orld’s Leading Magazine of Self-Defense MAY 19668 50 CENTS HONBU DOJO — Testing Ground for Aikido’s Future Leaders at ©62) includes 31d World Vol champvonshine held in PANS: sa eit arate by wen. ©: C. HUE NICE Inston studies karate; Nishiyama x08 rare yenl. goal end Tonal. deren ‘Srates mind over matter yol. 1 #3 (Ar (Summer “63) covers former azawa's taining sched waive days and Nis tos oyame. sive the Worl and Go" A. Sheriff's Vol. 1 = karate champ Ke tie duriag his compet philosophy of Karate fis view of karate Yuryu's. philoso: and | I gel defense training BrOeT 4 (ian, (4) contains the back ite Assn. the 13t {held in Chucage: GP: plained by Ona. and Mas ‘on karate. vol. 2 fprouad of Japan Kare World Tournament jury far trained Qyama coneludl rate 0s of anthony Mirakian ing his EW vou 2 =2 (Mar, "64) explains Vol art of capoeira as practiced ter and artilas on Kendo ane! fs MEY Brea Meditation as used wm AWNGA: €ne Hee to enjoy a samurai movie 3 (May-June “64) highlights #7 Kwween a judoman and, 2 features such as the iiyu Jutsu: the 3d karate Tournament ai Canadian Karate Vol. 2 fetual Tent poser plus other history of Sosuist fanaual All Americ ged the 2nd Annw Ghampionshio. ‘Yo 2 24 ulus. °64) features SU Vol Jaca background of Japanese Swarr nstoncetrwrest Karate CharnvansNins. 2 Duhvas, Fist itsbuten Karate Charice Dal yoahinkat Aikide:” and Kira NOs 2m no a largely resvonsibie for tne Growth of judo in the US Vou, 2 25 (Sept-Oct. 64) includes 150% Vals 2 pan Juda Chempionshib: 1964 mi atigo Chempionstvp: the on™ oP AY i chvuan, George Vasniaa of New Taverna has done a tot for East COA Yodo anc an unusual arte af 2 meseen Lust ate Karate team, the Mikams Vor, 2 = 8 (Now, Sambo; she sce oy 82) pean Jere ae oF vers Russia's ‘America Karste, oe ee" ‘ate, founded by led by rae for mst! 86 athico as 4 tougne 2a teem ty Wong antec emt to eae MEY: Louislanare 8 jude cea Chen in Dractic de Mello, the ver of Gre enwich tte fora ttt: "85> includes Oy feor, es one des Okin: Freeman teaches Tae harae Re rasta he ers heat na truest; 8 fther ot Canara! le ana Anecdotes af tg Ca Aarate, the Chinese ation oF t hee aikido mae 50 arial arta Vol. 3 = vas g Mie ‘Stone Br '85) contat rans t00. one oF ena (ate champs inthe U8, Hava ee and e Us. 2, nt sumo cn, Aunt Bes the San Dy ran 8 8 the life Markable ka. le ko Toki tirata, ve oh. 3 =5 te ching e265) mari fen nd a in att ot SUMMED Nozaki wnt 2 ships eit leMtneig ude encasease ce Aes Pa) Prey eed aay Pee aod wou 3:26 une“) cs an We 828 ehced Dy enmei be oe ‘of 40 and captured the a8 Bat CHAM na ‘ Se mip kendo Se eae, anes 2 yt ve on oft ane HU and Bh aoe wunglace of erate masonery o and Korean vot.3 vert te Sinan: Semple era he Hara arate nd Wort Ae of Eareepan Han Ho 52% ae shampionsni ee ol. 3 National Judo © ground of Hayne Korea: youne: ‘ sen Judo ChampionshiPt Deer = eee the nurses of StL et eae ian Hospital and Wlinois: bari rem gs rete seg a ne ag (oc. 66) features the vo ee a yapan Kerate Organize: cata ot oe | veneh Legion; karate in Germany: 8nd University of Mtinols. [arate Schoot teaches TUR ae oh ae "ein ‘ching, Fae on Rr Ue, SUNG, and Yo. 3 | patinat ORE: '65) nce 20d Inte Bishite, arate, Ghompianshipr ce rs Hnitest U.S. judo innovation, Gar in: Ger r Yugosiavia's Id in Africa; and arts taking MIGhty Korean karatesnger”Y Sh, the Hoesen Tages of : ° acton mo ea eno, the Rand aps i with excellent Anton Goesink, champ: and ken seltcetense, Dart of the toppte J lapan: te im Yugosiavi, ete cf ‘aratemien harps; and kay BLACK BELT MAGAZINE 5650 W. WASHINGTON BLVD. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90016 | am a subscriber, Enclosed find $__ for __coples at 60¢ ea. Vol. |.am nota subseriber. Enclosed find §__—for__eopies at $i ea. Vol Vol. 3 Zipcode Vol GHEGK ISSUES REQUESTED — #0 464 1 2 1g 3q a0 #4 #0 #0 a2 34Letters to the Editor JBBF On Rankings Your March 1966 issue carried a etter fram a Mr, N.R. Liberty which indicated that his organization, the ‘Korean “Youndo Kwan Judo Associa. tion” should be recognized in the ‘United States with respect to promo- tions and rank certification. He offered as support for his argu- ment the fact that Japan is only one member of the Asian Judo Feder tion and therefore other organiza- tions im the U.S. were just as legiti mate as the Kodokan so far as belt ranks were concemed. ‘The inference is that JBBF issues Kodokan or Jap- nese ranks and therefore is but one of the many organizations in this country le to isue rank pro- motions. First of all, the JBBF does not is- sue Japanese ranks —it issues US. ranks, A Kodokan certificate is an ‘option and not a requirement for pro- motion. In Japan, it is not the Kodo: ‘kan that is the member of the Inter- national Judo Federation (IJF) but rather the All-Japan Judo Feder In Korea, it is the Korean Yudo Fed- ‘eration and not Mr. Liberty's Youndo Kwan Association that is the IJF member for that country. By virtue of its agreement with the AAU, the JBBF is the national bod) recognized by both the Pan Ame -ean Congress and the IJF as the only ‘organization authorized to issue judo ranks in the USA. The JBBF is also the only organization recognized by the United States Olympic Commit- tee. This recognition does not belong to the JBBF as such, but to all the individuals who have joined to make ‘the national organization, Member- ship in both the JBBE and the AAU is available to everyone interested in strong progressive United States Judo. Donald Pohl, Secretary United States Judo Federation (J BBF ) Detroit, Mich ‘A Shocker The owner of Memphis Karate Academy where I hiad my first karate Tesson has just been indicted on charges of conspiring to pass forged money orders. (See Black Belt Times.) In my first and last lesson at this school, may instructor didn't teach me how to fall but he threw me and broke my arm, When my mother showed me the article she said, “That's what's behind that karate stu.” How can I convince her that some other school is not like the first one Lattended? Steve Carroll Memphis, Tenn. Your experience is a shockingz one. Please see our editorial on this sub- ject. ~ Ed. Dojos Going Broke Create Stigma A stigma is rapidly being attached to the self-defense field. The unin- formed public, upon registering at what it feels is an accredited doj and shortly thereafter discovering that the place closed, considers all personnel attached to such places as “eon men.” New York is severly plagued with small judo or self- defense schools continually being ‘opened and closed down, Naturall the reasons for closing are many. T problem of unqualified teachers, with undereapitalized and ill-equipped Aojos, coupled with poor manage- ment, are facts which exist_ more realistically than any “eon man” oper- ation, This is bringing about dete rating circumstances that will be felt in our Beld for a long time to come. I have personally fnterviewed many prior students who have soured on taking self-defense lessons because af the above situation Perhaps the overall answer is to form an association of self-defense schools with a set of bylaws and per- haps a seal of approval. An inte change of information and ideas would result, and, of course, other benefits would follow. This may be the only way that unification in the self-defense eld can come about and the standard of the Dojo ean be raised where the entire family may participate in an excellent, all-round rogram Victor Harold International Schools of Self Defense Brooklyn, N.Y, Our opinions om this subject are expressed in this month's editorial — Fad. Saddens judo was a sad passing. He was a new breed of judoist who had a pure love of judo as a sport that offers benefits to men through tout the world, Geesink shows the spirit of a man not seeking to be the best in judo, but part of judo, He had his faults, but men are too often judged by their faults and not their virtues. 1 feel that the best honor we can pay Geesink, as a judo great, is to re member him for the worldwide claim he brought judo, Philip Amotd President & Director Zer-Ki Martial Arts Assn. No World Karate Champ T have wondered if Japan had an annual karate championship and if there is an official tournament to de- termine the world karate champion. Tom Perie Cleveland, Ohio Each of the major karate organiza. tions in Japan has fd its individual annual championships, bet there has never been a tournament to select a champion for all of Japan. The four major Japanese karate organizations have feelerated and are trying to form sucle an anrwal karate tournament, Many of the smaller karate organiza- tions will still not be represented, however. In Europe, there will be a (Continued on pageFANINESN DANY March 1965 — PARIS, FRANCE. England Karate Friendship Tournament. Con- tact J. Delcourt, Union of European te, 12, rue Lecuirot, Paris L4eme, March 13—White Belt and Brawn Belt Championships, Santa Rosa Junior College Judo Club, Sante Rosa. Con tact Me F. Lee, 166 Embarcadero, San Francisco, Calif. (North. Calif. Yudanshat March 19-20 — CHARLOTTE, N.C. Fourth Charlotte, N.C, Invitational Gontest. Central YMCA. 400 E. Morehead St. Junior and Senior Shiai. Contact C. W. Duckworth, 3473 Willow Oak Ra. Tel: JA 3.0909 or Antonio Mallo, Jr. 607 West Bivd. Apt. =3, Charlotte, NG. Te: 334-8871, March 20 -¢ Senior Black Belt Champion- ships. San Francisco Judo Inst., San Francisco. (Eleminations to Nation: als). Contact M. F. Lee, 166 Embar cadero, San Franciseo, Calif. (Narth. Calif. Yudanshakai) Mareh 26 — MILWAUKEE, WIS. National High School Judo Championships March 27—NEW YORK, N.Y. Second East ‘Coast Open Karate Tournament at Manhattan Canter, 211 West 24th St, New York, N.Y. Contact Gary R. Alex ‘ander, c/o The Martial Arts Institute, 1901 “Morris Ave., Union, NJ ‘Apr 2— PARIS, FRANCE. French Karate ‘Championships, Contact J. Delcourt, Union of European Karate, 12, rue Lecuirst, Paris deme, Tel BLOmet 52.00. April 3— Senior Men's Promationals, Hokka, San Francisco, Contact Mr. F. Lee, 166 Embarcadero, San Francis: 0. (North, Calif. Yudanshs ‘April 4.8 — CARSWELL AFB, TEXAS, Judo Meet ‘April 9—TULSA, OKLA. Junior and Senior Atarashii Kai Judo. Contact W. G. Barker, Jr, 2731 So, Boston, Tulsa, Aprit 16 — AURORA, ILLINOIS YMCA. Ii: fois Annual Invitational Karate Chars. plonships. Sponsored by Society of Biack Belts of America, 306 North Park Ave.. Aurora, Il. Tek 892.3804, Contact Jemes A. Chapman, The ‘Academy of Martial Arts, 460 Gar- fleld., Tel: TW 7.8394, April 17 — Women’s. Promotionals, Mer: an Hill Judo Club, Morgan Hill. Con tect Mr. F. Lee, 166 Embarcadero, San Francisco, Calif. (North, Calif. Yudanshakal) ‘April 22.23 — ASBURY PARK, NJ. No- tional AAU Judo Championships at the Convention Hall, contact Tourna: ‘ment Director Thomas Dalton, 19 Thomas Ré.. Somerset, N.J. 08873 for additional information April 24 — Tracy Invitational, Tracy Judo Glub, Tracy. Contact Mr. F. Lee, 165 Embareadero, San Francisco, Calif. (North. Calif. Yudanshakai. May 7—PARIS, FRANCE, European Ka ate Championships. Sponsored by European Karate Union. Four contest- ants from each country plus @ team composed of five players and one alternate. Contact M. Delcourt, 12 rue Lecuirat, Paris 14eme, Tel. BLOmet 52.00. May 15—Hokka Team Championships, ‘San Juan Recrestion Judo Club, En: ina School, Sacramento. Contact Mrs. F. Lee, 166 Embarcadero, San Francisco, Calif. (North. Cali Yuda- shakai). lay 22— OKLAHOMA CITY, Junior and Senior Atarashii Kai Judo. Contact W. &. Batker, Jr, 2731 So. Boston, Tulsa. July 1966 — CANNES, FRANCE. interna tional Karate Championships. Open to contestants through the world Contact I. Mochizuki, e/e Eurepean Karate Union, 12 rue Lecuirot, Paris, 1aeme, Tel. BLOmet 52-00. July 25 — TULSA, OKLA. Junior and Sen- ior Atarashii Kai Judo. Contact W. G. Barker, Jr, 2731 So, Boston, Tulsa, ‘Sept. 17— BARTLESVILLE, OKLA, Junior and Senior Atarashii Kai Judo, Con tet W. G. Barker, Jr, 2731 $0, Boe ‘ton, Tulsa, ‘Aug. 1967 — WINNIPEG, CANADA. Pan ‘American Judo Games. SUBSCRIBE TO Black Belt FREE TROPHY CATALOG Karate, Judo and Other Trophies, Mounted Figurines Showing actual Judo and Karate Stances. Also Medals, Ribbons, Wall Plaques and Novel Trophies Such as Desk Pen Sets — Special Discount To All Schools LEARN JAPANESE RECORDS 3 Albums, plus Book $5.95 MARTIAL ARTS: SUPPLY GO. uri 1909.90 RARE SUT » tends, AmaciatesTIGER BRAND JUDO UNIFORMS CHILDREN’S SIZES Single Weave 451-0 Small (Under 9 yrs. old) $8.00 451-1 Medium (Avg, 10-14 yrs. old) $8.50 ADULT SIZES (Double Weave) 451-2 Small (Avg. Person 125 tbs.) > 7.50 481-3 Medium (Avg. Person 150 Ibs.) $ 9.90 JS1-4 Large (Avg. Person 175 Ibs.) $10.90 481-5 X-Large (Avg. Person 200 Ibs.) Pe aaah) (All sizes $1.30 each) cee EE co a cd BRB-3 | Exclusive Distributor MARTIAL ARTS SUPPLIES CO. 76 fe eee eeeEDITORIAL. Karate at the Crossroads A time of crisis is fast approaching for karate, For too long, the so-called “leaders” of American karate have indulged themselves in splits and feuds and namecalling, The result has been that karate in the country has grown without a head, displaying a curi- aus lack of discipline among orgenizations for an art that teaches an exacting discipline to its students. But it appears that karate may now be about to pay the price for these years of having failed to cooperate in building a strong and organized karate movement that-could elevate standards of play and police the movement. There have been disquieting develop- ments in the past year that have given sober pause to those of us who love and respect this magnificent Oriental fighting art, Like it or nat, in the minds of the general public, the reputation and integrity of karate are being called into question. And the truth of the matter must be faced. Karate’s “image” has slipped — and badly in recent months. Take, for instance, the unfortunate case in Tennessee, where the head of the Memphis Karate Academy has been arrested as part of a ring in connection with stolen money orders that may total $100,000. (See Black Belt Times and Letters to the Editor.) ‘A young teenager who has enrolled at the school writes us that at his first and only lesson, his in- structor threw him and brake his arm. It is unthink- able that any reputable karate instructor would throw a student in his first lesson, much less allow any body contact or sparring until well along in training. Yet this man passed himself off as a qualified insteuctor at a reputable school. Needless to say, everything connected with this matter leaves a bad taste in the mouth. If this were the only case of its kind, it could be dismissed as not being representative. But there are other unfortunate incidents, In Chicago John Keen- han, a bearded instructor, was caught in the altempt to dynamite a competitor's dojo. It will be a Long time before karate in the Chicago area recovers from the publicity given this escapade by the city’s news- papers. Another contributor to our Letters to the Editor calunin this month reports that in New York City the aris are getting a reputation as harboring “con men” because dojos are constantly closing down after oper- ating only briefly. And on the West Coast, the com- jon for students among top karate organizations producing some highly questionable tactics and further dividing the whole movement, a situation we will have more to say about next month. Needless to say, these and other incidents have created a major problem for all of karate. It does no good to say that these unfavorable incidents are caused only by a small minority of people in the movement. In the minds of the public, they represent karate. And so a handful of boneheads and outright crooks are dragging the reputation of karate in the dust. But the question of reputation is an even more compelling reason for the karate organizations to put aside their dislikes and their jealousies of each other and form a single consolidated organization that can, police the American karate movement and clean out the unfit and the dishonest. We have even suggested that if the various karate groups cannot set up an American karate organization for themselves, they should think about becoming a part of the U.S, Judo Federation. It is common practice in many countries of the world for all the martial arts to be gathered in one strong and centrally directed organization. In cur editorial last month, we strongly urged ka- rate organizations to get together because of the need. to hold truly national championships, which can act a5 a spur to elevating standards of play throughout the country. The really worrisome aspect in all this is that such incidents seem almost certain to continue, and per- haps to multiply, unless steps are taken to clean up. the situation. This problem of integrity is.a grave one in its consequences. If something isn't done soon, it’s not too far fetched to suggest that the karate move- ment in this country could founder because af a lack of trust in the art and its followers. Lest anyone think that we are too alarmist, he might consider some sobering facts. We know that at least three of the major karate organizations in this country have suffered drastic declines in membership in the past year. The reasons for this are varied, and not due solely or even mainly to the question of integrity. But the point is clear that karate is going to have to work harder in order not to lose its students to other arts or see them drop out of the arts altogether. And if karate is to continue to grow, some strong central direction is needed to promote the art Karate stands now at one of those fateful cross- roads. If the leaders of karate hesitate to meet the challenge of the issues raised and the karate move- ment fails in this country because of it, they will have no one to blame but themselves.Anthony DeLeonardis Editor David Lee Ass't Editor Paul Liquori Managing Editor Dr. Philip J. Rasch Assoc. Editor Curtis Voss Art Director Oliver Pang Photo Editor William C. C. Hu Fred Bleicher Historians Dave F. Enslow Cartoonist John Nakao Ady, tor Jane K. Moss Circ, Manager Mitoshi Uyehara James Uyehara Publishers CORRESPONDENTS: Kei Tsumura Eastern Canada Herbert Velte Germany John D, Schilder Holland David C. H. Wai Hong Kong Kim Byung Soo Korea Emmanuel E. Querubin Philippines ‘Thang Din Burma Zarko Modric Yugoslavia (thle by BLACK BELT, ENC. COMING SOON! What are your legal rights and obligations if you are forced to defend yourself against an assailant. The attorney for the New York Yudanshakai ‘discusses this matter next month. 00000G0000000000000 ‘The origins and the present day practice of one of Korea’s leading karate styles, Tae Kwan Da, will be the subject of a feature artic ALL RIGIETS RESERVED. REPRODUCTION WITHOUT PERMISSION 15 STRICTLY PROHIBITED,BIACK BELT MAGAZINE OF THE MARTIAL ARTS VOLUME IV, NO. 5 CONTENTS ARTICLES come up with another giant as a replacement for retired world champion Anton Geesink It's a rugged life for the young uchideshi who hopes to become a fulltime aikido instructor. 23 TWENTY TOP JUDOMEN IN THE U.S.: Black Belt ranks the leading judomen in advance of the AAU Nationals being held at Asbury Park, N.J. 30_HAIKU — THE SAMURAI'S DEEPEST FEELINGS: This ancient form of poetry was a favorite pastime of the great samurai of the past. 36 _JUDO AND KARATE MAKE THE TEEN SCENE: After 2 slow start, things are looking up for high school judo and karate. 44_ SOUTH AFRICAN KARATE: The Minister_of_the Interior was worried when three visiting karate in structors from Japan showed up. DEPARTMENTS 4 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 5 CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS 7 EDITORIAL: Karate at the Crossroads 34__MAGAZINE REVIEW: Psychoanalyzing the Arts. 48 JUDO TECHNIQUE: Tai-Otoshi 50 WORLDWIDE TOURNAMENTS: 53__INSTRUCTOR'S PROFILE 54_ BLACK BELT TIMES 56__ PROMOTIONS 64__DIRECTORY OF DoJOS This one iii nn MAY 1966 ABOUT THE COVER ‘Waka Uyeshiba, son of the founder ‘of Aikido, flips one of the young: apprentices during a training ses- sion at Honbu Dojo. Painting by Curtis Voss Black Belt is published monthly by Black Bla, Subscription rates ‘are: one year, $5.00; two years, $9.00; three years, $12.00 (foreign countries add $1.00 per year for postage). The publishers and editors will not be re sponsible for unsolicited material. Man: Useripts and photographs ta be secom- panied by a stamped, self-addressed re turn ervelope. Printed in the United States by World Color Press, Inc., St Mo. British Circulation Office BUDS, 14 West St, Dunstable, Beds England. Germany ‘Circulation Office: 24 Lubeck, EutinerHOLLAND'S NEW HOPE Successor To Geesink Holland, a land of judo greats, has come up with another judo giant. He's Willem Ruska and the Dutch think he’s the man to take over where Anton Geesink left off. fn Holland, the newspapers are calling him a second Geesink. And well they might.For this tiny country on the North Sea has spawned another giant of the judo mat. He's Willem Ruska, a handsome and beautifully ‘muscled hunk of Dutchmanhood. 10 a by J. Dick Schilder Ever since the great Anton Geesink retired as world champion, the Dutch, who take their judo seriously, have been looking for someone to fill his shoes. And in Ruska they thing they've found him. Certainly, Ruska could fll Geesink’s shoes in a a physical sense. Both of them wear the same size shoe (13 plus) and in other measurements Ruska blocks out to roughly the same dimensions — six- foot-six in height and 260 pounds in weight. Geesink is Tough Sensei ‘And if their fighting styles bear certain resemblances, that's understandable also. Geesink is Ruska's teacher and it's only natural that Ruska should pick up some of the master’s methods. For his part, Geesink is a tough taskmaster with his new star. Ruska works out four hours ‘day at Geesink’s dojo in the capital city of Utrecht. And plently of that is mat time, “Geesink lets me fight, that’s for sure,” Ruska told us with a shake of his blonde head during a matside interview at Geesink’s dojo, Geesink belongs to the old school that, believes the only way to learn to fight is to fight. And he keeps Ruska busy on the tatami with the many top judo players who find their way to his dojo. Ruska regularly works out with such fine judomen as the Snijders twins, Jan and Petrus, Henk v.d. Hock, Rinus Elzer, and Fritz Lohmen who has his own judo school in Amsterdam. Ruska is 25 years old and still is developing. He has fone great disadvantage to overcome if he is ever to take Geesink's place in anything but the physical sense in inter- national competition. Ruska got a late start in judo and this fact works against him, He didn’t take up the sport until he was 20 years old, He's come a long distance in little more than five years. But his problem will be to gain ‘enough experience so that he reaches his technical peak within the few short years left before he passes his physi- cal peak. Geesink looks over his students,‘Ruska (Left) in training in the French Alps. Geesink is fourth from left and is followed by Peter and Jan Snijders. a Goesink keeps him jumping. Rigorous Schedule AAs has been said before, judo, or at least the tournament kkind that requires standing up to tough international com- petition, is a young man’s game. Usually the best years are in the mid-twenties. When a man passes 30, he's getting old for competition Judo. Geesink was 31 when he retired and the present world champion, Isao Inokuma, is only ‘28 and he’s just announced his retirement. ‘Ruska is aware that he has ground to make up and he hhas set himself a rigorous schedule to try to cram in as much judo as he can. And Geesink is seeing to it that Ruska is exposed to a wide range of international compe- tion. Ruska has appeared at the German championships, the European championships, the Olympics in Japan, and the world tournament in Brazil. He also participated in Utrecht in a team championship meet between Holland and the United States in which he competed against such alltime American greats as Ben Campbell and George Ha The US. for him. ‘ompbell is a good judoka — one who knows judo and has a real feeling for it. I like him,” Ruska said, He also hhad good words for Harris but thought that the American ‘wasn't quite serious enough in his matches. “Harris is a ‘great sportsman and a good technician. But in combat he ‘Too big a repertoire? should be mentally tougher because world chanpionships require a person to be very hard.” 2Top Instruction Ruska was born in Amsterdam on August 29, 1940, the youngest son of Jacobus and Anna Maria Ruska. His father was career man in the navy and Willem spent six years in the Dutch navy himself. It was there that he first learned judo. Ruska is fortunate that he has always had good instructors who were able to bring him along, rapidly. Before Geesink, Ruska was taught by Choi In-do who left Holland two years ago to return to Korea to head up the Korean Judo Federation. ‘Today Ruska’s style is still flavored somewhat by Kore- ‘an touches. In competition on the mat, Ruska is a non-stop fighter. He likes action and he keeps charging. And he an unpredictable fighter. His opponents can never be quite sure what he'll resort to next. He is excellent with combi- nations and he has a bewildering number of techniques to choose from. ‘While this may be an advantage in keeping an opponent off balance, there are drawbacks to having too large & repertoire of throws. Most top judomen around the world have one or two throws that they specialize in and know to perfection. By adopting a wide variety of throws, many judomen feel that they cannot spend enough time on any single one to the point where they feel they have complete mastery of it. Titles Aplenty So far, however, it hasn't seemed to hurt Ruska. He has won the Netherlands heavyweight title twice, the German championships three times and has been runnerup in the European championships. At the world tourney in Rio last fall, Ruska performed well against Anzor Kiknadze of Russio who placed third, Ruska threw Kiknadze for what would have been a full point but the Russian landed out- side the mat, Kiknadze eventually went on to take the win from Ruska. As he gains more experience, Ruska may decide to nar- row some of his techniques. For now, he uses migi and hhidari osotogari. He also likes rigi t sake, fi ‘and hard hidari tsuri kom goshi. With his great strength, he ‘techniques on the mat, During his is excellent in pin ‘We asked Ruska what he tought of his being compared to Geesink. “T can't call myself a second Geesink because there's ‘no one else in the whole world like him, Ard that’s for sure. I don't think anybody will ever be able to match his career Wants Match With TInokuma What about Isao Inokuma, the present world champion? “No. Not him either. Inokuma is avery fine judoka and @ hard fighter, all right. But I don't think he has a chance against Geesink,” Ruska also told us he'd like to go up against Inokuma himself. “I'd like very much to meet him in competition. In fact, I'd like to meet all the best players in the world.” + Ruska gave his views on the quality of judo being played 4n various countries, and they differed somewhat from the ‘views of American players. But on one thing he did agree. ‘That is that Japan would certainly be @ tough country to ‘wrest judo leadership from. “The training in Japan is very good. And it's extra- ‘ordinarly hard, On the mat, they fight like tigers. But 1 ‘won't say that Japan can't be beaten. But to doso we must ‘work very hard indeed.” Russian Judo is Ersatz We asked him how the training in Holland compared, “Second only to Japan, I think. We have a very hard dis- cipline.” We mentioned Russia’s judo men and said they appeared to have hard training as well Yes, that’s true. There are those who believe that after Japan the Russians have the strongest judo teams and that eventually they may overiake the Japanese. But that re- mains to be seen. The Russian judo players are in exceltent ‘condition and they are hard fighters, But it's not real jucdo, Jt sometimes looks more like wrestling, and they also use sambo techniques. But some of their top judomen rely ‘more on power than real techniques in fighting.” We asked him what he though the outlook was for judo ‘in Holland. “Very good,” he replied. “I still chink that Hole Jand must be ranked as the second most important judo eountry.” As an example of the caliber of play being prac- ‘iced in Holland, he pointed to the Snijders twins, the coun- try’s top middleweights. “I think the whole world will hear much more about these two brothers. Peter's performance ‘against much heavier men in the all-weights division: is proof of what kind of judo player he is. He easily bested heavyweight Ancor Kiknadze of Russia, And Jan is just ‘as good. Sometimes one is better than the other, And both ‘are dedicated judomen in carrying out their training ax well ‘as in actually competing.” Likes Karate Karate is beginning to catch on in Holland and Ruska hhad some things to say about it, “like it. think it's good training. I'm speaking about the real thing, of course. I think that there is also an element in the country that only poses as being top karate instructors. For instance, # know ‘of atleast one case of a man parading as a very high-ranked dan, but I just can't believe ft.” ‘We eventually got around to talking about judo in the United States, and he had some flattering things to say. “T think the USA would be the real country for me. I's «4 part of the world where Vd like to work. I like the Arneri- can mentality and the sportsmanship they have there. Their judo players are good winners and they are good losers also.” We asked him if he planned to visit the country and he said he was thinking about it. “What I'd really like to do is teach advanced judo students there. Some Americans have asked me to come to their country, and I have considered it, But I would have to have a good sponsor and a good guarantee before I'd accept. But if I get a good offer, Ym ready to go.” ~ 13Mosquitoes in the Summer and ial Cold in the outer iets ing for thi sto try i full-time jobs as 15.00 a month. ikido hopefuls underg 8 att the princely salHE newest generation of aikido leaders is still being groomed under an ancient system steeped in centuries of tradi- tion. On the tatamis of Tokyo's Honbu dojo, world center of aikido, handful of young men who may some day head dojos of their ow throughout the world are undergoing a rigorous training on the basis of the old apprenticeship system In this system, which survives only to a limited extent in Japan today, a young man goes to live in the house ‘of a master to whom he apprentices himself. He eats, sleeps, works and, most important, learns the art of his master. And so it is today at Honbu. the home and “workshop” of Morihei Uyeshiba, founder and head of the ikido system. The blending of the new and the old is typical of aikido. The newest of the major martial arts, aikido's tap roots are sunk deep in the soil and tradition of Japan. Uyeshiba formu ated the secrets of aikido around the dawn af the 20th century. The art is based partly on the ancient sport of ju-jutsu, The new, and somewhat mystical, idea that Uyeshiba added was the “ki” or the tapping of the power of the mind and the fusing of it with the power of the body to pra- dice a new art that aims at great bodily strength with little apparent effort With its great reverence for the past, it i not surprising then to find the 83-year-old Uyeshiba still de. ‘veloping future instructors according to the old apprenticeship methed This system had virtually passed out of existence in Europe and America hy the end of the last century. Though the system hung on longer in Japan, it was virtually swept away by World War II and its aftermath, However, vestiges still linger, mainly in the field of the arts — in the cre tive arts, such as kabuki dancing, act- ‘ing, and flower arranging, and in the martial arts, such as sumo and aikido In Japan, the apprentice is called uchideshi. Actually, uchides notes a far broader meaning than just being apprenticed to lean an occu- pation, The Japanese sec it as a means of further developing the edu- cation of the apprentice. The master is expected to instill moral and char- acter-building principles in the young, novice under his control, In short, the gaal is to turn out well-rounded man, not just a skilled tradesman. This aspect of uchideshi is more understandable when viewed against the background of the mystic reli gions and meditative philosophies of Asia and Japan. Many of the leaders of the martial arts, such as Gogen Yamaguchi, the famed long-haired “Cat” of karate, and Uyeshiba are deeply religious and spiritual men, Yoshimitsu Yamada, the 5th dan who heads the New York Aiki-Kai ojo, is a former Honbu apprentice who has expressed as well as anyone what it means to-be an achideshi “As far as 'm concerned, uchideshi has a far deeper and more spiritual meaning, than just learning the art When a boy such as myself becomes uchideshi, he is in a sense joining a new family,” he says. "We respect ‘our master and our instructors as our ores ahd SGuEN Was tuchideshi in perfect harmony as brothers, which we call Sempat Kohai.” ‘Yamada adds that he gained deep- ce insights into himself and into life by his experience as uchideshi. “Through this sizid and strict life, we learn self-discipline and, what is ‘mast important to me, I learned how to respect and lave my chosen art, its founder, and my instructors as one.” ‘The number of uchideshiat Honbu at any one time is small, usually no more than seven or y group. The young would-be uchi- deshi comes to th ents for an inte around 17 or 18. The parents meet with Uyeshiba, or with Uyeshiba’s son, Waka, and explain why they wish to apprentice their son to 15Honbu. The young man remains re- spectfully silent until asked to speak, and he is judged on his character and skill. Almost invariably, the young man has been taking aikido lessons at Honbu for a year or two so that the Uyeshiba’s already know something of him. If accepted, the new uchidesht moves into the dojo, If he can stick out the rigorous training and disei- pline, the dojo will be his home for the next three or four years. Until very recently, by home was meant 16 Alkido apprentices clean Up outside Honbus dojo. literally the dojo, The young man trained, studied — and slept — on the tatami during his years as uchideshi. But Honbu has had to make a con- cession to the times. It now allows the uchideshi to live outside the dojo, Tt more or less has to do with the current erop beeause three of the young men are married and a fourth lives with a priest in a Buddhist temple. But regardless of where he lives, the uchideshi quickly learns that when he steps within the walls of Honbu he has left the comforts of home behind. There is no such thing as air conditioning or central heating in the big dojo. In the winter it is freezing. cold and in the summer the place is alive with mosquitoes, And during his years at Honbu his regime is a spartan one. The uchideshi is often kept on the go from 6 am, until midnight, with little time out even for eating, In many ways, the life is similar to that prevailing for religious orders. And this is understandable, seeing that Uyeshiba is a former monk who trained and worked in the monastery during his earlier years. The uohi deshi at Honbu in some ways paral- lels the life or the novice at the Buddhist monastery. The uchieleshi's day begins around 6am, when he cleans the dojo and the grounds outside, The first class of the day starts at 6:30, This class is usually taught by Uyeshiba him- self, the Osensei, which means the old teacher. The young uchideshi sit on their knees during this hour, which can be an uncomfortable and tiring experience ‘This first class is usually taken up mostly with discussions about God and nature — Uyeshiba doing the [And 30 to tatam.talking and the uchideshi listening. It is in this hour that the young uchi- deshi is exposed to Zen philosophy and the deeper meanings of aikido — its nonviolent and defensive nature and its striving for personal perfec- tion and understanding If this all sounds rather remote and difficult to grasp for a Western reader, he may be interested to know that the young Japanese uchideshi often feels just the same way. The SS.yearold Uyeshiba many times speaks about highly abstract topics, lapsing usually into ancient Japanese phraseology, so that his listeners often find it difficult to follow him, When this long hour is over, the young tchideshi exuberantly ‘spill out onto the dojo floor for a half-hour exercise break, All the restless energy pent up within seems to come out and they throw themselves into the practice of their techniques with each others. ‘At 6 am, begins the real study of aikido techniques, This class is taught by a different instructor every day, and is attended by a large num ber of persons from outside the dojo, Sometimes this hour is taught by Uyeshiba’s son, or Waka sensei as he is called. Sometimes Tohei sensei, the greatest of Uyeshiba's followers, instructs the class, Alter this class is over at 9 am, the uchidesht can sometimes sneak in time at last for a bit of breakfast — plain fare usually consisting of rice, miso-shiru (soy bean soup) and tsukemono (pickles), and sometimes, fon rare occasions, a raw egg. But there are many mornings when the uchideshi doesn’t even get time for this but must help one of the in- structors teaching a class If the uchideshi isn’t helping out at this time, he may have a private class of his own with Tohei or Waka sensei or some of the other instruc: tors. These are the moments the young uchideshi cherishes as he learns his art from the very greatest of aikido's followers. At these times the apprentice can get personal help on his techniques and practice his A time for mecitation. ‘A never-ending task. 7throws with the world’s finest in- structors. When his personal classes as over and he is not needed to help with an instructor's class, the uchi- deshi has the rest of the morning to himself, He can wash his clothes, write letters or just try to rest a For at noon the tempo picks up aga and doesn't stop until fate at night. Around midday the uchideshi leaves the dojo to help give instrac- ns at various colleges in the Tokyo area. When he goes outside to teach, hhe usually receives about 100 yen approximately 30 cents in American money) for lunch, Though the wchi- deshi won't be eating prime rib on this little bit of money, it at least enables him to the apportunity to vary his diet from the poorly pre- pared portions at the dojo. After several hours of teaching the uchideshi return to the dojo for his third formal class of the day From 8 to 4 pm, This class is attended mainly by college students and tl uchideshi practices right along with them, After this hour, the uchidteshi is confronted with his never-ending task of cleaning up the dojo in prep- aration for the next clas The last afternoon class is held from 5 to 6 pm., and is attended by ikido practitioners including, businessmen. Again, the uchideshi cleans up afterward, this time for the Digest class of the day, the one from 6:30 to 7:30, when Honbu is filled with followers of the art. Many of the people attending this class also attended one in the morning, for it is not unusual for an aikido enthusiast to take both a morning and evening class, ‘The young uchideshi doesn ally attend this evening class. Instead he grabs a quick dinner (rice, fish, vegetables and, very rarely, a little meat) and then dashes off again to instruct at other dojas around the city, Oftentimes, he will not return until 10 or LI p.m. If the class loa a light one some night, the young, novice may be free after 8 or 9 pin. However, he is usually too tired by this time to go anywhere. The rou- 18 (O'Sensei teaches uchideshi class .. ‘The practice of kokyu-dosa, orhow takeep from being bowled over.++ and Waka Senset gives a private lesson. tine usually calls for him to go to bed between 11 pum, and midnight, But after the strenuons day the uchideshi puts in, the tatami isn’t the most comfortable bed to lie on, Many ‘times the newer uchideshi is so bone weary and aching in all his muscles after having worked out so long that he will toss and turn for hours be- fore getting to sleep. But after a few months of this kind of workout and hecoming aecustomed to the routi the uchideshi is usually so tited. that he falls asleep almost as soon as he hits the tatami Some uchideshi never do became accustomed to it, These are the ones that drop out. But most stay on and make it. Yamada has recalled what it was like in those early days “There were times,” he says, “be- fore I got used to it when my body twas so sore and I was so tired that T contemplated giving up. But T had decicted that this was what T teanted ‘and I continued. Even though it was very hard, I now realize the many good things that resulted from my staying on. I Tearned patience, self- determination and how to work in harmony with others.” ‘The uchideshi's routine, with little variation, is the one that he follows for three years or so until his ready to go out to be an instmctor on his own or be taken on as a fulltime ine structor at Honbu, What changes there are in the routine usually are welcomed as a break in the pattern Occasionally Tohei will roust them out around 5 a.m. for a brisk run out- side. At other times they will work out in the snow or in the cold river for spiritual hardening, but this is not compulsory training, ‘The most welcome break of the year comes in the summer when the uchideshi goes off to a camp in the country for a week or 10 days to in- struct college students, After a few days, the campers generally become close friends and many a former tichideshi recalls these outings with nostal Actually, the years as uchideshi are not all bleak and gruetling. The young novice is engaged in the study of that which he presumably enjoys most — the art of aikido, In his spare time he is free to come and go from the dojo as he pleases — always as- suming that he isn't too tired to go out, of course: But his primary aim during these important years is not to amuse himself. The life of the tuchideshi isto serve and to Tearn, Alter he's been a uchideshi for a little while, the young apprentice begins to receive a small allowance From the dojo, usually several dollars ‘a month. With this, he must meet all his own personal expenses. The Honbu does not even supply gi’s to the uchideshi. Unless the uehideshi receives help from his family during his years at Honbu, he will have great difficulty in getting by. Another reason that those uchi- deshi who are fortunate enough to do so receive money from their family is tobe able to eat at restaurants out- side the doje, The food at the Honbu, like at the Kedokan, can hardly be called haute cuisine, The diet is meager and the food is poorly pre- pared, Most uchideshi when they ‘can prefer to eat outside, Things become better for the sichi- deshi when he finally becomes a full- ‘time instructor, though not perhaps ‘by Western standards. When he is finally: promoted from the status of uchideshi to full-time instractor, things become easter for the young man, though by Western standards the improvement may not seem that noticeable, His salary is raised to 5,000 yen a month (about 815 a month) but he is also entitled to free food. ‘The money to meet the expenses ‘of the dojos and the salaries of in- structors comes primarily from tui tion fees charged the dojo members. There are also some contributions made from persons outside the dojo, The parents of the uchideshi also may contribute a few dollars a month, though this is not required If the parents are well to do, how- ever, they usually are expected to contribute something, 1920 DEFENSE, ty Evie Dominy. Specially writen for tho bberaan who hase’ the time fr inclination to become = ike to Know how to defend himait. 99 ina desing. an. $295, THE SPORT OF 1400 ty abayasht & Sharp, Highly praited by the Kovokan of Japan. The ‘Sport of ude Bresantsstepbystep the one ‘s295 ODOKAN 00 atte fy feb Oren, An iirodue: the fundamentals of the ‘special mph placed on ‘nts of throwing. wrapping as ‘sa25 ‘TeAcit YOURSELF 1UDO, Erie Domi A tundamerta Jogical sequence, explaining ae 3335 ‘A COMPLETE GUIDE TO UDO by Smith. An arth. fs technique, theory, hie the Jao te "and Karate. 250 pp. ‘$005 by Ishikawa & Draeger. in Cludes trating metods 200 euarcives and how thay havld be pastored, aay Jude player. 926 pp. 1900 photos, 7% x 104s. Buu 350 JUDO AND AIKIDO by Te: ‘rll The fundarmental rn sa73 ‘THE SCIENCE OF JU00, A. . Marrington. Designed for tha tained josaka. es Bock veviale ahs and pant ey 5393 BO¥S! 1UD0 by Sharp & apart of Jude written cope Siniy for bors Easy to fot tors. Paper: 86-90. 174 1 plus photos s195. [THE TECHNIQUES OF JUD0 ‘by Takagaki-& Sharp. An authoritative stepbyrstes fn the comenoniy used tech igues of Jude. 148 9p. HE stoners oF su00 by clispensable introduction to the essential nature of Su. ‘and ite basse tech a7 sus SELFDEFENSE COMPLETE, Pat Butler. The suthor pee ats simple technique for (foe men. andl women) 153 ‘photoeraph, eure sass BUDO FOR YOUNG MEN by (taht & Dranger. A textbook ‘ant. Contains everthing From frst enereites te cham 100 photos Buz 1000 SELF-DEFENSE, Pat Buter ‘an advanced book for the faohaieluding detenp tions of defense by tisk sed umbreli. LAE photo Bat $295 Captain MG. Harvey, MC belt the fre recognition of achievement, 68 line draw ane s295 SELF-DEFENSE BY JUDO, Captain WM. G. Harvey, i.e. The author Seterbar mare than 100 locker, olde, grips ey 5299 DEFEND YOURSELF. wir BUDO, A. P. Harsington. In jeker? The author els how with certain judo tech rigues. 72 itstratione and MODERN JUDO AND SELF: DEFENSE, Harry Ewer. Tht book ollare detailed vice fle a2 used in sport and in feltetense. Included» Special advie. on elt.de fants for women, 119 phe ane, $395 THE JOKES ON sUDO, Donn Dranger snd Ken Tre mmayas. Guy ind gilt fie IRidp atthe doje for a mat ful of cartoons. 27 pp. aise $100EVERY BOY'S. JUDO, AF. Marengton. Spaciat instru: tone sis lfered. to. the ferme 87 ustrations, Bur x95 EVERY GIRL'S JUDO, A. Harringion. Designed forthe Ye techniques, settee ng eaereises to incr Upptenees and strength 100" thuseratone, 6 hota araohs a8 4295 SPORT JUDO, Charter Ves hem. Over 505" sequence Epis, basic prncpteg ef balance, he throwing forms, and matnork, az 50 ment and what to expect Covern in “aeiail important Sipects such a3 crating your sppenent before. the lay and. outer play, the {ochnigues mast often used MOOERN JUD0, charles Yerkow,. Three large vat lames explaining all the techniques af 1uto. Bur (et. 1 Bua Teehmigue) an) 38.00 Teehaigues) ‘THE COMPLETE KANO aH. HTSU GUO) by Hancock & Higashi. The frat com Plate and authentic preven: {ation ct he Kare system of Ite, Rater to by the Encyclopaedia Britannien, sper: 500 Pp. 487 phator. But $2.00 WU JITSU COMPLETE, 1 yore Malas. This is the publishes this work to pr Serve the orginal techies eraiu ITs bua 3500 WHAT 15 KARATE by Oyama, Now edition ofthis ved Introductory Beak “on ke ‘te, 144 pp. 700 phate 10 fll pages in eater, 4" ox 650 maRaTe, THE ART. OF “EMPEY MAND FIGHTING, by Riiyama & Brown. an utstsnaing manual thst thoroughly analyzes all the Separate log and photon Tyee 104" oe S750 THE WAY OF KARATE by Matta. AN dxplanitisn of the Okiwwan sive of ke fete emphasising He value tod the mind. 209 pe #00 photos ons 350 SECRETS OF SHAOUN YEMPLE BOXING, ‘Robert W. Smit eon. This Book ie enthusiast eho wants mare ‘bout the foundations of empty-hand figmtiog TL pp. 62 phate graphs Be 55 YRES by Lee Unga. A fate, "Kungu". "Aung-Fa (a Rased on the Chinese ao Taf thatthe legs are rare sective in combat than the axe $398 PRACTICAL KARATE by Ne times OKETundementals BR7—againgt tho Unarmed Aesaliant, BKB — A Multiple Unarmed As ante!" OKS—Aguinat Atmed photos.” 92.78 per volume, THIS 15 KARATE, Masutasu Oyama. This trst English translation contains 2000 photogrenits of Oyars's niques, The author went i {othe moumaine for thee Years of Yarate training Be fore writing. this. volume, BEB ps. BU 8 12" Brio 15.00 ‘00, by. Uyeshioa. Not to bs eoatuead wth To het earier beck, hia e this hat by fe Uyeaniba, the Founaers son. The. finest ook on Aikido By far with scceptions! photos showing. Slap by-cep intruetions ‘des thats history the Founder. 0 pp. om plete with photos eat ws ‘AIKIDO, by Tenet One of fheveacart Dooke on Aikido tptsining and natrcting he AR ORR ws hag das in the United States. ater World War Tis 174 pp. with 17 Vtext-photes and 38 Tul page photos In black and tite 7k 10K axe 38 WHAT 1S AIKIDO? by K. Te: ‘nuocuces another beak to further explain the tern truthe that forms the Basle oF this Art 112" pp. with ‘ver 70 ilktestons, 6A" BEN FLESH, ZEN BONES ‘transcribed by Semzak Reps. A clandard on the Zen thal of every brary. A ‘sllsign of brit alan and BEE ene BS [ZEN A WAY OF LIFE, Chia: fxas! Humphreys. An intr ‘Suction to Zen and a system Be s95 DHISM by Suzuki. An ex plleation for the octedenal ‘of Zen the mou ‘he dct bel ‘CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 2