Top 30 Mostly Asked Java Viva
Questions with Answers
1. 1. What is Java?
Answer: Java is a high-level, object-oriented, platform-independent programming language
developed by Sun Microsystems.
2. 2. What are the main features of Java?
Answer: Platform independent, Object-oriented, Secure, Robust, Portable, Multithreaded,
Automatic garbage collection.
3. 3. What is JVM, JRE, and JDK?
Answer: JVM executes Java bytecode. JRE = JVM + libraries. JDK = JRE + development tools.
4. 4. What is the difference between == and .equals()?
Answer: == compares references, .equals() compares actual values (content).
5. 5. What is inheritance?
Answer: Inheritance allows one class to inherit the properties and methods of another class
using the extends keyword.
6. 6. What is polymorphism?
Answer: Polymorphism means the same function behaves differently in different situations.
(overloading/overriding).
7. 7. What is method overloading?
Answer: Same method name with different parameter lists within the same class.
8. 8. What is method overriding?
Answer: Child class provides its own implementation of a method defined in the parent
class.
9. 9. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?
Answer: Abstract class can have abstract and concrete methods, interfaces only abstract
methods. Interfaces support multiple inheritance.
10. 10. What is a constructor?
Answer: A special method used to initialize objects. It has the same name as the class and no
return type.
11. 11. What is encapsulation?
Answer: Binding data and methods into a single unit (class) and hiding internal details
using private access modifiers.
12. 12. What is the difference between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer?
Answer: String is immutable, StringBuilder is mutable and not thread-safe, StringBuffer is
mutable and thread-safe.
13. 13. What are access modifiers?
Answer: Keywords to set visibility: public, private, protected, and default.
14. 14. What is the use of this keyword?
Answer: this refers to the current object of the class.
15. 15. What is the use of super keyword?
Answer: super refers to the parent class object.
16. 16. What is exception handling in Java?
Answer: Handling runtime errors using try-catch-finally blocks to prevent program
termination.
17. 17. What is the difference between throw and throws?
Answer: throw is used to throw an exception, throws declares what exception a method
might throw.
18. 18. What is multithreading?
Answer: Executing multiple threads simultaneously for better performance.
19. 19. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?
Answer: ArrayList is fast for random access, LinkedList is fast for insertion/deletion.
20. 20. What is garbage collection?
Answer: Automatic memory management where Java destroys unused objects using the
garbage collector.
21. 21. What are wrapper classes?
Answer: Classes that convert primitive types to objects (e.g., int to Integer).
22. 22. What is final keyword?
Answer: Used to make variable constant, method non-overridable, and class non-
inheritable.
23. 23. What is an interface?
Answer: An interface is a blueprint for classes. It contains only abstract methods.
24. 24. What is an abstract class?
Answer: A class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.
25. 25. Difference between stack and heap memory?
Answer: Stack stores local variables and method calls, heap stores objects.
26. 26. Can a class have multiple constructors?
Answer: Yes, using constructor overloading.
27. 27. What is static keyword?
Answer: Used to declare class-level members shared across all objects.
28. 28. Can we overload the main method?
Answer: Yes, but JVM always calls the standard main(String[] args) method.
29. 29. Can we have a try block without a catch block?
Answer: Yes, but it must be followed by a finally block.
30. 30. Can we override a static method?
Answer: No, static methods are class-level and cannot be overridden, only hidden.
