ICSE Computer Science

Teacher: Saurabh Jha

Chapter 1: Introduction to Scratch 3.0

1. What is Scratch 3.0?

Scratch 3.0 is a block-based visual programming language developed by MIT Media

Lab.

Used to create animations, games, interactive stories, and simulations.

Uses drag-and-drop coding, which makes learning easy for beginners.

Why Scratch 3.0 is Important:

Encourages logical thinking and problem solving

Teaches basic programming concepts like loops, conditions, events

Helps students develop creative projects

2. Scratch 3.0 Interface

Component Description Tip

Stage Area where sprites perform actions Keep it clean to easily view actions
Sprites Pane Shows all sprites in project Use meaningful names for sprites
Scripts Area Where coding blocks are dragged and connected Organize scripts
neatly
Blocks Palette Contains all coding blocks (Motion, Looks, Sound, Events,
Control) Learn block colors: Motion = Blue, Looks = Purple, etc.
Backdrops Background of the stage Change to match your story or animation

Key Tip: Blocks are puzzle-shaped → can only fit correctly if logically connected.
 3. Types of Blocks

Block Category Function Example

Motion (Blue) Moves sprites move 10 steps, turn 15°

Looks (Purple) Changes appearance switch costume, say “Hello”
Sound (Pink) Plays sound effects play drum, stop all sounds
Events (Yellow) Starts scripts when green flag clicked, when key pressed
Control (Orange) Loops and conditions repeat, forever, if-else
Sensing (Light Blue) Detects events touching color, mouse position
Operators (Green) Math operations +, -, random, comparison
Variables (Dark Orange) Store values score, counter

4. Creating Your First Scratch Project (Step-by-Step)

Goal: Make a sprite move and say hello.

Steps:

1. Open Scratch 3.0 → Click Create

2. Select a sprite from library (e.g., Cat)

3. Drag “when green flag clicked” from Events block into Scripts Area

4. Drag “move 10 steps” from Motion block below it

5. Drag “say ‘Hello’ for 2 seconds” from Looks block

6. Click Green Flag → Sprite moves and says hello

Tip: Test project after adding each block to debug easily.

5. Examples of Creative Projects

1. Animated Story → Characters speak and move using motion & looks blocks

2. Simple Game → Sprite moves with arrow keys, scores tracked with variables

3. Music Project → Different sprites play different sounds using sound blocks

6. Practice Questions (20)

MCQs:

1. Scratch 3.0 is a ___ language

2. Stage is used for ___

3. Costumes belong to ___

4. Blocks Palette contains ___

5. Script area is for ___

Short Answer:
6. Define Scratch 3.0
7. Name 3 types of blocks
8. What is a sprite?
9. Give an example of motion block
10. Purpose of stage

Long Answer:
11. Explain Scratch interface in detail
12. Steps to make a sprite move
13. Role of scripts area
14. Explain how blocks connect logically
15. How Scratch helps beginners learn programming

Diagram-based:
16. Label interface: Stage, Sprites Pane, Scripts Area, Blocks Palette

Application:
17. Make sprite move forward 50 steps
18. Switch sprite costume to create walking animation
19. Make sprite speak “Good Morning”
20. Create a simple interactive story with 2 sprites

Chapter 2: Sprites and Costumes

1. Sprites (Detailed)

Sprites = Characters/objects in Scratch

Can be added in 3 ways:

1. Library → Choose pre-made sprites

2. Paint → Create your own sprite

3. Upload → Use an image file

Sprite Properties:

Name → For identification

Position (x, y) → Location on stage

Size → Percentage of original size

Direction → Angle at which sprite faces

Example:

Cat sprite → x = 0, y = 0, Size = 100%, Direction = 90° (facing right)

2. Costumes (Detailed)

Costumes = Different looks of a sprite → used for animations

Switch costumes to simulate actions: walk, jump, blink, dance

Add costumes from:

Library

Paint

Upload

Example:

Cat has 3 costumes: Sitting → Walking → Running → switch for animation

3. Managing Sprites

Add Sprite: Click “Choose Sprite” button

Delete Sprite: Right-click → Delete

Rename Sprite: Click name → Type new name

Change Size: Enter percentage in size box

Tips:

Keep names meaningful (e.g., “Player1” instead of “Sprite1”)

Avoid too many sprites → slows down the program

4. Practice Questions (20)

MCQs:

1. Sprite is ___

2. Costumes are used for ___

3. Position uses ___

4. Sprite can be added by ___

5. Sprite can be deleted by ___

Short Answer:
6. Define sprite
7. What is a costume?
8. How to rename a sprite
9. Example of using costumes for animation
10. How to change sprite size

Long Answer:
11. Explain sprite properties
12. Role of costumes in animation
13. Steps to add and delete sprite
14. Difference between sprite and backdrop
15. How to animate a sprite using costumes

Diagram-based:
16. Cat sprite with multiple costumes labeled

Application:
17. Animate a cat sprite walking
18. Add new sprite and move to specific position
19. Create sprite blinking effect using costumes
20. Design a short story with 2 sprites

Chapter 3: Events and Loops (Extremely Detailed)

1. Events

Events: Trigger actions when something happens

Types:

1. When green flag clicked → starts program

2. When key pressed → performs action

3. When sprite clicked → responds to mouse click

4. Broadcast → communicate between sprites

Example:

Press space key → sprite jumps 20 steps

 2. Loops

Loops: Repeat instructions

Types:

1. Forever → repeats infinitely

2. Repeat n times → fixed repetition

3. Repeat until → repeat until a condition becomes true

Example:

Repeat 5 → Move 10 steps → Sprite moves 50 steps

4. Combining Events & Loops

Event triggers a script → Loop repeats actions → Smooth animation

Example:

Green flag clicked → Forever loop → Sprite moves continuously

5. Practice Questions (20)

MCQs:

1. Event blocks trigger ___

2. Loops ___ actions

 3. Forever loop repeats ___

4. Broadcast is used to ___

5. When key pressed block is ___

Short Answer:
6. Define event
7. Define loop
8. Example of forever loop
9. Example of sprite clicked
10. Repeat 5 steps example

Long Answer:
11. Difference between event & loop
12. Steps to make sprite move continuously
13. Combining event & loop example
14. Broadcast use in Scratch
15. Explain repeat until block

Diagram-based:
16. Flow diagram showing event triggers loop

Application:
17. Make sprite dance using loop
18. Animate walking using costumes & loop
19. Jump on key press
20. Broadcast message between sprites

Chapter 4: Software and Its Types (Extremely Detailed)

1. Introduction

Software: Programs/instructions that tell computer what to do

Intangible → cannot touch

Examples: Scratch 3.0, MS Word, Google Chrome

2. Types of Software

Type Description Examples Use

System Software Manages hardware & OS Windows, Linux Essential for

running computer
Application Software Performs user tasks MS Word, Scratch Helps in
work, learning, creativity
Programming Software Helps programmers write code Python IDE, Visual Studio
Develop new software

Tip: System software is always needed, applications are optional.

3. Importance of Software

Allows computer to function

Bridges hardware & user

Makes computer versatile

4. Key Points

Hardware → physical parts

Software → instructions to run hardware

System software = essential

Application software = user tasks

 5. Practice Questions (20)

MCQs:

1. Software is ___

2. Scratch is ___ software

3. OS is ___ software

4. Application software is for ___

5. Programming software helps ___

Short Answer:
6. Define software
7. Two system software examples
8. Two application software examples
9. Example of programming software
10. Difference hardware & software

Long Answer:
11. Types of software
12. Importance of system software
13. Difference system & application software
14. How software helps computer perform tasks
15. Example of application software usage

Diagram-based:
16. Diagram showing types of software

Application:
17. Identify software in school lab
18. Scratch 3.0 as application software
19. Role of OS
20. Suggest software for making presentation