Class 12 NCERT Chemistry - Important & Compulsory Questions
Part 1: Physical Chemistry
Chapter 1: The Solid State
- Define unit cell and types.
- Calculate density of unit cell.
- Difference between crystalline and amorphous solids.
- Types of point defects.
Chapter 2: Solutions
- Numericals on molality, mole fraction, mass %, Raoult's Law.
- Elevation of boiling point / depression of freezing point (numericals).
- Van't Hoff factor & abnormal molar mass.
- Types of solutions and colligative properties.
Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
- Nernst equation & application (cell potential at non-standard conditions).
- Numericals: EMF, Gibbs free energy, standard electrode potentials.
- Difference between electrolytic and galvanic cells.
- Kohlrausch's Law (uses).
Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics
- Numericals: rate constant, half-life, activation energy.
- Difference between order and molecularity.
- Graphs of zero & first-order reactions.
- Arrhenius equation derivation and use.
Part 2: Inorganic Chemistry
Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
- Difference between physisorption and chemisorption.
- Characteristics and types of colloids.
- Hardy-Schulze rule.
- Tyndall effect, Brownian motion.
Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Froth flotation process.
- Roasting vs Calcination.
- Ellingham diagram - concept.
- Extraction of aluminium and copper.
Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements
- Structure of oxoacids of P, S, N.
- Anomalous behavior of nitrogen.
- Bonding and hybridization in PCl5, SO2, SO3.
- Differences between group 15, 16, 17 elements.
Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements
- Lanthanide contraction - causes & consequences.
- Colored compounds of d-block - reason.
- Variable oxidation states.
- Comparison between lanthanides & actinides.
Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds.
- Types of isomerism.
- VBT and CFT theory - explanation with examples.
- Magnetic property and geometry prediction.
Part 3: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- SN1 vs SN2 mechanism.
- Boiling point and reactivity comparison of halides.
- Electrophilic substitution in haloarenes.
Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Reaction of alcohol with Lucas reagent.
- Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
- Dehydration of alcohol - mechanism.
- Williamson's synthesis of ethers.
Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Tollens' test, Fehling's test - mechanism/reactions.
- Aldol, Cannizzaro, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reactions.
- IUPAC naming & structure.
Chapter 13: Amines
- Distinguish 1°, 2°, 3° amines.
- Diazotization reaction.
- Hoffmann bromamide degradation.
- Basicity comparison of amines.
Chapter 14: Biomolecules
- Structure and types of carbohydrates (glucose/fructose).
- Difference between DNA & RNA.
- Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary structure.
- Enzyme activity - factors affecting it.
Chapter 15: Polymers
- Types of polymerization: addition vs condensation.
- Differences between natural and synthetic polymers.
- Examples: Nylon-6,6, Bakelite, Buna-S, etc.
Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Types of drugs: analgesics, antacids, disinfectants.
- Soap vs synthetic detergent.
- Preservatives and sweetening agents.
