Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
Department of Mathematics
B.Tech. First Semester 22MAT101: Mathematics - I
Tutorial Sheet: 2
Topics covered: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a matrix, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Diagonalization.
1. Find the eigenvalues of a matrix A. Hence nd the eigenvalues of matrix A2 = AA.
5 2 0
3 2
(a) A = . (b)A = 2 5 0.
2 3
−3 4 6
2. (a) Let λ be an eigenvalue of an invertible matrix A. Identify the corresponding eigenvalue of adj(A).
3 7 5 −7
(b) Eigenvalues of a matrix are λ1 , λ2 ; then determine the characteristic roots of .
2 5 −2 3
3. If 1 and 2 are the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix A, what are the eigenvalues of A2 and A−1 ?
4. Find the eigenvalues (characteristic roots) and eigenvectors (characteristic vectors) of the following
matrices:
8 −6 2 −2 2 −3
(a) −6 7 −4. (b) 2 1 −6.
2 −4 3 −1 −2 0
1 2 −2
5. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, nd A−1 and A4 if A = −1 3 0 .
0 −2 1
1 0 0
6. If A = 1 0 1, then show that An = An−2 + A2 − I for n ≥ 3. Hence, nd A50 .
0 1 0
2 1 1
7. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A = 0 1 0. Hence, nd the matrix represented by
1 1 2
A8 − 5A7 + 7A6 − 3A5 + A4 − 5A3 + 8A2 − 2A + I.
1 0 −4
8. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Verify it for the matrix A = 0 5 4 . Hence, nd A−1 .
−4 4 3
4 1
9. Find a matrix P that diagonalizes the matrix A = . Verify P −1 AP = D where D is a diagonal
2 3
matrix.
3/2 1/2
10. Diagonalize the matrix A = and hence nd the matrix representation of eA .
1/2 3/2
3 1 −1
11. Show that the matrix A = −2 1 2 is diagonalizable. Hence, nd P such that P −1 AP is a
0 1 2
diagonal matrix.
12. Show that
(a) The eigenvalues of a square matrix and its transpose are the same.
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(b) If A and B are two square invertible matrices, then AB and BA have the same characteristic roots.
13. (a) Let x1 and x2 be eigenvectors of a matrix A corresponding to distinct eigenvalues λ1 and λ2
respectively. Then show that x1 and x2 are linearly independent.
(b) Let λ be an eigenvalue of an invertible matrix A. Then show that 1/λ is an eigenvalue of A−1 .
1 1 3
14. The eigenvectors of a 3 × 3 matrix A corresponding to the eigenvalues 1, −1, 2 are 1 , 0 , 1
0 1 1
respectively. Find matrix A and hence nd A .
5
15. (a) Let A be a square matrix such that Ak = 0 for some positive integer k. Then show that all the
eigenvalues of A are zero.
(b) Let A be a square matrix such that A2 = A. Then show that the eigenvalues of A are either 0 or 1.
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