INTRODUCTION OF ancient HISTORY
Indus Valley Civilization
The Aryans and The Vedic Age
Pre Mauryan Age
Magadh Empire
Foreign Invasions
Jainism
Buddhism
The Mauryan Empire
Post Mauryan Period
The age of Gupta
Harsha & His times
Sangam Age
The Early Man
1. The Palaeolithic Age (500000 BC – 9000BC)
OLD STONE AGE
2. The Mesolithic Age (9000 BC – 4000 BC)
MIDDLE STONE AGE
3. The Neolithic Age (4000 BC – 1000 BC)
NEW STONE AGE
4. The Chalcolithic Age
COPPER STONE AGE
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (2500 BC – 1750 BC)
Indus Valley Civilization is one of the four earliest civilization of the world along
with the civilizations of Mesopotamia (Tigris & Euphrates rivers), Egypt (Nile
river), China (Hwang He river).
Indus Valley Civilization is belonging to Bronze Age.
Indus Valley Civilization as it flourished along the Indus River.
HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION named by John Marshall after the first discovered
site, HARAPPA.
SARASWATI – SINDHU CIVILIZATION as most of the sites have been found
at the Hakra – Ghaggar River.
Harappa was the first site to be discovered by Dayaram Sahani in 1921.
R.D Banerjee discovered Mohenjodaro or Mound of Dead in 1922.
Dholavira on the bank of river Luni in Gujrat excavated by R.S Bist and JP Joshi
is the latest excavated site in India.
The most important feature of IIVC was “Town Planning”.
Some other features of IVC was – Drainage system, Bricks etc.
LIST OF MAJOR IVC SITES
Some important sites during the IVC are given below.
City Province River bank Year Archaeologist
Harappa Pakistani Ravi 1921 Dayaram
Punjab sahani
Mohenjodaro Sind Indus 1922 RD Banerjee
Ropar Indian Punjab Sutlej 1953 YD Sharma
Lothal Gujarat Bhogava 1957 SR Rao
Kalibangan Rajasthan Ghaggar 1959 BB Lal
Chanhudaro Sind Indus 1931 MG Majumdar
Alamgirpur Uttar Pradesh Hindon 1974 YD Sharma
Sutkagendor Baluchistan Dasht 1931 Aurel Stein
Banawali Haryana Ghaggar 1974 RS Bist
Rangpur Gujarat Bhadur 1931 MS Vats
Mohenjodaro
R.D Banerjee in 1922.
Bank of river Indus in Punjab (Pakistan)
Mound of Dead
Great Bath
Granary
Bronze dancing girl
Seal of Pashupati Mahadeva
A piece of woven cotton
TOWN PLANNING
Town planning was not uniform. A common feature was grid system i.e. streets
cutting across one another at right angles, dividing the town into large
rectangular blocks.
The towns were divided into two parts; upper part or citadel and lower part.
The fortified citadel on the western side housed public buildings and members
of ruling class.
Below the citadel on the eastern side lay the lower town inhabited by the
common people.
Underground Drainage System connected all houses to the street drains made
of mortar, lime and gypsum.
The Great Bath (Mohenjodaro) it was used for religious bathing.
The Granaries (Harappa) 6 granaries in a row found in the Citadel at Harappa.
Houses were made up of burnt bricks.
