1

MISHRA CLASSES
TENSE
●​ Tense is the grammatical form of a verb that expresses the time of action or
event.

It tells when an action takes place — in the present (now), past (before), or future (after).

📌 In simple terms:

R
Tense = Time + Action

The form of the verb changes depending on the time of the action.

2. Importance of Tense in Grammar

SI
Tense is one of the most important pillars of English grammar because:

1. It tells when something happens.

IT
Example:

●​ "She eats." → Habit

H

●​ "She is eating." → Right now

●​ "She ate." → Before​
O

2. It helps in clear communication.

Without tense, the sentence would be confusing.

R

Example (without tense):

●​ “I go market yesterday.” ❌​
✅ Correct (with proper tense):
●​ “I went to the market yesterday.”​
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3. It is used in every sentence of speaking and writing.

Whether you're telling a story, giving an instruction, or talking about your day — tense is
always needed.

3. Difference Between Tense and Time

Term Meaning Example

Time Actual moment of action Morning, evening, yesterday

(past/present/future)

R
Tense Grammar tool to express that time go, went, will go

SI
Time is real, but tense is grammatical.​
They are connected, but not the same.

4. Hindi Explanation (हिंदी में समझिए)

—- Tense क्या होता है ?
IT
Tense अंग्रेजी व्याकरण का एक ऐसा हिस्सा है जो हमें यह बताता है कि कोई कार्य कब हुआ —​
वर्तमान में (Present), भत
ू काल में (Past), या भविष्य में (Future)।
H

उदाहरण:

●​ I eat food. → मैं खाना खाता हूँ। (Present)

●​ I ate food. → मैंने खाना खाया। (Past)
O

●​ I will eat food. → मैं खाना खाऊँगा। (Future)​

सरल परिभाषा:
R

Tense वह तरीका है जिससे क्रिया (Verb) के रूप को दे खकर यह समझा जा सकता है कि कार्य
किस समय हुआ।

Types of Tenses
1. Overview of the 3 Main Tenses
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In
Tense Usage (English) Usage (Hindi)
Type

Present Action happening now or regularly जो काम अभी हो रहा है या रोज़ होता है

Past Action that happened in the past जो काम पहले हो चक

ु ा है

Future Action that will happen in the future जो काम आगे होगा

English grammar, Tense is divided into three main categories based on the time of the action:

R
2. Introduction to Aspects (Forms of Action)

SI
Each of the three tenses is further divided into four aspects, which explain how the action is
happening over time.

Aspect Meaning (English) Hindi Explanation

Simple A general or repeated action सामान्य या बार-बार होने वाला कार्य

IT
Continuous Action happening at the moment जो काम उस समय चल रहा है

Perfect Action that has been completed जो काम परू ा हो चक

ु ा है
H

Perfect Action that started in the past and is जो पहले शरू

ु हुआ और अभी भी चल
Continuous still continuing रहा है
O
R

3. 12 Tenses at a Glance (Full Tense Chart)

Tense Name Structure (Formula) Example Sentence (English + Hindi)

PRESENT TENSE

1. Present Simple Subject + V1 I play. → मैं खेलता हूँ।

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2. Present Subject + is/am/are + V1 + She is singing. → वह गा रही है ।

Continuous ing

3. Present Perfect Subject + has/have + V3 We have eaten. → हमने खा लिया है ।

4. Present Perfect Subject + has/have been + He has been reading for 2 hours. → वह
Continuous V1 + ing + since/for दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा है ।

PAST TENSE

5. Past Simple Subject + V2 I went. → मैं गया।

6. Past Continuous Subject + was/were + V1 + They were playing. → वे खेल रहे थे।

R
ing

7. Past Perfect Subject + had + V3 She had left. → वह जा चक

ु ी थी।

SI
8. Past Perfect Subject + had been + V1 + I had been studying since morning. →
Continuous ing + since/for मैं सब
ु ह से पढ़ रहा था।

FUTURE TENSE

9. Future Simple Subject + will/shall + V1 He will come. → वह आएगा।

IT
10. Future Subject + will be + V1 + ing I will be working. → मैं काम कर रहा
Continuous होऊँगा।

11. Future Perfect Subject + will have + V3 They will have gone. → वे जा चक
ु े होंगे।
H

12. Future Perfect Subject + will have been + She will have been sleeping for hours.
Continuous V1 + ing + since/for → वह कई घंटों से सो रही होगी।
O

Helping Verb Usage Chart (Singular vs

R

Plural)
Tense/Aspect Helping Verb(s) Helping Verb(s) for Example Example
for Singular Plural (Singular) (Plural)

Present does (with do (with He does They do

Simple He/She/It) I/We/You/They) homework. homework.

Present is (He/She/It), am are (We/You/They) She is We are

Continuous (I) reading. reading.
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Present has (He/She/It) have He has eaten. You have

Perfect (I/We/You/They) eaten.

Present has been have been She has been We have been
Perfect Cont. (He/She/It) (I/We/You/They) singing. singing.

Past Simple No helping verb No helping verb He went. They went.

(just V2 form)

Past was (I/He/She/It) were (We/You/They) I was playing. They were

Continuous playing.

Past Perfect had (same for had (same for both) He had left. We had left.
both)

R
Past Perfect had been (same had been (same for She had been They had been
Cont. for both) both) cooking. cooking.

SI
Future Simple will or shall will or shall (same He will come. We will come.
(same for all for all subjects)
subjects)

Future will be (same for will be (same for all I will be They will be
Continuous all subjects) subjects) working. working.
IT
Future Perfect will have (same will have (same for She will have You will have
for all subjects) all subjects) arrived. arrived.

Future Perfect will have been will have been He will have They will have
H

Cont. (same for all (same for all been reading. been reading.
subjects) subjects)
O

Present Tense (All 4 Forms)

R

1. Present Simple Tense

Structure:

●​ Affirmative: Subject + V1 (+ s/es for He/She/It) + object

●​ Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 + object
●​ Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + V1 + object + ?

Use:
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●​ Daily routines or habits​

●​ Universal truths and facts

●​ Fixed events or schedules
●​ Instructions or directions

Examples:

●​ She goes to school. (वह स्कूल जाती है ।)

●​ I do not like tea. (मझ
ु े चाय पसंद नहीं है ।)
●​ Does he play cricket? (क्या वह क्रिकेट खेलता है ?)

Common Errors:

R
❌ He go to school.​
✅ He goes to school. (Add s with He/She/It)
●​

2. Present Continuous Tense

Structure:
SI
●​ Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object
IT
●​ Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + object
●​ Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + subject + V1 + ing + object + ?

Use:
H

●​ Actions happening right now

●​ Temporary situations
●​ Future plans (with time expression)
O

Examples:

●​ I am studying English. (मैं अंग्रेजी पढ़ रहा हूँ।)

R

●​ She is not cooking dinner. (वह खाना नहीं पका रही है ।)

●​ Are they coming today? (क्या वे आज आ रहे हैं?)

❗ Common Errors:
❌ She cooking now.​
✅ She is cooking now. (Helping verb is necessary)
●​

3. Present Perfect Tense

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✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 + object
❌ Negative: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + object
●​

❓ Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + V3 + object + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:
●​ Action just completed
●​ Life experiences (without time mention)
●​ Past actions with present results

🧪 Examples:

R
●​ I have finished my work. (मैंने अपना काम खत्म कर लिया है ।)
●​ He has not eaten yet. (उसने अभी तक नहीं खाया है ।)
●​ Have you ever visited Delhi? (क्या तम
ु कभी दिल्ली गए हो?)

❗ Common Errors:
●​ ❌ I have eat lunch.​ SI
✅ I have eaten lunch. (Use V3 form in perfect tense)
IT
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
✅ Structure:
H

●​ ✅ Affirmative: Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing + since/for + time​

❌ Negative: Subject + has/have not been + V1 + ing + since/for
❓ Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + been + V1 + ing + since/for + ?
●​
O

●​

📌 Use:
R

●​ Action started in the past and still continuing

●​ Focus on duration (since/for)

🧪 Examples:
●​ She has been reading for two hours. (वह दो घंटे से पढ़ रही है ।)
●​ They have not been working since Monday. (वे सोमवार से काम नहीं कर रहे हैं।)
●​ Have you been waiting for long? (क्या तम
ु बहुत दे र से इंतज़ार कर रहे हो?)​
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❗ Common Errors:
❌ He has been works since morning.​
✅ He has been working since morning. (Use V1 + ing)​
●​

Memory Trick to Remember All 4 Present Tenses:

Tense Name Trick Line (Hindi)

Present Simple "हर दिन होता है ये काम" (daily routine)

Present Continuous "अभी चल रहा है काम" (happening now)

R
Present Perfect "अभी अभी परू ा हुआ काम" (recently completed)

Present Perfect "पहले से चल रहा है अब तक" (still continuing)

SI
Cont.

Quick Summary Table:

IT
Tense Structure Example Hindi Translation

Present Simple Subject + V1 (+s/es) She plays. वह खेलती है ।

मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ।

H

Present Continuous Subject + is/am/are + V1 I am reading.

+ ing

Present Perfect Subject + has/have + V3 They have come. वे आ चक

ु े हैं।
O

Present Perfect Subject + has/have been He has been running वह पाँच बजे से दौड़ रहा
Continuous + V1 + ing since 5. है ।
R

Past Tense (All 4 Forms)

1. Past Simple Tense

✅ Structure:
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✅ Affirmative: Subject + V2 + object

❌ Negative: Subject + did not + V1 + object
●​

❓ Interrogative: Did + subject + V1 + object + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:
●​ Completed actions in the past
●​ Specific time in the past (yesterday, last year, etc.)
●​ Short stories or past events

🧪 Examples:
●​ She visited the doctor yesterday. (वह कल डॉक्टर के पास गई।)

R
●​ They did not play football. (उन्होंने फुटबॉल नहीं खेला।)
●​ Did you see that movie? (क्या तम ु ने वह फिल्म दे खी?)

❗ Common Errors:
●​ ❌ He did not went there.​
SI
✅ He did not go there. (❗Use V1 after "did not")
2. Past Continuous Tense
IT
✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + object
❌ Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing
●​
H

❓ Interrogative: Was/Were + subject + V1 + ing + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:
O

●​ Action happening at a particular time in the past

●​ Two or more parallel past actions
●​ Interrupted past actions
R

🧪 Examples:
●​ I was reading a book at 9 PM. (मैं रात 9 बजे किताब पढ़ रहा था।)
●​ They were not watching TV. (वे टीवी नहीं दे ख रहे थे।)
●​ Were you sleeping when I called? (क्या तम ु सो रहे थे जब मैंने कॉल किया?)​

❗ Common Errors:
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❌ We was eating dinner.​

✅ We were eating dinner. (❗ Use was/were correctly)​
●​

3. Past Perfect Tense

✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 + object
❌ Negative: Subject + had not + V3 + object
●​

❓ Interrogative: Had + subject + V3 + object + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:

R
●​ Action completed before another action in the past
●​ Used with already, before, after, just, when, by the time

🧪 Examples:
SI
●​ She had left before I arrived. (मेरे पहुँचने से पहले वह जा चक
●​ They had not eaten anything. (उन्होंने कुछ भी नहीं खाया था।)
●​ Had he gone to school? (क्या वह स्कूल गया था?)
ु ी थी।)
IT
❗ Common Errors:
❌ I had ate dinner.​
✅ I had eaten dinner. (❗ Use V3 form)
●​
H

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

O

✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + had been + V1 + ing + since/for + time
❌ Negative: Subject + had not been + V1 + ing
●​
R

❓ Interrogative: Had + subject + been + V1 + ing + since/for + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:
●​ Action that started in the past and continued up to a point in the past
●​ Focus on duration (like 2 hours, since morning)​

🧪 Examples:
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●​ He had been working since morning. (वह सब ु ह से काम कर रहा था।)

●​ I had not been sleeping well for a week. (मैं एक हफ्ते से ठीक से नहीं सो रहा था।)
●​ Had they been living here for long? (क्या वे लंबे समय से यहाँ रह रहे थे?)

❗ Common Errors:
❌ She had been studies since morning.​
✅ She had been studying since morning. (❗ Use V1 + ing)​
●​

Memory Trick to Remember All 4 Past Tenses:

R
Tense Name Hindi Trick Line

"जो काम बीत गया"

SI
Past Simple

Past Continuous "उस समय चल रहा था"

Past Perfect "पहले ही हो चक

ु ा था"

Past Perfect "पहले से चल रहा था"

IT
Continuous

📝 Quick Summary Table:

H

Tense Structure Example Hindi Meaning

O

Past Simple Subject + V2 She danced. उसने नत्ृ य किया।

Past Continuous Subject + was/were + I was reading. मैं पढ़ रहा था।
V1 + ing
R

Past Perfect Subject + had + V3 He had gone. वह जा चक

ु ा था।

Past Perfect Subject + had been + V1 They had been studying वे 5 बजे से पढ़ रहे
Continuous + ing since 5. थे।

Future Tense (All 4 Forms)

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1. Future Simple Tense (Indefinite)

✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + will/shall + V1 + object
❌ Negative: Subject + will/shall + not + V1 + object
●​

❓ Interrogative: Will/Shall + subject + V1 + object + ?

●​
●​

🔹 Note: Use shall traditionally with I/We, but will is now common with all subjects.
📌 Use:

R
●​ Actions that will happen in the future
●​ Promises, predictions, plans, offers

🧪 Examples:
●​ He will come tomorrow. (वह कल आएगा।)
●​ I will not forget this. (मैं इसे नहीं भल

SI
ू ँग
ू ा।)
●​ Will they attend the meeting? (क्या वे मीटिंग में शामिल होंगे?)

❗ Common Errors:
IT
❌ He will comes.​
✅ He will come. (❗ Use V1 only after "will/shall")​
●​
H

2. Future Continuous Tense

O

✅ Structure:
✅ Affirmative: Subject + will be + V1 + ing + object
R

❌ Negative: Subject + will not be + V1 + ing + object

●​

❓ Interrogative: Will + subject + be + V1 + ing + object + ?​

●​
●​

📌 Use:
●​ Action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future
●​ Future background actions
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🧪 Examples:
●​ I will be waiting at the station. (मैं स्टे शन पर इंतजार कर रहा होऊँगा।)
●​ She will not be watching the show. (वह शो नहीं दे ख रही होगी।)
●​ Will they be working at 10 AM? (क्या वे सब ु ह 10 बजे काम कर रहे होंगे?)

❗ Common Errors:
❌ They will be watch TV.​
✅ They will be watching TV. (Use V1 + ing)​
●​

R
3. Future Perfect Tense
✅ Structure:
●​
●​
●​

📌 Use:
SI
✅ Affirmative: Subject + will have + V3 + object
❌ Negative: Subject + will not have + V3 + object
❓ Interrogative: Will + subject + have + V3 + object + ?
IT
●​ Action that will be completed before a specific time or event in the future

🧪 Examples:
H

●​ He will have finished his work by 5 PM. (वह अपना काम 5 बजे तक खत्म कर चक ु ा होगा।)
●​ I will not have reached by then. (मैं तब तक नहीं पहुँचा होऊँगा।)
O

●​ Will she have completed the project? (क्या वह प्रोजेक्ट परू ा कर चक

ु ी होगी?)

❗ Common Errors:
❌ I will have went home.​
R

✅ I will have gone home. (Use V3)​

●​

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

✅ Structure:
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✅ Affirmative: Subject + will have been + V1 + ing + since/for + time

❌ Negative: Subject + will not have been + V1 + ing + since/for
●​

❓ Interrogative: Will + subject + have been + V1 + ing + since/for + ?

●​
●​

📌 Use:
●​ Ongoing action that started in the past and will be continuing up to a point in future
●​ Focus on duration of future action

🧪 Examples:
●​ They will have been studying for 5 hours. (वे 5 घंटे से पढ़ रहे होंगे।)
●​ She will not have been working since morning. (वह सब ु ह से काम नहीं कर रही होगी।)

R
●​ Will he have been living here for 10 years? (क्या वह यहाँ 10 साल से रह रहा होगा?)

Common Errors:

❌ I will have been work since morning.​

SI
✅ I will have been working since morning. (Use V1 + ing)
●​
IT
Remember All 4 Future Tenses:
Tense Name Hindi Trick Line

Future Simple "आगे होगा ये काम"

H

Future Continuous "आगे चल रहा होगा काम"

Future Perfect "आगे तक काम परू ा हो चक

ु ा होगा"
O

Future Perfect "काफी समय से काम जारी रहे गा भविष्य में "
Continuous
R

Quick Summary Table:

Tense Structure Example Hindi Meaning

Future Simple Subject + will/shall + I will go. मैं जाऊँगा।

V1
15

Future Continuous Subject + will be + V1 She will be reading. वह पढ़ रही होगी।
+ ing

Future Perfect Subject + will have + They will have arrived. वे पहुँच चक
ु े होंगे।
V3

Future Perfect Subject + will have He will have been वह 3 घंटे से काम कर
Continuous been + V1 + ing working for 3 hours. रहा होगा।

Tense Comparison

R
Why Tense Comparison is Important

●​ Simple vs Continuous
●​ Perfect vs Perfect Continuous
SI
Many learners get confused between similar tenses — especially between:

●​ Past vs Present tenses in similar context​

IT
when to use which tense, based on meaning, time focus, and structure.
H

1. Comparison Table: Present Perfect vs Present Perfect

Continuous
O

Feature Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Structure Subject + has/have + V3 Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing

R

Focus Result or completion Duration or ongoing nature of action

Time Expressions Just, already, yet, ever, Since, for

never

Action Type Finished or recently finished Started in the past, still continuing

Example I have read the book. I have been reading the book for 2
hours.
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Hindi मैंने किताब पढ़ ली है । मैं दो घंटे से किताब पढ़ रहा हूँ।

2. Simple vs Continuous (All Tenses)

A. Present Simple vs Present Continuous
Present Simple Present Continuous

Routine or permanent fact Action happening now

I play cricket. (मैं क्रिकेट खेलता हूँ।) I am playing cricket. (मैं क्रिकेट खेल रहा हूँ।)

R
B. Past Simple vs Past Continuous

past
Past Simple

Completed action in the

I watched TV.
SI
Past Continuous

Ongoing action in the

past

I was watching TV.

IT
C. Future Simple vs Future Continuous
H

Future Simple Future Continuous

One-time action in future Action that will be ongoing in future

O

I will sleep at 10 PM. I will be sleeping at 10 PM.

3. Perfect vs Perfect Continuous (All Tenses)

R

A. Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

Focus on completed action Focus on how long something was happening

I had eaten before they I had been eating for 20 minutes before they
came. came.
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B. Future Perfect vs Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

Action will be completed before a point in Action will be continuing until that point
future

I will have finished the book by 8 PM. I will have been reading the book for 3 hours by
8 PM.

R
4. Tense Usage Overview Table
Tense Type Usage Example Time Focus

SI
Present Simple I eat breakfast at 8. Regular/Habitual

Present Continuous I am eating now. Now

Present Perfect I have eaten already. Result

IT
Present Perfect Cont. I have been eating for 30 mins. Duration (till now)

Past Simple I watched a movie yesterday. Completed Past

Past Continuous I was watching a movie at 8. Action in Progress (Past)

H

Past Perfect I had watched the movie before 10. Past of Past

Past Perfect I had been watching the movie since 7. Past Duration
Continuous
O

Future Simple I will go to Delhi. Future Plan

Future Continuous I will be going to Delhi at 5. Future Action in

R

Progress

Future Perfect I will have reached by 8. Future Completion

Future Perfect Cont. I will have been waiting for 1 hour by 8. Future Duration

5. Tense Timeline Charts

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A. Present Tense Timeline

|---------|-----------|------------->
Habit Now Ongoing Still Going
(Simple) (Cont.) (Perfect/Cont.)

B. Past Tense Timeline

|----------|----------|---------------->
Earlier Past Past Action Result or Duration
(Perfect) (Simple/Cont.) (Perfect Cont.)

R
C. Future Tense Timeline
|----------------|------------------->

SI
Future Plan Completion / Duration
(Simple/Cont.) (Perfect/Perfect Cont.)

Common Tense Mistakes

IT
1. Tense Confusion in Speaking
H

In casual or fast speaking, learners often mix tenses incorrectly. This leads to grammar
breakdown, especially in storytelling, daily conversation, or narration.
O

Examples of Wrong Sentences:

❌ Incorrect Sentence ✅ Correct Sentence
He go to school every He goes to school every
R

day. day.

I am know the answer. I know the answer.

She was goes to market. She was going to the

market.

They did not went there. They did not go there.

He has eat lunch. He has eaten lunch.

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Common Reasons:

●​ Confusing V1/V2/V3
●​ Using present form in past context
●​ Omitting helping verbs (am/is/are/was/were)
●​ Overusing "ing" unnecessarily

2. Common Errors by Indian Learners

🧠 Error 1: Using Present Simple instead of Present Perfect
❌ I am living here since 2010.​
✅ I have been living here since 2010.

R
Why it happens: Confusing Hindi translation like "मैं 2010 से रह रहा हूँ" with Present Continuous.

🧠 Error 2: Double past usage with "did"

❌ He did not went to school.​
✅ He did not go to school. SI
IT
Why: Learners forget that "did" is already past – so verb stays in V1.

🧠 Error 3: Present tense used in past story

H

❌ Yesterday I wake up, brush my teeth and go to college.​

✅ Yesterday I woke up, brushed my teeth and went to college.
O

Why: They speak in present out of habit, even while narrating past events.
R

🧠 Error 4: Wrong helping verb with subject

❌ He don’t like tea.​
✅ He doesn’t like tea.
Why: Learners confuse "do/does" usage with "he/she/it".
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✍️ 3. Tense Shifts in Writing (Unintentional Changes)

Often in essays, letters, and stories, students shift tenses mid-sentence or mid-paragraph —
confusing the timeline.

🔻 Example of Tense Shift Error:

❌ I saw a snake and run away quickly.​
✅ I saw a snake and ran away quickly. (Keep tense consistent)
❌ He was eating, and then he goes to school.​
✅ He was eating, and then he went to school.

R
✅ How to Fix Tense Shifts:

SI
●​ Decide the time frame (Past, Present, or Future) before writing​

●​ Maintain same tense throughout unless intentionally shifting​

●​ Use timeline verbs logically (past action ➝ past verb)​

IT
📝 Practice: Identify the Errors
H

🔹 Try correcting the following:

O

1.​ He do his homework last night.

2.​ They was playing cricket when I reach.
3.​ I have saw that movie.
4.​ She don’t likes mangoes.
R

5.​ We living here for ten years.​

Tense and Sentence Formation

(Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative)
21

Understanding tenses is not enough — students must also know how to frame correct
sentences using each tense form. This chapter gives a clear, usable framework for:

✅ Affirmative (positive) sentences

❌ Negative sentences
●​

❓ Interrogative (question) sentences​

●​
●​

Present Tense Sentence Formation

R
Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative Example
Structure Structure Structure (English +
Hindi)

Present
Simple
Subject + V1
(+s/es)
SI
Subject +
do/does not +
V1
Do/Does + subject
+ V1 + ?
She writes. → वह
लिखती है ।

Does she write?

IT
Present Subject + Subject + Is/Am/Are + subject I am eating. → मैं
Continuous is/am/are + V1 + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + ? खा रहा हूँ।
H

ing + V1 + ing
Are you eating?
O

Present Subject + Subject + Has/Have + subject He has gone. →

Perfect has/have + V3 has/have not + + V3 + ? वह जा चक
ु ा है ।
V3
Has he gone?
R

Present Subject + Subject + Has/Have + subject They have been

Perfect has/have been + has/have not + been + V1 + ing working for
Continuous V1 + ing + been + V1 + ing + since/for + ? hours. → वे कई
since/for + since/for घंटे से काम कर रहे
हैं।
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Have they been

working?

Past Tense Sentence Formation

Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative Example

Structure Structure Structure (English + Hindi)

R
Past Simple Subject + V2 Subject + did Did + subject + V1 I played. → मैंने
not + V1 +? खेला।

SI
Did you play?

Past Subject + Subject + Was/Were + She was cooking.

Continuous was/were + V1 + was/were not + subject + V1 + ing → वह खाना बना रही
IT
ing V1 + ing +? थी।

Was she cooking?

H

Past Perfect Subject + had + Subject + had Had + subject + V3 He had gone. →
V3 not + V3 +? वह जा चक
ु ा था।
O

Had he gone?

Past Perfect Subject + had Subject + had Had + subject + We had been
R

Continuous been + V1 + ing not been + V1 been + V1 + ing + studying since

+ since/for + ing + since/for + ? morning. → हम
since/for सबु ह से पढ़ रहे थे।

Had we been
studying?
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Future Tense Sentence Formation

Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative Example (English

Structure Structure Structure + Hindi)

Future Subject + Subject + Will/Shall + subject I will go. → मैं

Simple will/shall + V1 will/shall not + + V1 + ? जाऊँगा।
V1
Will you go?

R
Future Subject + will be Subject + will Will + subject + be She will be
Continuous + V1 + ing not be + V1 + + V1 + ing + ? dancing. → वह नाच
ing रही होगी।

Future Subject + will

SI
Subject + will Will + subject +
Will she be
dancing?

They will have

IT
Perfect have + V3 not have + V3 have + V3 + ? reached. → वे पहुँच
चकु े होंगे।

Will they have

H

reached?
O

Future Subject + will Subject + will Will + subject + He will have been
Perfect have been + V1 not have been have been + V1 + waiting for two
Continuous + ing + since/for + V1 + ing + ing + since/for + ? hours. → वह दो घंटे
since/for से इंतजार कर रहा
R

होगा।

Will he have been

waiting?
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Tense Worksheets
(Practice Questions)

✍️ Section A: Fill in the Blanks (Choose the correct tense

form)
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

R
1.​ He usually __________ (go) to school by bus.​

2.​ I __________ (study) for two hours now.​

SI
3.​ They __________ (play) cricket when it started raining.​

4.​ Riya __________ (not/finish) her homework yet.​

5.​ By next year, I __________ (complete) my graduation.​

IT
6.​ Look! The baby __________ (cry).​

7.​ We __________ (live) here since 2015.​

H

8.​ She __________ (go) to the market yesterday.​

9.​ I __________ (not/see) that movie yet.​

O

10.​What __________ you __________ (do) at 8 PM last night?​

R

✅ Section B: Tense Identification

Instructions: Identify the tense of each sentence.

1.​ She was cooking when I arrived.​

2.​ I have never eaten sushi.​

25

3.​ They are watching a movie.​

4.​ The train had left before we reached.​

5.​ He will be staying in Mumbai next week.​

🔄 Section C: Sentence Transformation

Instructions: Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative forms.

R
1.​ He writes a letter.​

2.​ I was playing football.​

3.​ She has completed her work.​

4.​ They will go to Delhi.​

5.​ We had been waiting since morning.​

SI
IT
❌ Section D: Error Correction
H

Instructions: Each sentence contains an error. Rewrite the sentence correctly.

O

1.​ She don’t like chocolate.​

2.​ I am go to school every day.​

R

3.​ They was watching TV.​

4.​ He did not went to market.​

5.​ We has seen that film.​

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✏️ Section E: Mixed-Tense Paragraph Editing

Instructions: Read the paragraph and correct the tense errors.

Yesterday, I wake up early. I go to the kitchen and makes tea. Then I am taking a
bath and was leave for school. While I walked to school, I see a dog running across
the street. I reach school on time and attends all my classes.

Task: Rewrite the paragraph with correct tense forms.

🧠 Section F: Match the Tense to its Usage

R
Tense Usage Letter

1. Present Perfect

2. Past Perfect Continuous

SI
A. Action in progress in future

B. Habitual action
IT
3. Future Continuous C. Action started in past, still going
H

4. Present Simple D. Result of past action in present

O

5. Present Perfect E. Action continuing up to a past point

Continuous
R