilization of instruments and service elements to guarantee the
aseptic practice of any procedure or activity that is carried out in the
user attention.
 Report promptly to the laboratory professional or immediate supervisor
the abnormalities in the provision of the service, states of emergency and
risks and deficiencies in laboratory personnel proposing alternatives
for improving it and ensuring user satisfaction.

CLINICAL LABORATORY

The 'Clinical Laboratory' is the place wherelaboratory professionals of

clinical diagnosis Medical Technologist,Graduates in Clinical Laboratory and
HistopathologicalBiochemists,Pharmaceutical Chemists, Bioanalysts, Chemists,
Bacteriologists, Parasitologists, and Doctors carry outclinical analysisthat contribute
to the study, prevention,diagnosisand treatment of problems ofhealthof the
patients.

It is also known as Laboratory ofClinical pathologythe laboratories

clinical analysis, according to their functions, can be divided into:

Routine or follow-up laboratories: The laboratoriesthey have a routine

four basic departments:HematologyImmunologyMicrobiologyand Chemistry
Clinic (orBiochemistry.

Routine laboratories can be found within ahospitalthe external beings

to this. Hospital laboratories often have sections considered
urgently, where studies are conducted that will serve to make decisions
criticisms in the care of severe patients. Such studies
howcytometrytematic, times ofcoagulation,glycemiaureacreatininey
blood gases.

Specialty laboratories: In the special testing laboratories, they

they conduct more sophisticated studies, using methodologies such as amplification of
nucleic acids, chromosomal studies, flow cytometry andchromatographyof
high resolution, among others. These tests require facilities and
special training of the personnel who carry them out. Often, these
laboratories are part of research programs. It is also important
consider, within the analysis process, the obtaining of biological samples.
This process known as sampling encompasses thephlebotomyprocess by
from which a blood sample is taken; obtaining other types of samples,
howurineyfecesand the extraction of other bodily fluids, such as fluid
cerebrospinal fluid or joint fluid.

Areas that exist within a clinical laboratory

Waiting and Reception Room: Where patients will comfortably wait to be

attended.

Sample Collection Booths: At this point, samples are obtained for

then be distributed to the various sections of the laboratory.

Laboratory Sections

Hematology:Various tests are conducted in this, which are summarized for the
The object pursued by this study is threefold: coagulation tests, tests of
blood count and morphology.

Clinical Chemistry: Here, analyses are conducted that are classified as follows:

Routine blood chemistry

General urine tests

Determination of electrolytic reserve and carbon dioxide in the blood

Microbiology:The various tasks carried out here can be classified into

the following way:
Coparasitology:It aims to investigate the presence ofparasitesin
feces.

Bacteriology:It consists of examining directly or indirectly the presence or

activity of microscopic organisms inbloodurinefeces juice
gastricyexudatesorganics.

Immunology:Conduct tests on theantibodiesthat reveal the presence and

activity ofmicroorganismsin the human body

There will be a Preparation area ofculture media,which defines itself,

In addition, the washing and sterilization area for materials.

Different types of laboratory

Pathological anatomy laboratory

blood bank laboratory
genetics laboratory
hematology laboratory
Hormone laboratory
Immunology Laboratory
Nuclear medicine laboratory
Microbiology Laboratory
Ophthalmology laboratory
Clinical chemistry laboratory
Community health laboratory
 LAW OF BIOANALYSIS PRACTICE

CHAPTER I

From the exercise of Bioanalysis

Article 1.- The professional practice of Bioanalysis shall be governed by this Law and
its regulation.

Article 2.- The practice of this profession consists of the analysis of samples.
originating from humans, carried out through scientific methods and
laboratory-specific technology to provide data for the process of
diagnosis of diseases, their prevention and therapy.

Paragraph One.- The professionals legally authorized by this

They will be able to analyze samples from plants or animals.

Second Paragraph.- The practice of any specialization in any field

from the biological sciences, with activities included in Bioanalysis,
when it is confined to its specific field, it is not considered exercise of
Bioanalysis for the effects of this Law.

Paragraph Three.- The analyses referred to in this article shall be

ordered by the corresponding professional, except in cases of research
scientific.

Article 3.- The practice of Bioanalysis is the responsibility of professionals.

legally authorized for that purpose, according to the following requirements:

Individuals holding a degree in Bioanalysis, issued or

revalidated by a Venezuelan university;
The people who before the enactment of this Law, would have
obtained a degree in Bioanalysis or clinical laboratory technicians, issued or
revealed by a Venezuelan university;
 University professionals in the field of health who to date
the laboratory has been exercising since the promulgation of this Law
clinical. For the purposes applicable, the Federation of Colleges of
Bioanalyst from Venezuela will request from the respective professional College the
relevant information;
Medical professionals who have completed specialization courses
no younger than three (3) years, duly approved by the authorities
Venezuelan universities and thereby obtained the title of Pathologist.
Clinical or equivalent title. For the relevant purposes, the Federation of
Colleges of Venezuela will request from the respective professional College the
relevant information;
People who hold certificates or diplomas from clinical laboratories or
laboratory technicians issued by the Institute of Sciences
Experimental, National Institute of Hygiene and Venezuelan Institutes
officially authorized to issue them until 1951; the graduates of the
promotion of the National Institute of Hygiene in 1953;
The graduates of the Laboratory Division of the Ministry of
Health and Social Assistance until the year 1960, with ten (10) years of
continuous service and the people who have been exercising
uninterruptedly the profession of Bioanalysis in an integral way during
the ten (10) years prior to the promulgation of this Law. To such
effect, the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, once verified the
uninterrupted number of years of professional practice will grant the
corresponding authorization.

Article 4.- The State will promote, through universities, the organization
from postgraduate studies for the training of Bioanalysts
specialized and obtaining postgraduate degrees.

Article 5.- In order to practice the profession of Bioanalysis, the holders and others
persons authorized by this Law must comply with the following
requirements:
 Register your title or authorization issued by the Ministry of Health and
Social Assistance in accordance with the provisions of article 54 of the Law of
Public Registry.
Register your title or authorization issued by the Ministry of Health and
Social Assistance in the Registry that will be kept for this purpose in the Ministry
of Health and Social Assistance.
Register with the respective professional college in the jurisdiction where
exercise.

Article 6.- Those who engage in the illegal practice of the profession of bioanalysis are liable:

Those who carry out the activities referred to in Article 2 of that Law without
to be legally authorized to do so;
Those who announce themselves without holding the respective title or authorization in

any form or attribute that character;

Those who have obtained the corresponding title or authorization perform
professional acts without having fulfilled the requirements set forth in the article
5 of this Law:
Those who have been sanctioned with the suspension of practice
professionals practice during the suspension period;
Those who practice their profession in contravention of the provisions of the

present Law or its Regulation.

Those who practice or authorize with their signature the analyses referred to
article 2 of this Law without the express order of the corresponding professional.

Article 7.- Laboratory assistants may only perform functions under the
supervision of the professionals mentioned in Article 3 of this Law and
they must be registered in the Book that the Federation will keep for this purpose
Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela, and comply with the provisions issued by
the health authorities and the Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of
Venezuela, in safeguarding public health and the professional interests of
Bioanalysis.
Article 8.- It is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to oversee.

of the Bioanalysis exercise.

CHAPTER II

Of the duties and rights of Bioanalysts

Article 9.- Professionals who practice bioanalysis must be

duly qualified and legally authorized under this Law to provide
community services, contribute to the scientific and social progress of bioanalysis,
contribute their collaboration to the solution of public health problems and cooperate
with other health professionals who require it.

Article 10.- Biochemical professionals, when offering their services as such,

they must comply with the provisions regarding public announcements established by the
Federation of Bioanalysts Colleges of Venezuela.

Article 11.-The Federation of Schools of Bioanalysts will set the fee that must be paid
to pay the registered professionals to their respective Colleges and it is the duty of the

taxpayers to satisfy it punctually.

CHAPTER III

From the Colleges of Bioanalysts

Article 12.- The bioanalysis professionals referred to in letters a), b),

e) and f) of Article 3 of this Law, which operate in the national territory and that have
fulfilling the provisions thereof, they will be grouped into associations of
professional, guild and scientific character known as Colleges of Bioanalysts.

Article 13.- The Colleges of Bioanalysts are professional corporations of

public character with legal personality and own assets with all the
duties and powers indicated by the laws.
In each of the Federal entities where there is a number not less than
Twelve (12) practicing bioanalysts may form a College.
of Bioanalysts whose headquarters will be determined by the respective Assembly.

If in any Federal Entity there is not the minimum number of professionals

required to establish a School, they may join those of another or others
Entities to carry out such constitution, or to affiliate with a College already
constituted.

The Assembly is the supreme authority of the College and will be made up of all
bioanalysis professionals, skilled at choosing and being chosen, registered and
incorporated into the respective College of their dependency.

The management of each school will be handled by a Board of Directors that will be elected.
by direct and secret voting using the electoral quotient system, and its
Organization and attributions will be established in the Regulation.

Article 14.- The Colleges of Bioanalysts will ensure compliance with the
ethical standards of its members and will defend the interests of the guild
and professionals and society regarding the exercise of the profession.

Article 15.- The Colleges of Bioanalysts, prior authorization from the Federation
of Colleges of Bioanalysts, will be empowered to exercise representation of
gremio before public or private organizations.

Article 16.- The Colleges of Bioanalysts shall have a Disciplinary Tribunal each
one, made up of an odd number of main members and their respective
substitutes, a number that shall not exceed five, who will be elected
in the same way as those of the Board of Directors.

The Disciplinary Tribunal will hear and sanction the infractions of the members to
Code of Ethics and the Statutes and Regulations of the College to which
belong; as well as the provisions contained in Chapter V of the
present law.
 CHAPTER IV

From the Federation of Schools of Bioanalysts

Article 17.- The Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela, based in

In the capital of the Republic, it is the association of the Colleges of Bioanalysts of
Venezuela, with legal personality and its own assets, with all rights,
obligations, powers, and authorities indicated by the laws and their own
Statutes and Regulations.

The National Convention is the highest authority of the Federation and will be
formed by the delegates elected by the Colleges of Bioanalysts of the Republic
that make it up. The Federation will have an Executive Committee that will be elected in

direct and secret voting by the electoral quotient system, by the Assembly
from the Federation, at the time and in the manner specified by the Regulation of this
Law.

Article 18.- The Federation of Bioanalyst Colleges of Venezuela will have

for the purpose of defending the trade union and professional interests of the
collectives that groups and the standards of professional ethics.

Article 19.- The Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela and the

Colleges of Bioanalysts of the Republic will act as the bodies responsible.
to ensure trade union and professional solidarity, the decorum in the exercise of the
profession and the establishment of a social security system for the
bioanalysis professionals; they will learn about cases of ethical violations and
professional deontology and will act as advisory bodies for the Executive
National and other entities, in issues related to bioanalysis
when required.

Article 20.- The Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela and the

Schools of Bioanalysts will be governed by this Law and will be obliged to observe
the regulations related to health issued by the Ministry of Health and
Social Assistance.

Article 21.- The Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela is

authority to represent the union nationally before the organizations
of a public or private nature.

Article 22.- The Federation of Bioanalysts Colleges of Venezuela will have a

Disciplinary Tribunal, composed of an odd number of principal members and
their respective substitutes, in a number not exceeding seven, which will be elected
in the same way as those of the Board of Directors of the Federation.

The Court will rule in the final instance on the appeals made against
the decisions of the jurisdictional Disciplinary Courts.

Article 23.- The Disciplinary Courts of the Colleges of Bioanalysts and of the
Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts of Venezuela will be governed by their
Internal Regulations.

CHAPTER V

From the management, personnel, registration and provision for the establishment of the

Bioanalysis laboratories

Article 24.- The bioanalysis laboratories must be staffed by

professionals in bioanalysis legally authorized to practice the profession.

Article 25.- The direction of the bioanalysis laboratories of institutions

public or private must be performed by authorized professionals
by this Law for the practice of bioanalysis.

Article 26.- It is the exclusive competence of the Ministry of Health.

Social Assistance to issue the regulations that will govern the installation and
minimum provision of bioanalysis laboratories; ensuring strict
compliance with these provisions.

Article 27.- The registration of bioanalysis laboratories is mandatory.

provide services directly to individuals, in the Ministry of Health and
Social Assistance.

Article 28.- The Colleges of Bioanalysts may issue mandatory regulations.

compliance for its affiliates, aimed at guaranteeing minimum standards of
contracting with public or private organizations.

CHAPTER VI

Of the sanctions

Article 29.- For the purposes of this Law, three types of sanctions are established:

1st Those of an administrative nature;

2nd Disciplinary ones;

3rd Those of a penal nature.

Article 30.- The infringements of this Law and its regulations will be
sanctioned through administrative means, without prejudice to disciplinary sanctions and
penalties, provided for in this Law and in the Penal Code.

Article 31.- The administrative penalties are:

Private reprimand;
Public reprimand;
A fine of one hundred (100.00) to three thousand (3,000.00) bolivars or proportional arrest

in cases of insolvency or reluctance.

Article 32.- Those competent officials for the application of sanctions
administrative matters, the Minister of Health and Social Assistance or the officials to
who I will expressly authorize.

Decisions made by these officials may be appealed to the Minister himself.

and from this before the Political-Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice,
within ten (10) days following the decision and the Court will resolve briefly and
summarily.

Article 33.- The penalties imposed by health authorities will be applied

previous reasoned resolution, which the competent official will issue to impose it
and that will notify the offender, providing them with a copy of it and in case of a fine, the

corresponding settlement sheet, made in triplicate, in order to

after the period of ten (10) business days for the appeal has elapsed, counting from the
the date of the notification, the amount of the fine must be recorded in the respective Office
of the Treasury, in the term indicated by the form. The official who imposes the
a fine will be sent with an official letter to the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance a copy

authorized of all the actions, accompanying a copy of the form of

settlement, duly canceled or authenticated guarantee accepted to satisfaction
of the official who imposed the sanction, or failing that, the payment of the fine or the

granting of a bond, the proof document issued by the authority

civil respectively, if the convicted person has served the corresponding arrest.

Article 34.- To repeat offenders of the violations of this Law and its Regulation,
administratively sanctioned, the corresponding sanction will be applied to them
contravention, increased in half.

Article 35.- The disciplinary sanctions that the Courts will apply
Disciplinary bodies of each school in whose jurisdiction the offense has been committed,

will consist.

1st Private warning, verbal or written;

2nd Public reprimand, verbal or written before the College;

3rd Deprivation of honors and privileges related for up to six (6) months
The labor issues granted by the Statutes. This sanction is subject to appeal.
before the Disciplinary Tribunal of the Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts,
within ten (10) business days following the notification of the measure to the
sanctioned.

4th Suspension of the honors and privileges inherent to their status as members
from the School for up to a year. This sanction is subject to appeal to the Tribunal
Disciplinary of the Federation of Colleges of Bioanalysts, within the ten (10)
business days following the notification of the measure to the sanctioned party

5th Fine up to the amount of five hundred bolivars (Bs. 500.00).

Sole Paragraph.- Those who do not pay the fee referred to in article 11 of the
those present under the deadlines set by regulation will be sanctioned
disciplinarily with:

Suspension of the right to choose and be chosen,

Private reprimand and in case of refusal, with public reprimand,
cessation of all trade union rights and a fine of up to five hundred
bolívares (Bs. 500.00). If the sanctioned party settles their debt, they will recover.

from the very moment of payment, your full union rights.

Article 36.- They incur in criminal offenses and will be sanctioned according to
the Law:

1st Those who do not meet the requirements established by this Law shall be
they attribute the titles of bioanalysis professionals, those who impersonate
persons legally authorized to practice that profession; or offer or
provide professional bioanalysis services;
2nd Professionals of bioanalysis or their assistants who practice the profession do not
despite having been suspended;

3rd Those who act as accomplices or concealers of natural persons who

incur in acts of illegal bioanalysis.

4º The bioanalysis professionals who practice their profession in institutions

officials and either covertly or explicitly refer their patients to
laboratories in which they have economic participation.

Single Paragraph.- Those who do not engage in the illegal practice of bioanalysis,
health professionals who, due to their comprehensive practice, find themselves
obliged to occasionally carry out some activities reserved for the
professionals authorized by this Law.

Article 37.- The sanctions referred to in the previous article shall be applied in the
following cases:

1st Those legally authorized to act who lease or

they grant access to their laboratory in any form to individuals who are not authorized to
the professional practice of bioanalysis and that seek to make use of such means
to practice said profession while evading legal prescriptions; or
that somehow assist those who do so in violation of
the present Law will be sanctioned with suspension of professional practice for
term of six (6) months to three (3) years;

2nd Those who illegally practice bioanalysis in any way

Those who contravene articles 6 and 7 of this Law shall be fined.
from five hundred (500) bolivars to five thousand (5,000) bolivars or proportional arrest.

Sole Paragraph.- The sanctions established in this article,

they can be applied to legal entities; but in the case of conversion of
fine in arrest, this last penalty will only be applied to natural persons that
responsible parties for the infraction appear, for having intervened in the event
sanctioned or when by virtue of their functions they were in a position to
to prevent it.

Article 38.- The sanctions referred to in the previous article will be applied to
in accordance with the provisions of Chapter II of the Criminal Procedure Code
in force, and in any case in accordance with the procedure provided for the
criminal offenses.

The product resulting from the fines will be allocated to the National Treasury.

Article 39.- The sanctions referred to in Article 35 shall be applied by the

non-compliance with the provisions contained in Chapter V OF THIS Law, its
Regulations and the Statutes and Regulations of the different Colleges of
Bioanalysts.

Article 40.- The application of the disciplinary provisions of this Law

are independent of what the Penal Code provides in this regard if the facts
punished also constitute crimes or offenses.

Article 41.- The bioanalysis professionals referred to in letters a), b),

e) and f), of article 3 of this Law, must comply with the provisions of the
Article 5 of the same, within six (6) months following its enactment.

Article 42.- Until the National Executive issues the respective Regulation
this Law, the Federation of Bioanalysts Colleges of Venezuela and the Colleges
Regionals will be governed by their respective Statutes and Internal Regulations.
everything that does not conflict with the Law.
 WHY ARE YOU TAKING THE LAB COURSE

We are conducting this course with the aim of expanding and strengthening our
knowledge to be able to put them into practice regarding the
collection, arrangement, and preparation of samples among other aspects is included

to emphasize that the information obtained during the course will help us to be
the best students in the area in which we specialize simply because of the fact of
the knowledge that we will be acquiring during the course and at the same time
it offers us an opportunity either in the work field, experimental or of
strengthening, which will help us in the future.
 CONCLUSION

The clinical laboratory is a place equipped where

investigations of experiments to know the diagnosis of the different
diseases. It has a group of people who are the ones carrying out
those investigations, they are: The Bioanalyst, the Assistant and the Aide; each one
of these professionals fulfills their role in that laboratory.

When talking about the assistant as a person in a laboratory, they perform several functions.
under the supervision of the Bioanalyst; they carry out their function in the management of

all the material, equipment, glassware, and reagents of the laboratory. Your profile has
the knowledge and expectations for their work; he will be trained to
prepare, sterilize and record the tasks related to the utensils in
General, that are in the laboratory. The laboratory also has some phases,
areas and biosafety standards; these standards are very important since
that contain a set of general rules for the safety of your life and
the entire team that makes up a clinical laboratory.