0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 23 views26 pagesप्लेटो 62195043 2025 07 30 10 27
New way of learning unit not
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
(4289. 9¢ & 347 3a )
“ona a frat sites a weqa & gail a aet afew
sai wa aa ated & afta O aa 2”Ret Une yy
ower Usrifte aif - wet
Tories fa a ATH - SARL
argfrar teria far ar oe - Afraractt
Sawer a ore - ater
Sate masa a ore - at ST
Safe waar a ara - waret aret
Tris Faeciel & yrecars ar yecis gar wHETAFEE (Contemporary) TFA Firzia or
fia - aia tee
$2 steel are “efeetantta’ ot former amend & - ‘waster a afing'y
. ET Sel Pee (Normative) THe Rwier a orate, Tani aaa ep
WS He aT 1
oe SF ‘enle on afer oreviae’ (Philosophical Idealism) 3a. sf-arT ara
Uitte seh eta sf ste ae & xt qs area, erdufins fea & free (Ides
Bi art atten at et
fe 4 ortega Ram at aa a a
Sy ee wore smnes & eo et St aa Gen ea Hoe Ping Baa athe cee
at 4 yeas & a a sem”
wel fa ae are wea Us ations wee Yay
Canis wre sei ag at ay
Fa om
~ Oudeis / Medeis Ageometros Eisito)y" TT Sra (Arm eifarehete awrgftt
367 8. SIRT Ue sre stare Hwa
Free a wee Retagferad A
OS Ths ONS meted ee
og # see tera Bra
_ [5 eeSa a WHS ‘sre’ [Fares (Dialogue)] def F Fi saat erat a aH
gaa @1 fark ‘ais’ (laws) eR!
i Ye Republic, Statesman 4 Laws 4 sear WO writes ee wafed G1 eA
& aern ‘wel’ Hot asrifae facial ar ae E1
© eae a ais, Grad & wa a Gd we A EI
(a) ftafters (Republic-375 B.C.) -
o -et10 ey €) va Tait ATA (Concerning Justice) % aut er frre
fama & - mara aa crete won a avis 1 aa oreet Ure a Tes arta wT
ofa € 1 ae peewee: afrrea 3 Tech TE, we are et ee aires, sree,
wrifeam, fren wea atk sedemea vt & wifes saa vita a aeafa a1 aTae
. feaficra: a War ave ‘tetera’ (Politia) & 1 steitferen (feafeeras) ar cred Tora
wet afew ‘Tea-orerem 1 5a var ehfeen Hoa ot ed coda a Heads
sf afta @1
. areal U4 (Ideal State) #1 orerenftas ware & art A wat eae reifena , eetfere
a fufera a foram # fe ta an ar afer fran ora A OS gaa vier
fronts A tak ah at fra wa Bo ew fae eT EI
© wa yen sed Uae wre 3 fe et aT
. Sa. shin & arqan, ‘ftufere va are Bored cea aT ae eT Sar & fee ae
ve trie & afew GA red a fan ae wend Rerere! e UH aafre sree at
year wt"
O- wet 9 8 frg rer fered Seo Ta Be i wed A eee faved A Fr
wg Ufc’ (The Emile-1962) ferat
. are weet — “ea Geers Set Saif eq waa aA ae EN”
. sara 3 ype erat Si. saat Eas A feafeeras an Rare” are Bog F saga
fem &1
. wat a pla feafecrer Sart ery & fi ara aR aT Gere - ‘atta’ ( Utopia),
varttarcat seater at -'< faxet attr aa’ (The City of Sun) a wifira ant FS
7 Uetifea’ (The New Atlantis) $41 & Teo (Pattem) % areata F!
Ke Rtafteras Bats ware & se & si seit aro F orgeh Tee ar wT aA -
‘wen - ee WHT (Healthy State) -
. TART | TR ‘yore at Te! (City of Pigs) Fer 1 ad sores ah MET Tet
9h wr at ye a vite orarcernall at yfl Bq (am Roemer @ ‘feeae’
arin 112 [pb Lb Wrbable WERE B
wile “PIPHY 1% bhok [2 bib ‘2 bed bhilh Lp Fok |e pnw phd -( opaeyd )- Pslth
12 We bibl
1 one boeB Ipb 2 pike hous 2h Be (SI9SNIDY) lIbhBE Inve] @ Dow fe UolwIble .
folk bWbmR, D2 Yolk | 2 kab ke Lobb se poeh 1g pimp LLP b hDlle sb EMb
ak e YelkE b IEP YE YO 2h DET BEE - (“Sq G6E-ABO|OdY ) — yoyoynte D
12 Jeb Ue jbo we LIE, phe - (OUD) Ie
12 bob > |pbip, b (pps)
shi, Bie) 2 sea Woe bieole eh We pin ah - (umsodurds ay) niin} D ©
(syoog 10) per rete
12 lbh p WE | (UemIsazys JaAvaM
OY) EB, ip (uewsares 1o]Id ay) ,2apIn, (UELISATEIg 10190q, OYL) ,weRowIEy
ke BUA fp UeUUSAIEIS seyrle 12 Ubi: tbibe baB prs, Lb hua b o1gndsy e
Vinge Uel2 Debbie bb Ubi b [bbl PED) [wae UES sp
: SMUT] dbffele Alle U1? Rbblis Le [bbl [be DEUDIe IP [elfen wdJha dh ‘bie SB [up hie
bbe ubUIS=INIS 112 old 4% bite b bbe ‘Balb ‘YB p peur UALIe w oyjqndsy e
1g (21g (POY) bed wbjprb fb SMET
.
ee”
12 Bee ie ([ouNED jeUAMI0N ) DHYb [ple b ID 12
InbQRR) seYl2bike Le Yohbj wiki p wbYbIeD ARE I ple IY bie Beh ab «
- (Ora Lye-smeq) ya (9)
| tie) ubype Yk Bante Ye 1g Wbsellib Le fete BE | Iplr YP) Pile se sdb) Bh «
- (D'a 09¢-uEwsay yeIS) - Aphien (a)
UQ Wr Us sejal> bladlellr Isbhie| 2 WIZ Hep bab jadlie b Bie «
(aves asnf auL) pep jobip--pypb
12 BBB
Blin Ye WHI) fd Heb] b (Pir ‘|ieh b Lhe Uebie lab 2 Bee 2h ‘Z pile! wb
SEES Ue 2 RB mw Ye WE wp by wp phe Ig we shied jb mp BBA ¢
~ (ayes snOLINXN] aU) HAD DAUR) - PPR,
—_____ ateneee A Aa ARver
‘qrargfs® (Charmides) - 84 arerar a fran aa fran va € sate, gare & er
| ta) AMT BIH (Know Yourself) % fara feran ara €
gat (Crito )- oa sf sicist at ae Gard & vier a yyw fra-frrd @1
waftrargfsa ( Parmenides ) - ga dare A at A aT Theory of Idea’ a YAfeaiat
fam €1 Fe Fare care aT FI
affeiaa (Gorgias - 380 B.C.) :— 4€ Republic (375 Sad) a vee ferch we ot
Fr et
fanaa, ‘fea, dette, aR a Tete - =a Kk wal wae
qamefes — Te a aT afofer ach aT WaT HUT BI
acta - fran & dae AF aal wea @1
ica - Wea HI AE Ba HI IT HET TI
Pum AGC Gy tudy Methods )
frre waft ( Deductive Methods )-
. aa criti wala a fromciore waft sf eet et F
° are wef Boar Fae at sie wen € eit Frond wee, Frere aa, Fer
fof weal & ath aay 1 we ATTTTAATE (Normative) eww wat F
foofern 4 adi wala @1
. sce Wath aR feet ‘TTA (Inductive) €, of fafere 8 ears a
an aert @1
seava TH (Teleological )-
. waa 3 sree Set gern van aes 1 THR SER sel ae, Wee AY HT
wer a seers Sat TI
© et a Theory of Ideas 7 Theory of Form's (areti/franiaerai a1 frei)
sete waft we sents 1 ga art -arem wah oH wet EE
ARAYA /arTRUAT Wea (Analogy)
0 we ata at aad sta Stee a Sad are & nee aH eT FA ETCH
a ard F gay, git A de ae Sto A en ad ar Sea are A ge FE
wait semen waren - fever 4 afi ome ora A A die wt @1 TT Fe
ayer a a eI
. ‘sere a - ara wy (Human Cattle) Hat (Copper) at wee ein #1 9 3 a
a wea sae ai st!
© Gea alraerne ai — fied wea (Watch Dogs) 4 afét (Silver) & AAET
+ ater ciaverere af ai Tefteataret (Shepherd) 4 =i (Gold) # erm!© et & apa F sacar geTyUt Teta as wT -
1 TAH Eis 2. Mind ata
3. Werrat 4. Tan aS
5. Trt a staat 6. Tend, weal st iter e)
Uren waft
© set Rofers § fromrere safe 3 erage sete a Saat wat &, ae Statesman
3 Laws 4 freee safe ari rad eal 3 oer acy, feara a oH Bt eftere
arm Ku Gaz
wales waft (Dialectical Method)
oo amt wh, oe a dare & orem a fare Ferd we ugar fateh feral st caaee
awe sae aia Te one €, aforina ae Hy aT FR TETAS (Dialectical)
Waa am at aaa oe anita tte a vam fn Pa} ae are a A at
wah vafa ar vam fara
THF ya Geis & oem a wm frafafad werach a aga -
@) we7a aI faSia (Theory of Idea) 7M sTHR ai fara (siaRA sits trl)
Gi) sen a afta (Changes of Soul)
Gi) far1SR tan (Divided Line) #1 seem
(iv) “tat aa (Inward Eyes) a AeA ate
(v) 3A t aay € (Knowledge of Virtue)
(vi) ¥freern (Shadow)
wal St gets - Republic # aftia & - yer at ha’ a dates ae ees sen gH ETE
wen a gaa, wet & ag cafe at ‘omen ae’ & at F aaa #1
‘Bae Se - YEU Feu F fe ue ot TH at se wd ot yf & ar at A,
fra qe ox warm at sit qe Gi aan a at rat ge ta a we F fara
mei a eff fea ¥ sagt #185 fea ga awa #3 fe qa aaa @, a oR ve
wt ait vet Sa waa 8 fink al at dan et a awa #1
wr aged & ths at we qe & wars oH Teg fe TB fates of, TE oe
Toa F148 Ft Te 8 aE Go z, ae.at der at ae a saat TE (Shadow)
dan % ard @ 138 fe sogeh & Sa A aa z1
fe si agai 3 ors oe feb worgat' a aah 8, aa: 8 HUE wt A
art ca &1 sere ead @ fleet age a pw ae are WaT W cre arm @ seat ate
Sifter srrt ae sa Keri a sei anaes agai st Sa we Fi sa areata Ae
mam Ora & said sae ‘stat Ha’ (inward Eyes) Ga wh F)wa , eT UR
5a GHA AS SH‘ aT H afters (Change of Soul) 31777 # | sa
a mht &1
fe a oa ete HTS FO Tear vise oa (wa, aeafe,
bf toa wd a when 8 fae tee a TOM Gee
aia (World of Being) afica 31a @, afera STA (World of Becoming) = yer
ama (World of Ideas) @t freq, wraa a yt aa &1
‘penta tat’ (Divided Line) #1 aevd & - stfter Sa a afeH om BY aes
yeaa Sa - Fe, Verde ari, see area, Far ae ame Awe a
. am a Zia ‘wera & frgia’ (Theory of Idea) #1 & fou ei
. qe gaia a aR Fe @ fe serew at, To A Be ae @ ora: EME a aM -
ara enifrs a aerert areas |
o aart aie fra wen Tera a ea & fore ora A wfactfinn wet &, cred-grea
fi gd ver an aart a aagph age a aa sie at ore dt a am-ded Foe
a wai
. aa: GRU, Tae Bowe e - fra Ted A eee sieia wer oie wa &, oat aT
we waa fap tm t1"
. Tye at dra ar eras a nerd ta een Te &, afew TH a Gon Ha oom onthe
wee ta an eI
. ayer sree Ga 9 laez, ste, atarere, frre anfe aga A greia (Analogies) #1 wa
far 1 care ai et Gea ‘wet Hat’ 4 a eI
Pico om cic MMS RMR
Y da % a am sem - saa wea/faan aw feta a arent a fireia
ea fagia a amen ars @ - aa foam Foam a A ae E1” (Virtue is
knowledge and knowledge is Virtue)
© sare fgia at weer & fore wet 4 ‘fasnfra ben’ gine em wt asa ae wT Tae
fran %1
© aur arate, wert ( Real is the shadow of Ideas) at uferasrat &
© ya fagia a anert & feu unedia ae @ gern areas @1 aS & ara faa
Fawn ze \
1 franc strane at wera Sa (Ideas) — media
FE Eh ae at fen feeds & ae acer eh Fg ates & Te a Be
saat se veERTa
Forms) ::id %, sat ver sitevag oma oftadaete a ara @1 ara oh far ofan gard
ARTE & eno &, safe ara oh far TH fran (Ideas) €, Brit wel sea Teer
Uae Hea € - aT We RI)
a URS geld F aa z fee send ahh eferayfe aren aa wr ATA E sya ‘vita
ata? aah sig aren a arenes ara re eT Tt citer wear we gs a sree wT
wa
Wet & argent - “an Gwe (enh) & safis aa art F1 oa & are te
via gai H sod wea E, Ma, Ha a Gears wet, Tare aa TA E, TH TH
wi aid a dit a aa wa G1"
war Gal a wea fagia - am fagic % areata FI
am aq a aq dw Zz
fete, arr a wfofara ara EI
faavaea aya San Hl YS ae z, sites sfren fra eH areas AA
23 %, ae fant at wed a tI
fan (Ideas) wart da @, W saat Wo sta aeent wet FI
6. a (BEPY We) URN AR, arf TI
7. a ae we Eh eA eae ead Bae, a A aaa RE, His
Sh et fead ta @, ae cam ge aa tm safe aA TAS eI
8. wh feed ta & ae aren et @ afew oraR (Form) HI UH ETA
@
9. am, fra wt aan wea & ak ea we fear Tae SB) gee Ted
- Fr a Fa wre feu wr wed T1 FS fH Hee Is a we eT a
Wa & ya ava or qe ares - ‘aif wen’ st om Ft eT HET FI oa: ae
weal @ fe - “oa ce erie Toa aA oT oe Rife a aa ca om fava F uf
eafaa ae arity”
wel & art va ee gre te (Tart) ees st ae Te age fee ata: Ba UE ate”
(Complete Greek) #@1 Sa @1
We ead wr wore - (tat F gaa Gasiifad town E" - teat)
1, FUT a AT at aritgaT -
© Fam anda es Aen’ & qe &1
aa a Fart wre H ‘sit’ (Arete) wer aim €1 frwan ae! ¥ - area,
area :
2. Be & wae - [era ee fF yeaa st ao Teeriea @ sae waa 2]
sey o
wveat weqquit & att a chen a water wag arm F - =a (Justice)
3. WRT Ue wee -
o FAT aah a ae ae a & sai wer Hen Stet HT aad F fre
yan cieet, A saree aet ce at ‘A & ad & fee it feta at
area Crt S1 set wa wT aT a Tat aren eis et TT FA
¢ “sma ata @1 aa: cH Sieee (ceanftreal-eraaet) eT gers BET aTfeus"” -
qa
4. Hrd-arur dae (Teleological Method) - TqerrTHTa aI Ae fasia +t GHAI
a wife t1
@) WF = al 7 Fea afd I Ae, AS ST at TATA, etfrew warTA (Gender
Equality) & elf weer a1 fear fern) siseiicg 3 we sa oe aa ats SH,
wer a ey ae wie aa A cen ay fer weattiter EG aH
wast Ft afer & yaa st ea at
(i) Fafeea a Tafragisa - Gel % ‘Theory of Ideas' (wera * fagia) wy eH
wa @1
7 Pm cirm ies) Zz
© fof ay qe fous et =a 21 feats ar soit F —"Conceming Justice”
orca A Sema a fr auntie, wal & sigan ~a (Righteousness, TATE) Afra’
Tye & feta a ae weg & ot cafe at fae sit ie egal at sneer st
WW A shear oH ot A utd ate dt ge’ & eis rar wea oar EI
E71 shes wala & - Dikaiosyne ( Peemrtrarita om fearerys )- we aa 8 FTI
IN FI (Dikaiosyne) (Fearrereay ' ar axel Beare aerrerrorar ar Afra (Spirit
of Righteousness and Justice) |
° 8 sen aa firgia 23 & wea Frefatian ye afera wal aT UST wee - ste
whe ae gtegey gre we =a Fst 1 Tea ar & (Ae wie SP
3D fe ar sag fawia a eT HT. eIeo ee
: co gn eH oe Sod NS STS oa
° Paine fra FI eT
asin 138 SHO TAHT, SE ATH PTA TST TR = |
ihe garth a re gk Mer ST HTS (FATA SIF HI eA ea a
Agra re aca UT Garaei Hr aTHISATS wh fete fears 8 1
Stevia, safer a deittae onfe wits cif Eee |
2 ArraRTATe (Humanist) & 1 aaaTaTa a HTAG S fee AGM eS se & fore gah
fared aaa e erties Venice a wits wer E -ET aaH ay
Ares e 1 FaWHR aie ye Safar A |
+ dire argaa mya fasia aa wt Attar’ (Relativity of Truth) ¢ Stara gfe
‘“dgraarel eftzantr’ (Sceptical Attitude) % sentta & faraer ares & - favter a
WAS (Absolute Truth) Sat ag sts aet & seta Bs sit fasia, saeren, Fea
fran & eu, ore sik fete F adara aa at aera Se fe ta A aa ag erie
ree & fora al Preaer a sift aes AS, aes Fa eT aA sified & aA
‘ATA YH (Truth and Good) & a 4 faxaea ara wre vel fovea a ap eT aeraaTeE
water Gara, eel onfe a APT oT EsTeH Tafa @ eA fagaortta Aer (Universal
Truth) 4 WAI (Absolute Truth) Te Vea AHS |
[Aree a ore at ae a ores a earner steer ae alos phe eee AT a
free Fant Aged 3 art eeel—gfif & fore fara asa araifer Aaeita (Social
Contract) #1 € |
eT a rpc me Safes Use ah 24S he Mas, Ga fe deat
el“ arrefemet an freee Vaart at alae, rags a ee ””
IZA rr Harel (Geral) FH caterer ga eine as na aT A ques fre é |
[78a & ot a ioe sterner a sites faena atm areata eet rae
[oom % Fafa fercin vitae feaal at 2a € cities capac, sitreraTdS$ te
4. ara a eT fiegta (Traditional theory of Justice) - wertar-aarea 4 saat
wa wiciaRae
° tera - oa - ae ate a an asf gar”
¢ Ueiterma- “sae were AY wl ag 23H oh sae fare afaa €1""
frat. “fri at wong aon a agsil at ane acm a = &”
«Get I ae fey TH @, saa fa a wg a Ae ae aT!
2, aa ar BITS aT aS wares Regia
(Radical Theory of Justice) - detten
¢ dittan - “uhemet a fer et =a €1" fraat ot saat fa arf ae a
Wal
o WRT S aan. adites a aaa ar ae faaia wad & aha & seria Gretta
eae"
¢ ‘aa, ae 8 aren €' wee a fed A a 21 atemet ara arm e, a
(3H) THR VS Fa a oe Hat FI)
3. =a wt auredarct firgia (Realistic Theory of Justice) Tala 3 Utes (wa & ag)
¢ ‘a va am fag @' cen ‘anit 1 araraec 1’
¢ tae ae i a oe on fe ofe art cen 8 aa ae ae aes
STITH HM Sra 1 ees H AMT aa a re Mt ACY a ya en sar
al Bl orergercrat a
¢ sage di fests =r a aa, afer, Fim cen vada ae aed & wate
wa & SER I sre Hare HH ay 1 =a cafe Tet UH aif Ata
Haun S|
. ae Sar arta STAT ST YT at orem 1"? see Ar wT Er"
— Justice is human Virtue _
Cuma TS) Omen)
1-Fets/ af (Wisdom)
2. HIE (Courage) fray wera a (Auxiliary)
3. H74 (Temperance)= afinfera Fa a —
tires rere at dian) et et sag,
: Fee ee page of A gem eH ATA TAA ERT 7g eg
\
. ey, og eats #1 oe wee sa Fe rg
ca ope ae & St Tas BT GH A BN FR TST ! .,
wmaietet - a a a val Ht Ta TaeTETH AAETA’ (Architectonic
FP Treory) ea E ous
. a yar an ae & - faa, aes, aH a aT fe cae A eae a Fao ah ay,
aim, ae saa Gh aren tien atk fared A a TeTT AA ae TT AE TET ore A,
fade vem, aren feta a aa qt aa aq AT EI
© ama ad é - fever a Sepem!
e Ce ais wp ator, um aia ard Ay A aaa ort wee cafes Bre art ate
vofa a weil & agen art wen, vets art art oa Pavitt ered A freer trea
en aan qa & ari A ead a wer A aa Fi sera a nd @ - Ga & ar
a agfaa wae
© Faye Ga am fas aoe 8 ari fae a ard fesritarn oe ae om EI ae:
wal & =a fasia + ‘card fagrdtencor ar fata’, ‘ sreerara ar feegta’ a ‘care aT
‘afr Sm ar fea’ oi aed 1 fara reed uci ai gr oA UH aTgER |
araaran ard een den ged & ard F eeady a aa
o tamar ra STE WaUR (sae aH), spe He (Af ah), Taw A
Carifre te)" ar aH ea 1
© Remand fare Hakerar (Alasdair Macintyre) a fan @ far - saraqel safes a
wa Gree wi? ca wey Had A im ae fea F
@ sep cafe ort rent dita wen €, zits sat of a aa qa fe a
G) fae ents et ae a gen 8 ofa gai Fae ax wa ZI
Gi) Oe a BAe gira A wh aa EL
fre meer, er wf aria eae a orm or @, ea da a A acl wat
tar aa & Sh eee a enfaa SH Foon aren #1 ete ager! an wept UA
4 ven ora &, ait FH wa Hapa ae Er"
© aid ar are @ fe care et ware a di F |
iw vara — wees af arr are een a war aa am AcE & aged aM
wuHl
DD Brenan sare —chit ail gra sea—srey faire sort ar Garerdt @ weTeT FCA!
va wa ‘ard fafineanror ar Rata (Specialization of Labour)’ “i #02 t!
rE
4
; |2B ae
, aa at fe 8 aa a ani ao tw aot wy, geo amas 3 oie ad
fe ar ae area we ti ara: ae wera a Aree cm Ft wea A =m ae
ave @ tga tr ee A canaa a aaPad wen 2) ga FER = A aT
arial &-4 armas shi ga dei a ang aie ae #1
© Cares cafe Sri & wha mafia em) seem snes we, Saree (Law and Order) 4
anand ei fore i arava an) erfere Frade (Nisbet) 4 frat - “wa & fare
qaeg, 38 far 2 SSR Be ATE Sa HH. fore of et, ae ze et fax cafe at Peter arent
(Absolute Freedom) % 14 a % fitder =ara (Absolute Justice) #1 wag HR
fara se "”
RUC Re Ble Cat oc Mento a erate Me nce CntiS}
sat. HET A ar YH - Master of Political Thought-Plato to
Machiavelli - (asritfa farwt & arart - tat a Afearacit aH) Hal aT
fagia a aire aca waHcTerH (arqaiea) Faas |
© Frayer atk & ail 317 (Organs) 3178 A YS wed S, Sat ER VT aa say
Bowls, sss sist ward aa wT
© ara aufehefacaa eat! an aierd @ - =a, wr ara (Architect) Ht ae ete
21 fara var arian waite, aretaierd, qian, crear ifs & aril A aaa
eafia a wea-fraio aa @ | sat wer =r faae, ae g Ban & ae shar
arisen aaa Gan € terete are i or ea A are a er are a EA
ara Tame |
IR HT aneyHNT ST! (Architecture Form) — ‘Waa’ wt Bia Hea Sa
SRGSR Ae ot stiiaes fated & ara aa dam A ated %, sah ples
aren a ard & ata Fruita ae Sct F 1 oor arafaed a te dl aga Gat FAT
Sea at a fear at a Pree Seat wer a, aa aaa Prada Tae SF ara
wara-Pramth (Regulatory) |
° FANE a eraaard a Praaoree |
@ wai a sa Usa Al Yet Wea ( Healthy State )
Zia ea safer a4 BEET aT TT ( City of Pigs ) Fifer wea Fife BA
Bae F Sac safle sali at A caren es Ei ci aa are sie srs
ai yf & fee aufaa ee
* Few wea ad dm, 1 vate Tet) ae Tories wears Te E aif eae BE TT
wi faa vel @ st aya ware} ara fea a wea HI Bae a eae A
wi wi si ae fark serrate fea a ae wae FIae
wet
.
ry
@i) er tet (Larios 0 ar aa fata tm at frente a
Te ;
wa) at ES ice State )
_
(iy saree nt Bt IE TE perl TR) TAN eT TE
.
+
se a Td fs ore vad et @ ey
Fe ep hn wart a ate wert ae Ho ey
a eee ay cara ah an € ve Tere wera we
cows or (ated rage Tea) a fer ho gt aT Pa A Te
ara ara (nif erga) arr Agee Fdam as ore eT RATT a
ae ow ter af & ot wept wae wr aA fed TART AT ;
safes Wa ae A remrall a arofefraen aI ae A fren oH Wa A ace Se
#1 frenfamat at yet & fee ge a 1 ee wT te wer eG ae EL
wae at A arerpi wa tet aan & fd ‘Bot yew’ ws Hed SI Tae Tal a
wer & feu - afre at (werae wade) Ger ate @ cen re wret & fee aris
ai ae dere ol (wee + afm) ae was eines at tate ae P| eae
ar Aforat eet @ — eee, Shree a sere ot ae anaes ‘certs wa! 1
wai ‘qi wea 81
Fa var Tortie wae a sige wT a aR aa é - ‘ure wret # Ga!
wa a aren é fe oR ge Ge fare af (Seen) a fare at afew, wife
vefe A ae ame ye ft & citi owe eine vat Lasiiwet & FIM
-aa ee fasia Yd Wer fim aa Sah at fad e-
© fe arm ard Corte) Tea a aR ae E (Harel gah faratta ois
a) ui a
' Tea hee Ue fare arf ore tear wafees (amyfte citadzaet
Efe Festa eo ane we ase ed Foe wo a ee
1 WM amis ei wa afte ga ae safe mata ‘aden #7
TEae nn,
eee
@ fofare 4 aftta sree ara ereifis oon gra aufaa em wel weer at aren Fruita ard
garent 3 araarqER Fe a, sree I F sterfven ee
eo ara at mf & A ares A - 1. fen, 2. ara
4. fran — Fe a aT BT alt ae Weare & otrefere TEF Efrat sre
ate Gent F1
2. Brea — Fe TET a ifr AT I
aafq, - aefsa wit a arias gars & fen, safe afte a area fren & -
array
eo) yiifae ae - Ga & aes & area a oncinen F He t fe Sa wT are
anentere queai a sifser Frere € 1" stats - 'Aferar rere & fore fern sttaferat (fare)
a vata 1"
eo) Wet aa fara & - ‘fren vf otk geafa & ara 4 afte Tepl @ wife ae
dant Awe 8 te ae F vale wera are Sl we He are UIs a THA ST
wife eT ZI"
Lo aa 8 han a was a Aaa - “eTet! a wT B fem EI
27° Re a 1 — BrATEH TH (Organic State) @
ai a tH wpa, alae a afer deen Saif OFT & farts cae Prat ae
afew fara gan @1 wert a atte a Saw at wed ZI
© set wat athe us a fade aa St aam aa: a Fa “WES Pegeare” a
‘fadavita aifirrazs ate’ (Enlightened Absolutism) #ea1 @1
SF wa cafe ar eg wT EI" -areT
AP Ta a Baio aie a vega & gai 8 agi afew saa we ae cafe H afta B ta
€1" -eet
aris at arco
6d areafere gart adi at aan (gant) sit aM” see & arith ae ores ToT
wel afee ornfgdt ar men 21
a cada wag archaeon ae Garis owe, gaa a safe a wed Fea aT
BaF aan ores ai smfierer @ srerra are cada fees Tee
wa ced A maa oaen a fig wo HT ze! aa
ea AE ee, of rand a fare | APH (site) fran chara a TTA
(Anarchical Democracy) #1 warfifires oraeen ar faa ST HFA A
Elite theory aren Stef sft citafa at owe, apa a queried a we ArT #1
—__ it}—~
(Plato's Education System and Communism)
ea a fies a yer sta - ore Tas Ft TTT ST EI :
ool a at erat & fey aa aed ze)
©) =a at waren & fae a orem ai - fara @ BATE (Education & Communism),
eo Sa 3 a fren alee at fron FI
. ware — aol Prot fren career ot wer gat fre ome Fats a ere fire
RAR A
© cenet - uel adatte fren ore of gaa untifte a Shr fara ve wer fee ore
a cael 9 ci-qea at war fren et ort et
eo @et- 1. artatre fren af ora gro fen at ore a1
2. eta yea Sh & fee war fren rae a
3. fan a de ae F afer ore -
(@) watts fiat - ae 20 ad aa wert #1 20 ad at ong aH et Gar Mee wT wafiee
fern 69 4 ae wa uae oTeT far al Tiss ( Mousiki ) sik frnRea Hee FI
© wityée (Mousiki)- 34 dita ait afeca ai a faa eta FI .
+ fronitza- frrnfics 3 aq crafted adie ora a ae ana & afen ie
al agfad aned i and & fra fra ved &1
© yaaa a seer ote wel eet & ara: Unies a aia at fren A ae el see
af (Appetitive Man) #1 fren ded 4 ore sea vet axa @, farg fafa del
4 ta om & fe sorem of st ort emasit & aren fafa fea amet) vee
ahaa 2 adf F afrard ate fren a ont &1
© afte fara - whet -'as wHee & fee sfaa ver & cia fers a, feet ote
at va ta & faa ara aan at sravana aet ahi”
(@) ver fran - weft fran Fea Sa aa Shrew aa ora anf ser fran Sts ae 20
435 ad at ong om ari ga oa A of Heo st aoa ah Wea @ oe #1 aa:
wa nfo, safes a aherea at fen St ome anf sear sige a aretha free Bt
eel ver fren Teams at a uni F ate 1
. ‘yea art - Quadrivium - (el Wea) - Fa aM A aR Fens siento, wits
fear, eafafa a dita ar Te Sara TIT aT
© feta art - Trivium (freen) - Fai axa, Th (Logic) wa arEuga (Rhetoric)
Bl FRA Ba A AT
——— ht] 8cq smefter frre - 35 & so ad at ong aa Tae aie fen a onan shes
any fear ore &1 Fee wet eatin, ree eet A efi eit
BL PR ARTE SeaTER / Foret at Be fee Pera at ree ae ahs E
¢ Wa & agen feen ster wt wer areth winar & oh ster A aaa a sive az
at ‘areertt/ sitet ata’ (Inward Eyes) Gert $1 ar & vara A et oa ara
sitar % wet sqeeat (Objectives) BH Yea THIF)
© aek-aefndl a warm fren fren safem safe a sa wifi sit at Thea
rat ama A at. ora vet AMT Fa Wei Fae ugehice a wend e1
© csi a mer A afeeneil at rttent & day 7 ae (Aristophanes) utetiea a
quad &1 ufecttra 3 ‘ufetaric & feel’ gern A feral at ereata aritert ar
ada fret a
© ores “foam cafe & snagaeat sa werent & fem vel @, fre goa ata ar
A, va pl weal & fae at 2, fire arte ate arr e1"
© Aetna - et ga feritfitet aed (Phenomenal World) (stein Fan) HTH
Fefertfact aitéz (Intelligible Order) (aifea amee) % wfrw % wa Saar ela
Eaeae
© aa ate fren, eigen aa aan eh a anata a aaTe eel at TEM TET
a ren fr ZI
. ieee arf (Guardian) QS we ae wat € — eH ae, GRA afr sea: HR
wat} d samt -
() eae ar arerarg — geste ret See, Froth aenfar aeT Mt ATT francs alae
aie ei ga wate dah fra ar wads aT
7 deere ant wenft ar oftcam ate, went a tat art (sere ae) a eatca S|
© ae aaa ai, aad & eter ( Proletariat ) ar wala wel &, aes FAH TA A
e meme yh ft 1
. ait, weer - eae Se cera a firerger a Tefal eT Tat &, afew Prergerae
saan ofr wen Fi ae vicar Mt wes a Ua H ys Hatem!”
7 GA cafe reer anf ayer Be yerearen a were & aes Her, Tora
@ we aa #1
© arp — “geen a soe wr a a ura aT SA BT TTT gE PeTE oF
FAR wa & fare sa ed weafs a fae eT STI”
ETGi)
°
oe
.
.
‘after a feral at ararare -
fear 3 array a SAA! AT a Tee! HY AST Ta F hs Tae Ta; aR
eet Sw a aan fea a aad st aah se a AR thm, Sh eT afta
ace A uaa & aa A aie S1 GH HH ae eT Ty Fee gore a
a tat @
Wea 8 wae 3 wife eT are, Ae BTR A ee ont St amet qe’
wit &
dae of & yea g feral wet vet ett, os Fria arate FE, gwd ot wag
dan ta ett a wast at eet seer Ter & franca we eh
fant — Cafe Sat ara shea tte tt eet Carrenfeat) Bot sakes cre (are)
wai”
fare -
1. Wafe a oar a ara sere af oe ary et eT
2. Wa, Bi-qer ware a et aerate HI Heat Tades onl Wel wer af
Cae ate) 9 feat a afta axa & safes oem feral at ote ae #1
weal A tere of & fre fst aeafa sik fst vita are at fer wie ad
FER, WIM, cafes a azar wet Fi sa wa dearal an ster ya qaet
ara arenits ern fae - ‘feat ot ard Vt aren edt Fr
waa & et aera & hd wh ara ae of fer a fe a thm fafa a akg ar
we ditto at ade wei eee a1 Sa ea Ugeiea area’ & aude a fe at
3 Wee pice amas emma A a Si aa: SE fen, wea a dea art A
Tam tee fit!
Se ee ae tot fet oe the tt
wl Yaa ay ders gai st wet uw sem feed wa ada T
Be ee ant a Boe we eal ra wae nt
RT| ashe a ae a wh
afeed 3 orem ae Tah teh ‘alt we See ee
Fee (Fite) 9 fea den at amt ar seeea "Stock Breeder" (35 ara ea ta
EN) War AAs stars wt al ah ara wh ’ 1
(Ironclad System ) =rren ae ¥ 1 SEs wa A aie Ot A ae
weet - “eta eT ArT Aaa a AR; Bt
der - feofare 4 oe a waa & at rags “ft
yea at dh ara on it 7 ara” ieee
Frater - “a Fi ctor ahead, eres grower sin at ate sara”
are - “ag UH cam at win & otk ae wit wats | at me ey"[£2 }
(ia eps g ebm bab sebe UB Ibe ae blk ably GR se inate
ton uy fp bod BK |B WIP rhe se EE BUR sbkyRle, ~ Us els Me 424m ;
12 the B ehie p
iy sun sem Le Pa DAE Hse Ue Unabieleiele Yak tele fs Lt Ys
abby kb MOBI LU Ep b wlbE elie +b Pla 2b YE BEE SABA Lae ah ie
= (Aovssomy pesrqdosoyiyd) wis Br) spi yary
wig Wblple Bk bbb be Dibpbue wbemy >,, BE 7
12 be (99u981] [230] yeuoney jo ajdiouug Ajusiazaa0g )
pie we phn ye ByBipp, we WERE fe ebUR kyle & bel polie &
yeh 12 ime (ueIprENg aed ) gown Yoh, Ue ib sey IP bIRE BER) BE PEA «
1B Bink B
OY e LPB) SHIP b sbbIIE Ys Bite Iba Pile 12 wb Le EBB P kblis Bele}
<(eSpaymouy 103 ISITY.L) (2 Bubhj-bUe “12 Wee kh BYE Us Und Bip spbllk sphiYRl> —¢
[Wid 2b B [bhi 2k 1uJ2 Ebi 1p iAplie BS +
= un sebyyete
ie pbk
We fp dibryDD! whADE [LEE sel Jp WDE kedjlle ‘Leb fe (2Ea kee|p |e WEL}
B nblee ble Pw se Pills kK Indbee We Web, ~ 2 URDY tke Usb ble .
12 we
Ibid [ Iobllt b bebe ‘WEbllok 22D [ub Ilsdbto-bYls b Uedbote Job Piedjhe fy elle
bpd Bb 2 tte) IndMblivb Uo sb Iai fe |e WIP se [PB selikee ‘2 be Ibbalplie be
(Ksoayy, sqnog aay] pur sosse[ 90sY]) , ellie LIP b Jub kip, sb [Pb b bwBite?
pb PHU b EIB ‘be -[yb EP fe bible
VQ URE) BRIE Lb pelle: e debejette 1 RUM eltee A
(e0efd aySry ye ueW IYSNY) Lies [BB ‘djbo 1H -bislfb! bk fe Inde[biab) ple
«l2 WEB Webable bipbih AUS Le beb,, - [tn 12 WP Eh Lie wpe Bho
iP bib fob ABE be sbilile /Ipbblb 2 pbb libbial - 2 he Bob) td wjro bed,
12 lol Le bab pple —blbeae
8.
9.
10.
un
MOTT
. (tes) eet ar Paste at FeFEA’ (Stasis) ea #1 IAS apie,
Te od ora fom fam oad 8 a EIR
She of (aa ah a safle af (sees), eri art at onan an ay
HS fart oe a a Ate af & 7 safle WATT wh 9 eH ate a en
3 fete eat & cart & fore entfie of at a gana fea
‘sai YB" F FAR (Propagation of ‘Noble lie’)
@i) er 4 afer we aaRi
wate a aera
fear mara - fora ot faen a men are Fm ahh
ae cet eros @ afer star st er)
PE I FRG - Rule of Law wei Bn areal
.
Te oriPie orem & ont A aI
ain
+ Steeda SH onchan — waa chania an az nets #1 CGA sera
W ochawa frat a iaa free, urea
. ml ae fram, Terie eat A afta ‘aul fausa’ a fren yon & fare
wen & fata act a oo at acofa aa ne Bi we ot Ge a mM, YS a
af, Si a ava a ac a aE ta qu = =
«38 few aa 8 aohtasa, vio a Sai ta aa 21
7
GE TE foferm % 10-15 Are are fevet wet
sed ffs A wenym - nite aon & oe , wet Rew A aos & a
yf Pats A eH Fert - uri a aia (Classification of States)
Taare waar eee
al eT WAR
aes
safe
(Lav)
Tan
aa wet (Un | Ca) ae aahwat a eres | saferaret wordt
Lawful) (Extreme Democracy)
ear a ga (Lawful) wel FT (Monarchy) #ataa, cara (Democracy) 77a
fare em ae afirstada (Aristocracy) ara ¥ em
© SRA a ara (UnLawful) ‘ari A‘ srfaaréi citada’ (Extreme Democracy) Ware
wen yeada (Tyranny) Aaa figs aa qeWa (Oligarchy) ata # arm
° Gad ver S wa a & ,
(1) oh aa (Perfect State) - 9e Heat a WMI
(2) agt aI (Imperfect State) - 4 sate fafad 6 war @1
So ae A en ahs ‘TH aT Hie’, Statesman & et fer @
Lee Bats fiafeers at mara Tene €1 sales Feafeers a srevtarct #1
© Seta Fea a ae wa at Boe and F Gt PH ei E - cee (Timocracy),
shfernat, Sanka a fet (Tyranny)! wt wera at offer aca ‘fee’ a1
@ Timocracy - a4 HHH, weeaeien 3 Ferra wfa Ha vat F ara: ge fa,
farrard a safra edi @1
Gi) Oligarchy - 7@ Fo wea wr wes Ei eH wT aaa ee wees fe ae FI
ara sft a sferrdtal 2 avn et ar & 1 eta fate ae sera era & FCFateh, aes 3 aT Sheet 1 ITT ST
4 goa,
” pour = wo tt ad Fin Get H Fea Ta aT
ae Tyranny - a eh Tar wr TRH Sew HHH
area #1 28 :
a amit % fants 21
each mE TAR € TE
cee #0 ican ge at
oe ee oF cnn) #1 ee SS
nea warm 1a BI
jaz a fren Taft A
srs Hae Teen ae Fra Feet
ra Fr, were, THT A TCE, FANT SEE
a FE er oe rh fe wera (Codes) TD
2 8 anes rt, FOE re fre FTE wh
eran &, wa Hea 41 few (Noctumal Council) FI aa
owe aa a aaa wt Fh
. waa Ga -arg A wr at sea! Fem FI
eae aa Hates a sitar Gere @ | faa VET © a far aire & fenfera (Phillip
of Copas) 3 farm Fa Germ A arp wai war fee Tea e Rate, BIA hl WAT
(Rule of Law) | ee fl are ae 1
. cari fare H Ideal State a ao Ei sel ‘ata’ A caters oarerenfars a mereka Tt
su al ste i aregt iow) ra facia dire 1174 (Second best State) #7
ae \
Bye eee ee eee
ai fed & ata @, safe The Laws 4 ae fat
Was a sae tan Fi caw cafes (aren) H ai, fa # fated @
=
1. Sat Hay eT AR -
° Rafer a 7
Lae 2 a a aR RE ET fe ae The
A orn fm we Be ear aa fer 7H Z 1 The Lave
fen 7TH #1 ne ee oa eeSern ie
2. BR HT AE -
+ fofere 4 fade, gfe an ne & wate Laws # a aafa wa
ag TE aes we arp & ager em oe wa os
3. fafitt Ta ( Mixed State ) at fafira afer ut watt
4, Tar at onions @ ania tafe ter sem -
¢ Wa aR ea | em ser saw ome aT ae in aR wae A TE TA
: Fa WHR Sel Wea a BER ae ag am Bh ge Tae are &, if aE oI
at ta gfe 4 tam @1 safe aeq amie wa a oer aT EI
¢ wil UI at areT soso aa #1
5. er /emft aftaa_ (Nocturnal Council )
¢ The Laws & aif qeai we um atta dea an ava @ - dteeeret sift rast
aon wea Ta Fett Fi ae ari & afew ster an Prem a fram oH aa e1
yaa ca al ta @ A wae gm Wi aM z1
© ae den aie Us Ha HE Hh ar a SH G1 ea We ae te Soe
Wa (Sub-Ideal State) %K UH WER @1 va Bifaa Fafa oafe wa a AY TH
ary a3 ara a ar TAMA ae oer St aM arp densi ar Prizm aed Z1
ellie ARAL alike is SS a
© Ga wwe siete a org fet Sa Fi oe a oreafem Ua, wae a oa
safe arrarg Ft sea FT!
© dl ar weet ancien & — are tees tue are afte germ - "Open Society and
Its Enemies" 2 Gat Fi “Halferercare wer arelfres wera” sear F1
. die & organ — Sah H ae, wera a fren one fata - Fregearare @ ateerare
A fain adel Q sham sewd Eel chads fateh, oes fateh a ga aA aT
fete €1 aay A ae worth I aA fra
© ara afta 3 st arr TT "Historical Inevitability' (1954) Aum a wi weet
& ‘efreraare’ (Historicism) 3 seta a € aan wal “ew a Farad’, TETAT
3 cafoare ar fate aaa &
7 afer 3 aren fr Ga watts a save afer ar sfirae waar ART ae A oie BT
afeta oh waar at after at anette are gers (Historical Inevitability) 4 #4 @1
©) areuaus. wtaia (Ge -Plato Today) ‘i saan ance & - etal EA a ATT
Sr a a & fre era at)" —HTRET '
Ta a red To... SYA wa wafer chads eT € afew eepT ca
a angele aah a Geterda & SH fg wea serear Bere ete % wha FT WHE
ara 1" - wtaaaFTF They
= ante aed € SE = “Use a TER! g
. an ari vegrftare a eer Seo 1"
© wat amie - ea ~ ‘vga FrgQuaTee! a ‘frdasig
_ Ga a ania TH TES " Sera:
© wat Pe daw ae, aC gfe ge amy eH
. Ree te ee A ge
wart @1 f ;
. fe ron net 7 Eg,
a
. Stier: 1. aR free
2. Wf - In Defence of Plato
3. WIA ages - Plato's Modern Enemies
4. Fear
. seat [Emerson ] - “wet ft aght a apis a wet &”
© fait - "a First Ut
opian 4 ""
. $a Se (1902-1994) — afeg sie fafen anit @ shee
. Sei WA aH TTR - ‘Open society and its Enemies' (1945) 4 Wa, ta
Ber ea TS Ro Fer HG ae a Oey fae ead
es ets oa a erat at ata fen
. TA aE & fe at Brae i
ineering) aI were de) vada
BU" ~ ret te aise NESE RO aor wt
“Westem thought, one mi
ever non-Platonic" - Kanth ine vag om
‘0
Raiman . cither Platonic or Anti- Platonic, but
Per
So. ar wal & fen frwia are a amy a afrat & Preg cama Er”
oda - fevers A serTae ara F sat he a ad at
wert) ee
aap - “ore wa al st watts Afra ate #1”
e oat - US a aA on oh a a ae”
oaael ata — “afar fins ar oh tard we & a a fateh, Afr aree ah
aaa we eI"
o Rees - td FY chads at ater wafa @ gon 5 fe amare chady a1"
etd (Natorp )- ‘wel an arene, ‘ig aera’ (Quasi Communism) €1' we ae
aa eral (Guardian) & fee %, sorem of & few wet
© ama - “tard ya SF st atten aan sta ae ae afte ore 21" Hite oar
& arg A a feet gS cond fra ae)
wre Cine, wari, Tae a Tar antes 4 Weel at Balfirarcandt a wraterdt aera ZI
ater - “wae fara ar ye tard) forsee @1”
a. Sane - aial- ‘sonia a aga’ 21
wat ate - el, ortega arifre dew G1"
ade - Seal an atten wen ‘wae sferrrnarct’ (Enlightened Tyranny) €1
ade - Sa ar ae aaa: I Wel &, ae Ha APE A orh-ar aod dH dita
we ant wan aa 1 a ota arp we 1"
wet -‘ag men aan @ fr ftufers rect &, aeet uw TRE, w& Bi
3a wa & wh gia cH wee fee vem, TTA sera F fates A Gm B.....we
Fe wend uff a omenfer € 1"
© aiaia — aa an are wa wee wT 8 aa cafe a chads ete afew GET
hit & onqafirs orf an gettrda € sh fagaena sera 8 Alera cit vfs sera
Wee weg"
© aaet ufar — “cad fartenfirare af saree seat gare € sas em fata & sre
WR: aa aaa EI"
. wage be - aopl aita erie cea sik ge Te aa sik orcad FI Tas & Fe
ae at”
‘First Utopian’ (vam
aeWrata’ (Hlenchos -eareTs Tafa Y weit a mem a aaeronat ar sh erecta
far sa %, 38 ‘Warata’ (Elenchos) Fe wren @!
fearatert (Dikaiosyne) cara ar ite vata ota arr Taw Fee war -Fesritsrt
(Dikaiosyne) @1
‘Srfatfera' (Kallipolis) -Republic 4 afta srezi-wa (Ideal State) #1 7TH - ‘ahaiter’
(Kallipolis) & 1 fear aera € - Beautiful City (et AR) a safrawTA Ge AAG AISA
"Magnesia’ (Afiften) ~The Laws # aftia aa farm ‘Rule of Laws! em #8 “ArT
a mea’ ard svexf-aea FY el - 'Magnesia’ (Afuferen) Heat Z1 'Megnesia’ -
Frere vftve (Noctumal Council) grI ware Te Aaa a aE S Santer eT
‘Nocturnal Council’ ( Prerat wha) -Republic 4 wei art a Frater ‘aretPrr
vwraa’ agi The Laws ¥ arp a Frnir "Nocturnal Council’ #ait €1
Seer ate unt - (aeaafaan ar facia)
wnt ate dt ys /ent ate at ates (ae a fran) eal ara at wats Ta ha TET
& er 4 wnt ate o year ate dt after sea ZI
Noetic Men (Atifes #5) fader aafe- wel faceasicvaisarn cafe & faa ae
weet wae FUT TI
Appetitive Man (Giarfea 44)/ faerafia oafe |
anpfeaer agaist Re (Afra gfe 8 ape wa)- IA areal Tes & fre ae weet
wan sen F1
pee es pk Form of Triangles )- Wt 4 art TAA Timaeus
et (ME ee ee a eee
al Form of Good #1 Zarit em amity wed al