MATATAG School: Ceriaco A.

Abes Memorial National High School Grade Level: Grade 8

K to 12 Curriculum Teacher: Mary Ann T. Hernandez Learning Area: Science
Daily Lesson Log
Teaching Dates and Time: September 1-5, 2025 (7:00-7:45 AM) Quarter: 2nd Quarter

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

I. CURRICULUM CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES

A. Content Standards The current structure of the atom includes subatomic particles, their symbols, mass, charge, and location.
B. Performance Standards By the end of the Quarter, learners demonstrate an understanding of the structure of the atom and how our understandings have changed over time. They draw models of the
atom and use tables to represent the properties of subatomic particles.
C. Learning Learning Competencies:
Competencies/Objectives The learners draw the structure of an atom in terms of the nucleus and electron shells within an atom; and differentiate the subatomic particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons
—in terms of their symbol, mass, charge, and location within an atom.

Learning Objectives:
1. Identify and label the subatomic particles in each atom diagram. 2. Describe the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
3. Explain the significance of the arrangement of subatomic particles in an atom.
4. Draw the structure of an atom, including the nucleus and electron shells.
5. Compare and contrast the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons in terms of their symbol, mass, charge, and location within an atom.
6. Discuss how the arrangement of electrons in shells influences the chemical properties of an element.
II. CONTENT Structure of the Atom: Nucleus, Properties of Subatomic Interaction and Significance of EVALLUATION
Electron Shells Particles Subatomic Particles
Nucleus Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Explicitation
Electron Shell

Other Learning Cain, F. (2010, February 26). Atom structure. Universe Today.
Resources https://www.universetoday.com/56747/atom-structure/
Chang, R., Goldsby, K.A. (2016). Chemistry (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education
Hill, J. W., & Kolb, D. K. (2001). Chemistry for Changing Times (9th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Infinity Learn NEET. (2022, December 22). Discovery of Electrons | Grade 9 || Don't Memorise [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJSF6Miq2sc
International Atomic Energy Agency. (2015, April 20). How the Atom Benefits Life. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from
https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/multimedia/videos/how-atom-benefits-life
iStockphoto. (n.d.). Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom [Vector illustration]. iStock. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/bohr-atomic-model-of-a-nitrogen-atom-vector-illustration-for-science-gm1300855627-393053407
Save My Exams. (n.d.). Types of radiation. Retrieved June 12, 2024, from
https://www.savemyexams.com/igcse/physics_double-science/edexcel/19/revision-notes/7-radioactivity–particles/7-1-properties-of-radiation/7-1-3-types-of-radiation/
Strassler, M. (2014, October 24). What holds nuclei together? Retrieved from
http://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/the-structure-of-matter/the-nuclei-of-atoms-at-the-heart-of-matter/what-holds-nuclei-together
IV. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURES
Before the Lesson/Pre-lesson Proper
A. Activating Prior Short Review HOMEWORK Short Review: HOMEWORK
Knowledge - Begin by recalling the Atoms are made up of three main
evolution of the atomic model Directions: subatomic particles: protons, Directions:
discussed in Week 1. Answer the following questions neutrons, and electrons. 1. Complete the table by
- Conduct a quick quiz on key about the structure of the atom. filling in the correct
historical figures and their Write neatly and show your Protons have a positive (+) properties of each
contributions to atomic theory to thinking where needed. Use a charge, are located in the nucleus, subatomic particle.
reinforce previous learning. periodic table or your notes if and determine the atomic 2. Answer the follow-up
necessary. number of an element. questions using the
Sample Items: information from the
1. Who is known as the "father 1. What is the central part of an Neutrons have no charge table.
of modern atomic theory" for his atom called? (neutral), are also in the nucleus,
work in developing the first A) Electron Cloud B) Proton and contribute to the atom’s Part 1: Complete the Table
atomic theory in the early 19th C) Neutron D) Nucleus mass. Sub Sy Rel Cha Loc
century? ato mb ativ rge atio
2. Which scientist discovered 2. Which particle has a negative Electrons have a negative (−) mic ol e n in
the electron and proposed the charge? charge, are found in the electron Part Ma the
"plum pudding" model of the A) Proton B) Neutron C) cloud around the nucleus, and are icle s Ato
atom? Electron D) Atom involved in chemical bonding (am m
3. Who conducted the gold foil and reactions. u)
experiment and discovered the 3. Where are neutrons located? Prot
nucleus, leading to the nuclear A) Orbitals B) Nucleus C) The mass number is the sum of on
model of the atom? Electron Cloud D) Shell protons and neutrons. In a Neu
4. Which scientist is credited neutral atom, the number of tron
with discovering the neutron? 4. The atomic number of an protons equals the number of Ele
5. Who proposed the planetary element tells you the number of: electrons, balancing the charge. ctro
model of the atom, where A) Neutrons B) Electrons n
electrons orbit the nucleus in only C) Protons D) Nuclei Understanding these particles
fixed paths? helps explain how elements are Short Answer Questions
5. What is the charge of a organized and how atoms interact 1. Which subatomic particle
Discussion: Recap the neutron? in chemistry. determines the identity of an
development of atomic models A) Positive B) Negative C) element?
from Democritus to Bohr, Neutral D) No charge 2. Which subatomic particles are
highlighting the progression of found in the nucleus?
scientific thought and discovery. 3. Why is the mass of an atom
6. What three subatomic particles mostly concentrated in the
Feedback: Provide feedback on make up an atom? nucleus?
the previous week's homework, 4. How do protons and electrons
which involved creating a 7. What part of the atom is mostly relate to the overall charge of an
timeline of atomic model empty space where electrons are atom?
development. For example, found?
praise students for their accurate
representations and creativity, 8. How do you calculate the mass
and offer constructive feedback number of an atom?
on areas needing improvement,
such as chronological order and 9. An atom has 8 protons and 8
explanatory notes. neutrons. What is its mass
number?
Key:
1. John Dalton 10. Why is the number of
2. J.J. Thomson electrons equal to the number of
3. Ernest Rutherford 4. James protons in a neutral atom?
Chadwick - Engagement Questions:
5. Neils Bohr 1 What do you know about the
nucleus of an atom?
2. How do electrons differ from
protons and neutrons?

CHECK THE STUDENT

HOMEWORK

ANSWER:
1.D
2.C
3.B
4.C
5.C
6. Protons, neutrons, and electrons
7. Electron cloud
8. Add the number of protons and
neutrons.
9.16
10. Because the negative charge
of electrons balances the positive
charge of protons, making the
atom neutral.

Review of Subatomic Particles

- Discussion: Briefly review the
 basic structure of an atom and its
subatomic particles (protons,
neutrons, electrons).
B. Lesson Purpose/Intention Discuss the importance of to help students identify and To help students compare and To help students understand how
understanding the atom's understand the properties of the contrast the properties of subatomic particles—protons,
structure in chemistry and elicit three main subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons neutrons, and electrons—
student responses on why protons, neutrons, and electrons. by examining their symbols, interact within an atom and to
knowing subatomic particles is Students will explore each relative masses, electric explore their individual roles
crucial. Enhance engagement by particle’s mass, electric charge, charges, and locations within and combined significance in
showing a short video clip that and location within the atom. the atom. By the end of this determining the atom’s structure,
highlights the role of atoms in This knowledge will help students lesson, students will be able to stability, identity, and chemical
everyday life, making the understand how atoms are describe how these particles are behavior. By the end of this
learning relevant and interesting structured and how their different and how they work lesson, students will be able to
(International Atomic Energy properties influence chemical together to form the structure of explain how the arrangement and
Agency, 2015). behavior and element identity. an atom. This understanding is interaction of these particles
Video Source: essential for learning how atoms influence the properties of
https://www.iaea.org/newscenter behave and interact in chemical elements and their behavior in
/multimedia/videos/how-atom- processes. chemical reactions.
benefits-life
Example in Water: 1:00 – 2:29
Example in Food: 2:30 – 4:14
Example in Health 4:15- 5:26

Guide Questions for watching

the video:

Before Watching the Video

1. What are some fundamental
needs of modern daily life that
might be influenced by atomic
structure and nuclear
technology?

During Watching the Video

1. What specific examples does
the video provide to illustrate
the use of nuclear technology in
healthcare?

After Watching the Video

1. Reflect on the various
 applications of nuclear
technology discussed in the
video. Which application did
you find most interesting and
why?

2. How does the knowledge of

atomic structure contribute to
the safety and effectiveness of
nuclear technologies in different
fields?
C. Lesson Language Practice Unlocking Content Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Gather Ideas from students: 1. Atom – The basic unit of Atom – The smallest unit of Subatomic Particle – A particle
Before introducing the matter that makes up all matter that retains the identity of smaller than an atom; includes
vocabulary, engage the students elements. an element. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
in a discussion to see what they 2. Subatomic Particle – A
already know about atoms and particle smaller than an Subatomic Particles – The Proton (p⁺) – A positively
their components. Ask questions atom, found inside or smaller parts that make up an charged particle found in the
such as: atom: protons, neutrons, and nucleus of an atom; determines
around it (e.g., proton,
electrons. the element’s identity.
neutron, electron).
 "Can anyone tell me
3. Proton – A positively Proton (p⁺) – A subatomic Neutron (n⁰) – A neutrally
what they know about
charged particle located particle with a positive charge, charged particle found in the
the center of an atom?"
in the nucleus of an found in the nucleus of an atom, nucleus; helps stabilize the atom
 "What do you think are
atom. with a mass of 1 amu. and affects atomic mass.
the parts of an atom?"
4. Neutron – A neutral (no
 "Have you heard of
charge) particle located Neutron (n⁰) – A subatomic Electron (e⁻) – A negatively
protons, neutrons, or
in the nucleus of an particle with no charge (neutral), charged particle found in the
electrons before? What
atom. found in the nucleus, and has a electron cloud around the nucleus;
do you think they do?" mass of 1 amu. involved in chemical bonding.
5. Electron – A negatively
Introduce and explain the key charged particle that
moves around the Electron (e⁻) – A subatomic Nucleus – The dense center of an
vocabulary for the lesson: particle with a negative charge, atom that contains protons and
Use simple, clear language to nucleus in the electron
found in the electron cloud neutrons; responsible for most of
explain each term, building on cloud.
around the nucleus, with a very the atom’s mass.
what students have shared such 6. Nucleus – The dense small mass (about 1/1,840 of a
as proton, neutron, among center of the atom that proton). Electron Cloud – The area
others. contains protons and around the nucleus where
neutrons. Nucleus – The center of the atom electrons are likely to be found;
Nucleus: The nucleus is the 7. Electron Cloud – The that contains protons and determines how atoms interact
center of an atom. It contains region around the neutrons; it holds most of the with each other.
two types of particles: protons nucleus where electrons atom’s mass.
and neutrons. The nucleus is are likely to be found. Atomic Number – The number
very small and dense, holding 8. Atomic Number – The Electron Cloud – The area of protons in an atom; defines the
most of the atom's mass. (Chang number of protons in the outside the nucleus where type of element.
& Goldsby, 2016). nucleus of an atom; it electrons are likely to be found.
Electron Shells: Electron shells Mass Number – The total
identifies the element.
surround the nucleus and are Charge – A physical property number of protons and neutrons
9. Mass Number – The
where electrons are found. that causes particles to attract or in the nucleus.
These shells are layers at total number of protons repel each other; can be positive,
different distances from the and neutrons in an negative, or neutral. Isotope – Atoms of the same
nucleus. Electrons in these shells atom’s nucleus. element that have different
have negative charges and are 10. Charge – A property of Mass (Relative Mass) – A numbers of neutrons but the same
involved in chemical reactions matter that causes it to comparison of how heavy number of protons.
and bonding (Hill & Kolb, experience a force when particles are; protons and
2001). placed in an electric or neutrons have similar mass (~1 Ion – An atom that has gained or
Protons (p⁺): Protons are magnetic field; can be amu), while electrons are much lost electrons, giving it a positive
particles in the nucleus with a positive, negative, or lighter. or negative charge.
positive charge. Each proton has neutral.
a mass of 1 atomic mass unit 11. Relative Mass – The Symbol – A shorthand notation Charge – A property of
(amu). The number of protons in used to represent a subatomic subatomic particles; can be
mass of a subatomic
the nucleus determines the particle, such as p⁺ for proton, n⁰ positive, negative, or neutral.
particle compared to
element and its atomic number. for neutron, and e⁻ for electron.
Neutrons (n): Neutrons are others (e.g., a proton and Atomic Stability – The tendency
particles in the nucleus with no neutron have about 1 of an atom to maintain its
charge. They have a mass like atomic mass unit, while structure; influenced by the
protons, about 1 amu. Neutrons an electron is almost 0). balance of protons, neutrons, and
help stabilize the nucleus by 12. Neutral Atom – An electrons.
reducing the repulsive forces atom with the same
between protons. The number of number of protons and Chemical Behavior – How an
neutrons can vary in isotopes of electrons, resulting in no atom interacts or bonds with other
the same element, changing the overall charge. atoms, largely determined by its
atomic mass without electrons.
significantly altering chemical
properties. Electromagnetic Force – The
Electrons (e⁻): Electrons are force that holds electrons around
negatively charged particles the nucleus and affects the
found in electron shells around interactions between charged
the nucleus. They have a very particles.
small mass compared to protons Strong Nuclear Force – The
and neutrons, about 1/1836 of an force that binds protons and
 amu. The arrangement of neutrons together in the nucleus,
electrons determines the atom's overcoming the repulsion
reactivity, chemical properties, between like charges.
and bonding behavior.
Electrostatic Forces:
Electrostatic forces are the
attractive or repulsive forces
between charged particles. In an
atom, these forces keep
negatively charged electrons
orbiting around the positively
charged protons in the nucleus
of Subatomic Particles
Nuclear Forces: Nuclear forces
are the strong forces that hold
protons and neutrons together in
the nucleus of an atom. These
forces are much stronger than
electrostatic forces and ensure
the nucleus stays intact despite
the repulsive forces between
positively charged protons.
During the Lesson/Lesson Proper
D. Reading the Key Contextualize the atom's Use a video to illustrate the Atoms, the basic units of matter, For electrostatic attraction, get
Idea/Stem structure within the nucleus and discovery of electrons by J.J. are made up of even smaller two magnets. If not available, just
electron shells. Use a diagram to Thomson (Infinity Learn NEET, components called subatomic let the students imagine magnets
illustrate the basic structure of 2022). Show how protons and particles. The three main that either pull towards each other
an atom and elicit responses neutrons were discovered and subatomic particles are protons, or push away, depending on their
from students about their prior explain their significance in the neutrons, and electrons. Each of charges. Ask the questions:
knowledge of atoms. This nucleus. these particles has unique
foundational understanding will properties that contribute to the 1. “Why do you think electrons
prepare them for more detailed Link: atom’s structure and behavior. do not crash into the nucleus
learning https://www.youtube.com/watch despite their attraction to
?v=iJSF6Miq2sc To fully understand how atoms protons?”
work, it's important to compare 2. “How might these forces affect
Ask questions about the charge and contrast these three particles the stability of an atom?” For
and location of electrons to check based on four main nuclear forces, let them think of
for understanding and encourage characteristics: symbol, mass, glue that is strong enough to hold
critical thinking. charge, and location within the the nucleus together even when
atom. the protons want to push apart.
 Sample diagram Sample questions: Ask the questions:
1. Why is the discovery of the 1. Symbols 3. “What might happen to the
electron significant in Each subatomic particle is nucleus if there were no
understanding atomic structure? represented by a unique symbol: neutrons?” 4. “Why are these
2. How does the location of  Proton – symbol: p⁺ forces crucial for the nucleus?”
electrons affect the chemical  Neutron – symbol: n⁰
behavior of an element?  Electron – symbol: e⁻ Worked Example
3. Explain how the electron cloud These symbols help quickly Using a model or Diagram, show
model provides a more accurate identify each particle and its the forces at play within an atom.
representation of electron location charge. Explain how electrostatic forces
compared to Thomson's initial keep electrons in orbit and how
model. 2. Mass nuclear forces hold the nucleus
 Protons and neutrons together. When discussing
Draw a simple atom (e.g., What Are Subatomic Particles? each have a relative
hydrogen) on the board, labeling mass of 1 atomic mass
the nucleus and electron shell. Atoms are the building blocks of unit (amu).
Discuss the properties of all matter—everything you see,  Electrons have an
protons, neutrons, and electrons, touch, or breathe is made of extremely small mass—
and explain how the number of atoms. Even though atoms are about 1/1,840 of a
protons determines the element's incredibly small, they are made of proton’s mass. In basic
identity. This hands-on example even smaller particles called atomic models, this is
helps students visualize and subatomic particles. There are often rounded to 0 amu
understand the atomic structure. three main types of subatomic because it is so small. particle stability, explain how
particles: protons, neutrons, and Thus, most of the atom's mass is protons and neutrons contribute to
When introducing new concepts, electrons. Each of these has found in the nucleus, where the nucleus' stability and discuss
always connect them to prior unique properties that determine protons and neutrons are located. what would happen if these forces
knowledge and real-life how atoms behave and interact were not balanced.
examples to make them more with each other. 3. Charge
relatable and easier to  Protons have a positive Image Source: uomus.edu.iq
understand. (+) electrical charge.
 Neutrons have no Guide Questions:
Worked Example: Use clear, charge (neutral). 1. "How do nuclear forces
step-by-step demonstrations to  Electrons have a contribute to the stability of the
model the process of drawing negative (−) electrical nucleus?"
atomic structures or identifying
charge. 2. "What role do neutrons play in
subatomic particles. Encourage
In a neutral atom, the number of keeping the nucleus stable?"
students to ask questions
The Three Main Subatomic protons equals the number of
throughout to ensure they are
Particles electrons, balancing the positive Atoms, the basic building blocks
following along. Lesson
and negative charges. of matter, are made up of three
Activity: Design activities that 1. Protons main types of subatomic
cater to different learning styles.  Charge: Positive (+) 4. Location within the Atom particles: protons, neutrons, and
Visual learners will benefit from  Mass: About 1 atomic  Protons and neutrons electrons. Each of these particles
drawing and diagrams, while mass unit (amu) are found in the nucleus, has unique properties, but it is
hands-on learners may benefit  Location: Inside the the dense center of the their interactions and combined
from interactive simulations. nucleus (center of the atom. roles that determine the
atom)  Electrons are found in structure, stability, and
 Importance: The number the electron cloud, behavior of an atom.
of protons in an atom which surrounds the
determines the atomic nucleus. They move 1. Protons (p⁺): Identity and
number and what rapidly in regions called Charge
element it is. For energy levels or  Protons are positively
example, all hydrogen orbitals. charged particles located
atoms have 1 proton, and This difference in location helps in the nucleus.
all carbon atoms have 6 explain why the nucleus is dense  The number of protons
protons. and heavy, while the electron in an atom is known as
cloud gives the atom its size and the atomic number,
allows it to interact with other which identifies the
atoms. element. For example, an
atom with 6 protons is
Part Sy Ma Cha Loc always carbon.
icle mb ss rge atio  Protons repel each other
ol (am n due to their like charges,
u) but they are held
Prot p⁺ 1 +1 Nuc together in the nucleus
2. Neutrons on leus by the strong nuclear
 Charge: Neutral (0) – no Neu n⁰ 1 0 Nuc force.
charge tron leus
 Mass: About 1 amu Ele e⁻ ~0 -1 Ele 2. Neutrons (n⁰): Stability and
(similar to a proton) ctro ctro Mass
 Location: Inside the n n  Neutrons have no charge
nucleus, alongside Clo and are also found in the
protons ud nucleus.
 They contribute to the
mass of an atom and help
Why This Matters stabilize the nucleus by
Understanding the properties of reducing the repulsive
subatomic particles helps force between protons.
students:  Atoms of the same
  Importance: Neutrons  Identify elements by element can have
add mass to the atom and their atomic number different numbers of
help stabilize the (number of protons). neutrons. These are
nucleus. Atoms of the  Explain how atoms form called isotopes. Some
same element can have ions or isotopes. isotopes are stable, while
different numbers of  Predict how atoms will others are radioactive.
neutrons, forming interact and bond in
isotopes. chemical reactions. 3. Electrons (e⁻): Chemical
 Understand the structure Behavior and Bonding
3. Electrons and behavior of matter at  Electrons are negatively
the atomic level. charged particles that
move in the electron
cloud around the
nucleus.
 They are responsible for
the chemical properties
of an atom.
 Electrons can be gained,
lost, or shared during
chemical reactions,
forming ions or chemical
bonds (like ionic or
 Charge: Negative (−) covalent bonds).
 Mass: Very small (about  Electrons are attracted to
1/1,840 of a proton’s the nucleus by the
mass – often considered electromagnetic force,
0 amu in basic models) which keeps them in
 Location: In the electron orbit despite their high
cloud that surrounds the energy.
nucleus
 Importance: Electrons How These Particles Work
are involved in chemical Together
reactions and bonding. In  The balance of protons
a neutral atom, the and electrons determines
number of electrons the overall charge of the
equals the number of atom. A neutral atom has
protons. an equal number of both.
 Neutrons help keep the
nucleus intact. Without
 them, atoms with
multiple protons would
fall apart.
 The arrangement of
electrons (in shells or
orbitals) determines how
atoms will interact, bond,
and form molecules.
 Together, these particles
form a stable, structured
How These Particles Interact system that can build all
The interaction of subatomic forms of matter in the
particles determines an atom’s universe.
overall properties:
Why This Matters
Charge Balance: In a neutral Understanding the interaction
atom, the number of electrons and significance of subatomic
equals the number of protons, so particles helps explain:
the positive and negative charges  Why elements have
cancel out. different properties.
 How atoms combine to
Mass Number: The total number form molecules.
of protons and neutrons gives the  The basis of electricity,
mass number of the atom. magnetism, and nuclear
energy.
Chemical Behavior: Electrons,  The behavior of matter
especially those in the outer shell in both physical and
(valence electrons), determine chemical changes.
how an atom reacts with other
atoms. Note: Just introduce the concept.
This will be further discussed on
Why This Matters Week-7.
Understanding the properties of
subatomic particles helps us: Key ideas:
1. Electrons are kept in orbit by
 Identify elements based their energy and the balance of
on the number of forces.
protons. 2. Balanced forces keep the atom
 Explain why certain stable; imbalance can make it
 atoms are heavier than unstable. 3. Without neutrons,
others. protons would repel each other,
 Predict how atoms will causing the nucleus to break
bond to form molecules. apart.
 Understand electricity 4. Nuclear forces keep protons
and magnetism, since and neutrons together, ensuring
electrons are involved in nucleus stability.
electric currents.
Note: Do not mention the word
Real-World Connections “isotope” yet. It will be discussed
Medical Imaging: Isotopes on Week-3.
(atoms with different numbers of
neutrons) are used in X-rays and
cancer treatment.

Electricity: The flow of electrons

through wires powers your home
and devices.

Chemistry: Every chemical

reaction—from baking cookies to
rusting metal—depends on how
atoms and electrons interact.

Conduct a guided practice where

students fill out a table of
subatomic particles' properties
(symbol, mass, charge, location).
For example:

Part Sy Ma Cha Loc

icle mb ss(a rge atio
ol mu n
Pro p+ 1 +1 Nu
ton cle
us
Ne N 1 0 Nu
utro cle
n us
 Ele e- ~0 -1 Ele
ctro ctro
n n
shel
l
E. Developing / Deepening For Activity 1, have students Activity #3: Role of Subatomic Activity #4: Investigatory Case Materials Needed: Models of
Understanding of Key draw their own models of a Particles and Atomic Stability Study – The Mystery of the atomic nuclei (choose any),
Idea/Stem carbon atom, labeling all Instructions: Read the following Unstable Atom marker, whiteboard or chart
subatomic particles. passage about the role of paper, and worksheets for
subatomic particles in atomic Instructions: notetaking
Fill in the following table with stability and chemical behavior. ▪ Read the case study:
the properties of subatomic Answer the questions that follow: - A mysterious atom has been Procedure:
particles: discovered, and it exhibits - Demonstration: Show models
Pa Sy Ma Ch Lo Passage: The arrangement of unusual instability. Your task is to of different atomic nuclei (e.g.,
rtic mb ss arg cat electrons in shells around the investigate and determine the helium, carbon, uranium) and
le ol (a e ion nucleus determines the chemical cause of this instability based on discuss their stability. Use the
mu properties of an element. its subatomic particles. Here are models to illustrate how protons
) Electrons in the outermost shell, the details of the atom: and neutrons are arranged in the
Pro called valence electrons, are - The atom has 8 protons, 10 nucleus.
ton involved in chemical reactions. neutrons, and 8 electrons.
Ne Protons in the nucleus determine - It has been observed to decay
utr the element’s identity, while rapidly, emitting particles and
on neutrons add mass and stability to energy.
Ele the nucleus. The balance of forces - Scientists suspect an imbalance
ctr between protons and electrons in the nucleus.
on keeps the atom stable.
▪ Analyze the information:
▪ Write the atomic number, Questions: - Compare the number of protons,
number of protons, neutrons, 1. Why are valence electrons neutrons, and electrons.
and electrons of the following important for chemical reactions? - Identify the element based on
elements 2. How do protons determine the the number of protons. Image Source: https://nuclear-
identity of an element? - Consider the stability of the energy.net/atom
Ele At Pro Ne Ele 3. What role do neutrons play in nucleus based on the neutron-to-
me om ton utr ctr the stability of the nucleus? proton ratio. Group Activity: Divide students
nt ic s ons ons into small groups and provide
Nu Extension Activity (Optional) Complete the table: each group with different nucleus
m - Research Assignment: Write a Pa Sy C M Lo N models Instruct each group to
be short report on a historical figure rti m ha as ca u analyze the model, noting the
r in atomic theory, such as cle bo rg s tio m number of protons and neutrons.
Car Rutherford or Bohr. Describe l e (a n be Have each group discuss and
 bon their key discoveries and how m r record their observations about
Ma these discoveries advanced our u) the stability of the nucleus based
gne understanding of atomic structure. Pr on the arrangement of protons and
siu ot neutrons.
m on
Lith Ne Comparison and Contrast:
ium utr Bring the class together and have
on each group present their findings.
Answer the following El Compare and contrast the roles of
questions: ect protons and neutrons in
 How do the number of ro maintaining the nucleus’ stability.
protons, neutrons, and n Discuss how an imbalance (too
electrons define the many or too few neutrons) can
properties of an Guide Questions: affect the nucleus’s stability
element? 1. What element is this atom, and
how did you identify it? Discussion on Imbalanced
2. Calculate the neutron-to-proton Forces: Discussion on
 Why is the location of
ratio. Is this ratio within the range Imbalanced Forces: Discuss the
protons, neutrons, and implications of imbalanced forces
typically found in stable atoms?
electrons wthin an atom within the nucleus, such as why
3. Based on your analysis, what
important for its might be causing the instability in certain nuclei are radioactive and
stability? this atom? tend to decay. Use visual aids to
show examples of stable and
 How do the charges of Research and Report: unstable nuclei and explain the
subatomic particles - Choose a real-world example of concept of nuclear stability.
contribute to the overall an unstable atom (e.g., Carbon- Reflection Question: “Why are
charge of an atom? 14, Uranium-238). neutrons important for the
stability of the nucleus?”
Follow this with Activity 2: Research the properties of this
Subatomic Particle Poster atom, including its neutron-to- Research Assignment: Assign a
Presentation. Follow the proton ratio, decay process, and
guidelines: applications in science. Complete
the research worksheet:
Instructions: Re Pr Ne Ne Ty Ap
Write a brief explanation (3-5 al- ot utr utr pe pli
sentences) of how atoms are wo on on on of cat short research task where students
composed. rld s s - De io investigate real-world examples
__________________________ Un to- ca n of nuclear stability, such as why
__________________________ sta Pr y certain elements are used in
__________________________ ble ot nuclear reactors and others are
not.
__________________________ At on
__________________________ o Ra
__________________________ m tio
______ n

▪ Answer the following

questions based on your
reading and understanding:
1. Which is larger, a proton or
an electron?
2. Which is larger, a neutron or Write a short report comparing
an electron? your chosen unstable atom to the
3. What are the charges for each investigatory case study atom.
of the three subatomic particles? Discuss the similarities and
4. Where is most of the mass of differences in their instability and
an atom located? the implications for their use in
scientific applications.
▪ Using the drawing paper and
colored pencils, sketch a Guide Questions:
diagram of a boron atom, which 1. What similarities do you notice
has five protons and six neutrons between the case study atom and
in its nucleus. Label the protons, the real-world unstable atom you
neutrons, and electrons. researched?
2. How does the neutron-to-
proton ratio affect the stability of
both atoms?
3. What are some practical
applications of unstable atoms in
science and industry?

Final Reporting:
- Prepare a brief presentation
summarizing your research and
analysis from Activities 1 and 2.
Follow Materials Needed: - Use visual aids (e.g., diagrams,
Bond paper, markers/pens, and charts) to support your
reference materials (textbooks or presentation.
class notes) - Present your findings to the
class, highlighting key points and
Procedure: answering any questions from
Group Assignment: Divide the your peers.
class into three groups. Assign
each group one type of
subatomic particle (protons,
neutrons, or electrons)
Research and Preparation:
Each group will create a poster
about their assigned particle.
The poster should include:
- The particle’s charge (positive,
negative, or neutral)
- The particle’s relative mass
- The particle’s location within
the atom
- The particle’s role/function in
the atom
- Any interesting facts or
historical information about the
particle

 Poster Creation:
Allow groups time to
research, design, and
create their posters
using class notes and
textbooks.
 Presentation: Have
each group present their
poster to the class,
explaining the
information they
included and why it is
important. Encourage
other students to ask
questions and provide
feedback after each
presentation.
 Class Discussion:
After all presentations,
facilitate a class
 discussion comparing
the three types of
subatomic particles.
Then, alongside the
students, summarize
key points on the board,
such as the differences
in charge, mass,
location, and function.
 Reflection: Have
students individually
write a short reflection
on what they learned
about subatomic
particles from the
activity. Prompt them
to include how the
particles differ and why
these differences are
significant.

See Learning Activity Sheet:

Activity #1: Completing the
Table of Subatomic Particles &

See Learning Activity Sheet:

Activity #2: Understanding
Atomic Structure

Activity 2 Assessment: -
Evaluate the posters based on
accuracy, creativity, and
completeness. - Assess group
presentations on clarity and how
well they communicated the
information. - Collect and
review student reflections to
gauge their understanding of
subatomic particles.
After the Lesson/Post-lesson Proper
F. Making Generalizations Worksheet Prompt students to write a
Synthesis/Extended summary of the structure of an
What you have learned In a one sheet of paper write something you understand about the lesson we atom and the properties of
discussed today subatomic particles. Discuss key
points as a class, reinforcing the
importance of each subatomic
particle.

Summary:
Structure of an Atom: The atom is
composed of a central nucleus
and surrounding electron shells.
The nucleus, located at the center
of the atom, contains protons and
neutrons. Electron shells surround
the nucleus and contain electrons
that orbit the nucleus.

Properties of Subatomic
Particles: Protons, which are
positively charged (+1), reside in
the nucleus and determine the
atomic number and identity of the
element. Neutrons, which have no
charge (0), are also located in the
nucleus and contribute to the
atomic mass and stability of the
nucleus. Electrons, negatively
charged (-1), orbit the nucleus in
electron shells and play a crucial
role in chemical reactions and
bonding.

Significance of Arrangement: The

arrangement of these subatomic
particles is significant for the
stability and behavior of the atom.
The stability of the nucleus is
maintained by nuclear forces that
 hold protons and neutrons
together, with neutrons preventing
the repulsion between protons.
The configuration of electrons in
different shells determines the
chemical properties and reactivity
of the element. Valence electrons,
or the electrons in the outermost
shell, are particularly important
for chemical bonding.

Reflection on Learning
Ask students to reflect on how
understanding the atom's structure
helps in comprehending broader
chemistry concepts. Encourage
self-assessment by asking, "What
new information did I learn today
about the atom?" and set personal
goals for mastering atomic
structure concepts.

G. Evaluating Learning 1. What is the center of the Directions: Directions: Directions: Choose the best Directions: Choose the letter
atom called? Choose the best answer for each Read each question carefully and answer from the choices given. of the correct answer. Write
A) Electron question. Circle or mark the choose the best answer by Write the letter of your answer. your answer on the space
B) Nucleus correct letter. selecting the letter of the correct 1. Which subatomic particle is provided.
C) Proton 1. Which subatomic particle has option. responsible for the identity of 1. What is found at the
D) Neutron a positive charge? an element? center of an atom?
A) Electron 1. Which subatomic particle has A. Neutron A. Electron shell
2. Which subatomic particle B) Neutron a positive charge? B. Electron B. Nucleus
has a negative charge? C) Proton A) Electron C. Proton C. Proton cloud
A) Proton D) Atom B) Neutron D. Positron D. Energy level
B) Neutron 2. Where are electrons found in C) Proton 2. Which subatomic particle 2. What particles are found
C) Electron an atom? D) Nucleus carries a negative charge? in the nucleus of an atom?
D) Atom A) In the nucleus 2. What is the symbol for a A. Proton A. Electrons
B) In the neutron zone neutron? B. Electron B. Protons and electrons
3. Protons are found in the: C) In the electron cloud A) p⁺ C. Neutron C. Neutrons and electrons
A) Electron cloud D) In the proton field B) e⁻ D. Neutrino D. Protons and neutrons
B) Nucleus 3. What is the charge of a C) n⁰ 3. What is the charge of a 3. Where are electrons
C) Outer shell neutron? D) n⁻ neutron? located in an atom?
D) Orbital path A) Positive 3. Which particle is found A. Positive A. Inside the nucleus
 B) Negative outside the nucleus in the B. Negative B. On the neutron ring
4. Which particle has no C) Neutral electron cloud? C. Neutral C. In the electron shells
electrical charge? D) It changes A) Proton D. Depends on the atom surrounding the nucleus
A) Proton 4. Which particle has almost no B) Neutron 4. Which particles are found in D. Attached to protons
B) Electron mass? C) Electron the nucleus of an atom? 4. Which part of the atom is
C) Neutron A) Proton D) Atom A. Electrons only responsible for its chemical
D) Ion B) Neutron 4. What is the relative mass of a B. Protons only behavior?
C) Electron proton? C. Protons and neutrons A. Nucleus
5. What determines the atomic D) Nucleus A) 0 amu D. Neutrons and electrons B. Neutrons
number of an element? 5. The nucleus of an atom B) 1 amu 5. What subatomic particle is C. Electrons
A) Number of electrons contains: C) 2 amu involved in chemical bonding? D. Protons
B) Number of neutrons A) Protons and electrons D) 1,840 amu A. Neutron 5. What determines the
C) Number of protons B) Electrons and neutrons 5. Which two particles are B. Proton number of electron shells in
D) Total mass C) Protons and neutrons found in the nucleus? C. Electron an atom?
D) Only protons A) Protons and electrons D. Quark A. Atomic mass
6. Electrons are located in the: 6. What does the atomic B) Neutrons and electrons 6. Which subatomic particle B. Number of neutrons
A) Nucleus number of an element tell you? C) Protons and neutrons determines the isotope of an C. Period number on the
B) Proton shell A) Number of neutrons D) Electrons and quarks element? periodic table
C) Electron cloud B) Number of protons 5. Which two particles are A. Proton D. Group number on the
D) Core C) Number of atoms found in the nucleus? B. Neutron periodic table
7. The mass number of an D) Number of electrons in all A) Protons and electrons C. Electron 6. What is the charge of a
atom is the total number of: atoms B) Neutrons and electrons D. Positron proton?
A) Protons and electrons 7. Which subatomic particle C) Protons and neutrons 7. What force holds protons and A. Negative
B) Neutrons and electrons determines the identity of an D) Electrons and quarks neutrons together in the B. Neutral
C) Protons and neutrons element? 6. What is the charge of an nucleus? C. Positive
D) Protons only A) Electron electron? A. Gravitational force D. No charge
B) Neutron A) +1 B. Electromagnetic force 7. What is the mass of a
8. Which of these is the lightest C) Proton B) –1 C. Weak nuclear force neutron compared to a
subatomic particle? D) Nucleus C) 0 D. Strong nuclear force proton?
A) Proton 8. If an atom is neutral, the D) +2 8. Which subatomic particle has A. Much greater
B) Neutron number of electrons is equal to 7. Which particle has no the least mass? B. Slightly more
C) Electron the number of: charge? A. Proton C. Equal
D) Nucleus A) Neutrons A) Electron B. Neutron D. Much less
B) Protons B) Neutron C. Electron 8. Which subatomic particle
9. If an atom has 6 protons, 6 C) Ions C) Proton D. They all have equal mass has no charge?
neutrons, and 6 electrons, its D) Nuclei D) Nucleus 9. Why don’t electrons fall into A. Proton
mass number is: 9. What is the relative mass of a 8. Which of the following has the nucleus despite their B. Neutron
A) 6 proton? the least mass? attraction to protons? C. Electron
B) 12 A) 0 A) Proton A. Electrons are repelled by D. Nucleus
C) 18 B) 1 B) Neutron protons 9. Which subatomic particle
D) 0 C) 2 C) Electron B. Electrons are too heavy is the lightest?
 D) 3 D) All have the same mass C. Electrons have wave-like A. Proton
10. What does the electron 10. Which particle is 8. Which of the following has behavior and occupy orbitals B. Neutron
cloud model describe? responsible for bonding and the least mass? D. Neutrons prevent this from C. Electron
A) The path electrons take in chemical reactions? A) Proton happening D. Quark
circles A) Proton B) Neutron 10. What is the significance of 10. How many electrons can
B) How protons are arranged B) Electron C) Electron subatomic particles in nuclear the first shell of an atom
C) A region where electrons are C) Neutron D) All have the same mass reactions? hold?
likely to be found D) Nucleus 9. What determines the identity A. Only protons react A. 1
D) A cloud made of neutrons of an element? B. Electrons drive all nuclear B. 2
ANSWER: A) Number of neutrons changes C. 4
ANSWER: 1.C B) Number of electrons C. Neutrons can initiate fission D. 8
1.B 2.C C) Number of protons and fusion reactions 11. What particle
2.C 3.C D) Number of atoms D. Subatomic particles are not determines the atomic
3.B 4.C 10. What is the correct symbol involved number of an element?
4.C 5.C for an electron? A. Electron
5.C 6.B A) e⁻ ANSWER: B. Neutron
6.C 7.C B) p⁺ 1.C C. Proton
7.C 8.B C) n⁰ 2.B D. Nucleus
8.C 9.B D) E⁺ 3.C 12. Which of the following is
9.B 10.B 4.C true about electrons?
10.C ANSWER: 5.C A. They are located in the
1.C 6.B nucleus
2.C 7.D B. They are positively
3.C 8.C charged
4.B 9.C C. They orbit the nucleus
5.C 10.C D. They are heavier than
6.B neutrons
7.B 13. What holds electrons in
8.C their shells around the
9.C nucleus?
10.A A. Neutron repulsion
B. Gravitational force
C. Electromagnetic attraction
to protons
D. Strong nuclear force
14. What causes atoms of
the same element to have
different masses?
A. Different number of
electrons
B. Different number of
protons
C. Different number of
neutrons
D. Different number of nuclei
15. Which force binds
protons and neutrons
together in the nucleus?
A. Gravitational force
B. Weak nuclear force
C. Electromagnetic force
D. Strong nuclear force
16. Which subatomic
particle plays the most
significant role in chemical
bonding?
A. Neutron
B. Proton
C. Electron
D. Positron
17. How does the
arrangement of electrons
affect an atom?
A. It changes its nuclear size
B. It determines its chemical
reactivity
C. It affects its color
D. It increases its mass
18. Why do atoms form
ions?
A. To gain more protons
B. To change their atomic
number
C. To achieve a stable
electron configuration
D. To increase their size
19. Which is true about a
neutral atom?
A. It has more electrons than
protons
B. It has no neutrons
C. It has equal numbers of
 protons and electrons
D. It has more protons than
neutrons
20. The atomic mass of an
element is mainly due to the
mass of:
A. Electrons
B. Neutrons and protons
C. Protons only
D. Electrons and neutrons

ANSWER:
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.C
5.C
6.C
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.B
11.C
12.C
13.C
14.C
15.D
16.C
17.B
18.C
19.C
20.B
H. Additional Activities for
Application or
Remediation (if
applicable)
I. TEACHER’S
REFLECTION
A. No.of learners who earned 80%
in the evaluation.
B. No.of learners who require
additional activities for remediation
who scored below 80%.
C. Did the remedial lessons work?
No.of learners who have caught up
with the lesson.
D. No.of learners who continue to
require remediation

E. Which of my teaching
strategiesworked well?Why did
these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter
which my principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover which I
wish to share with other teachers?

Prepared by: Inspected by:

MARY ANN T. HERNANDEZ MARTINIANO D. BUISING

Teacher I Principal II