BOOK OF ROMANS

Introduction:

 Roman’s Paul’s greatest work, is placed first among his thirteen epistles in the New Testament. While the four
Gospels presents the words and works of Jesus Christ, Romans explores the significance of His sacrificial death.
Using the question and answer format, Paul records the most systematic presentation of doctrine in the Bible.
 The book Romans is the most systematic of Paul’s letters. It reads more like an elaborate theological essay than
letter.
 It emphasis on Christian doctrines and deals with theological themes like sin, salvation, grace, faith,
righteousness, justification, sanctification, redemption, death and resurrection.
 We see widespread use of OT quotations.
 This epistle shows deep concern for Israel. Paul writes about Israel personal status, relationship to the Gentiles
and final salvation.

Author:
 The author is this Book is Apostle Paul.
 All the schools of thoughts agreed the Pauline authorship to Romans (1:1)
 Paul’s way of speech, vocabulary, style, logic, and theological development are consistent with Paul’s other
epistles.
 According to 16: 22 Paul dictated this to Tertius while he was writing.

Date:
 When: Paul wrote Romans in A.D. 57, near the end of his third missionary journey (Acts 18:23-21:14; cf. Rom.
15:19). It was evidently written during his three-month stay in Greece, more specifically, in Corinth.
 Place of writing: Paul wrote this epistles to the Romans from Corinth which is evident from the greetings of
Gaius who lived at Corinth (16:3; 1 Cor. 1:14) and of Erastus, who had settled down there (16:23). Also, Phoebe,
who apparently accompanied the apostle (16:1-2), was from the church at Cenchrea, which is near to Corinth.
 Carrier of the epistle: Paul evidently gave this letter to Phoebe from the church at Cenchrea, near Corinth, and
she carried it to Rome (Rom. 16:1, 2).

Keys Word, Verse and Chapter:

 Key Word: the Righteousness of God
 Key Verse: Romans 1:16, 17 and 3:21-25
 Key Chapter: Romans 6-8
Statistics:
 Chapters: 16
 Verses: 433
 Words: 9447
 87 questions
 29 verses of fulfilled and 16 verses of unfulfilled prophesies in this book
Purpose:
1. Paul want to introduce and present himself as a servant of Christ Jesus because Paul has never visited Rome and
has not met the most members of the congregations. For this reason he takes longer than usual in the
introduction to his letter (1:1-7).

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 2. He wrote to prepare the way for his coming visit to Rome and his proposed mission to Spain (1:10-15)
3. Paul wants to preset a comprehensive overview of the Christian gospel.
4. The apostle may have heard of some practical difficulties which the Christians were experiencing, and he intends
to correct in the ethical part of his letter (14).

The Church in Rome:

 Paul did not found the church at Rome and the tradition that Peter was founder is contrary to the evidence.
 There are few view about how the church has began:
o The church might have began when some of the Jews and proselytes to Judaism who became followers
of Christ on the day of Pentecost (cf. Acts 2:10) returned to Rome.
o It is more likely that Christians from churches established by Paul in Asia, Macedonia and Greece settled
in Rome and led others to Christ.
 Gentiles were predominant in the church at Rome (1:13; 11:13, 28-31; 15:15, 16), but there were also Jewish
believers (2:17-3:8; 3:21-4:1; 7:1-14; 14:1-15:12).

The Background of Rome:

 As the capital of the fourth world empire, Rome was the largest and most important city in the world at the
time.
 The city was located on swampy ground beside the Tiber, a river in Italy that flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
The city itself was about fifteen miles from the sea.
 By New Testament times the city had grown to a population well over a million (some have placed it as high as
four million), the majority of which were slaves.
 As the center of the Roman Empire, it attracted all kinds of people and religions. There were an estimated 420
temples there, dedicated not only to the gods of the Romans but also to the gods of the people that the Romans
had conquered.
 The wealth of the city could also be seen in the magnificent buildings constructed throughout its borders. It is
also an important city for trade.
 All roads ran to and from Rome. The influence of Rome was upon all men. And certainly the apostle Paul was
not unaware of the strategic importance of the city in his vision of world evangelization. The latter part of Acts
definitely reveals the influence of Rome on the thinking and planning of the Apostle.
 When the Epistle to the Romans was addressed to the saints resident in the world capital, Rome was
experiencing the better days of the earlier years of Nero's reign (AD 54-68).
Christ in the Book of Romans:

 Paul present Jesus Christ as the second Adam whose righteousness and substitutionary death have provided
justification.
 He offer His righteousness sinful man by taking God’s condemnation and wrath for their sinfulness upon Him.
 His death and resurrection are the basis for the believers redemption, justification, reconciliation, salvation and
glorification.

Summary of the Book of Romans:

1. The revelation of the righteousness of God (1-8)

 The introduction (1:1-17) consists of a salutation (1:1-7), a statement of Paul’s desire to minister in Rome (1:8-
15), and the theme of the book (1:16, 17). This two-verse theme is the basic text of Romans because it combines
the three crucial of salvation righteousness and faith.
 In 1:18-3:3:20, Paul builds a solid case for the condemnation of all people under the holy God.

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 o The Gentiles are without excuse because they have suppressed the knowledge of God they have
received from nature and their conscience (1:18-32); their seven-step regression is traced in (1:21-31).
o Paul also says that Jews are also under condemnation and gives his reason for that (2:1-3:8).
 He says that God judges according to truth (2:2-5), works (2:6-10) and impartiality (2:11-16), and both the moral
and religious Jews fail to meet His standard. Paul concludes his discussion of the reasons for the guilt of the Jews
by reminding them they do not obey the Law (2:17-29) nor believe the oracles of God (3:1-8). The divine verdict
(3:9-20) is universal: “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (3:23).
 The section of justification (3:21-5:21) centers on and develops the theme of God’s provision for man’s need.
The first eleven verse are the core of the book (3:21-31), revealing that in Christ, God is both Judge and savior.
Justification is by grace , by blood and faith (3:21-31).
 Chapter 4 illustrates the principle of justification by faith apart from works in the life of Abraham.
 Justification issues in reconciliation between God and man (5:1-11). In 5:12-21 Paul consists two Adams an the
opposite results of their two acts.
 Chapter 6 describes the believer’s relationship to sin: in his position he is dead to the principle of the sin (6:1-14)
and the practice of the sin (6:15-23).
 After addressing the Christian’s emancipation from the Law in chapter 7, Paul looks at the work of the Holy Spirit
who indwells and empowers every believer (8:1-17). The next major topic after condemnation, justification and
sanctification is glorification (8:18-39).

2. The vindication of the righteousness of God (9-10)

It appears that God has rejected His people, Israel, but it is really Israel who has rejected her Messiah. God’s rejection of
Israel is only partial (there is a spiritual remnant that has trusted in Christ) and temporary (they will be grafted back;
11:23-27). Paul appropriately quotes frequently from the Old testament in this section, and he emphasizes that God will
be faithful to His covenant promises and restore Israel.

3. The Application of the Righteousness of God (12-16)

 The salvation described in the first eleven chapter should transform a Christian’s life in relation to God (12:1, 2),
SOCIETY (12:3-21), higher power (13:1-7) and one’s neighbors (13:8-14).
 In chapters 14 and 15 the apostle discusses the whole concept of Christian liberty, nothing its principles (14) and
its practices (15:1-13))
 The epistle closes with Paul’s statement of his plans (15:14-33), a long series of personal greetings (16:1-16) and
an admonition followed by a doxology (16:17-27).

Outline of the book :

 Introduction
 Condemnation (1:18-3:20)
 Justification (3:21- 5:21)
 Sanctification (6:1-8:39)
 Israel’s election (9:30:10:21)
 Israel’s restoration (11:1-36)
 Christian duties (12:1-13:14)
 Christian liberties (14:1-15:13)
 Conclusion (15:14-16:27)

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Dualisms in Romans
1. The righteousness of God (1L17) and of the wrath of God (1:18)
2. Jews (1:16, 2:1-3:8) and Gentiles (1:18-32; 3:9ff)
3. Grace (3:24) and Law (3:19, 20)
4. Work and faith (3:27)
5. Grace and sin (5:20, 21)
6. Justification and condemnation
7. First Adam and last Adam (5:12-21)
8. Disobedience and obedience (5:12-21)
9. Death and life (5:21)
10. Flesh and spirit (8:4-9)
11. Died to God and died to sin/word (6:2, 10, 11)
12. Wages and free gift (6:23)

Teachings & Theology in the Book of Romans

I. THEOLOGY OF CONDEMNATION OF GOD (1:18-3:20):

God’s condemnation came on both gentiles and the Jews because of their life style and the rejection of the revelation
God. The following passages explained its reasons and results.

A. Condemnation on Gentiles
1. The argument of the Gentiles: “Heathens claims that they are ignorant of the Law that is why they have to
be exempted from the condemnation”. But it not acceptable because revelation of God imparted to every
human being irrespective of Jews and gentiles.
2. Reasons for gentile’s guilt:
a. They rejected the truth of righteousness which God revealed to them (Rom. 1:18)
b. They rejected the manifestation of God which revealed through the creation as well as through the
attributes of God (1:20)
c. They did not even glorify God even after they knew Him (1:21)
d. They made images and slipped into the idol worship
3. Result of gentile’s guilt:
1. God rejected them (1:24)
2. Because of the rejection of God they became unclean and immoral and unethical in their personal as
well as social life (1:24)
3. People became homosexual and lesbians (1:26, 27)
4. They became the possessor of all ungodly and immoral behaviors (1:29-32)

B. Condemnation on Jews:
1. The argument of the Jew: “They claim that they know the law of God and practice it”. But God doesn’t
accept their claim because they were not inwardly spiritual or morally righteous rather they were hypocrites
and religious practitioners.
2. Reasons for Jew’s guilt :
1. Unbiblical character and works which they practiced in their religious lives (2:1-5)
2. They followed evil and immoral life style (2:6-10)
3. They boosted in the law (2:12-24)

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 4. They did not obey the law (2:17-29)
5. They did not believe the oracles (Rhema) (3:1-8)
3. Result of Jew’s guilt:
1. God rejected Israel
2. Salvation extend among the gentiles
C. How can God send someone to Hell for not believing in Jesus, when that person has never heard of Him?
Romans 1:18-20 tells us how God views the people of the world—including those who never hear the gospel.
1. The Wrath of God on Sin (18a)
 Their judgment is not based on whether they heard the gospel or not but the judgment is based on their sin.
God will not overlook sin. He won’t wink at it, laugh at it, or pretend it never happened.
2. The Rejection of Truth by Man (18b)
 God’s wrath is revealed in response to man’s rejection of the truth. The problem doesn’t start with God; it starts
with man. Man rejects and God responds.
 Wrath is revealed from heaven against all those who ‘suppress’ the truth in unrighteousness and wickedness.
The key word is “suppress.” It’s a word that means to deliberately reject the truth in the face of overwhelming
evidence to the contrary. Paul here charges the entire human race with deliberately, willfully and knowingly
turning away from God.
 What is the “truth about God” that all men suppress? What truth is so universally obvious that everyone knows
it? Paul answers that question in verses 19-20. That is by Conscience and nature.

3. The Revelation of God in Nature (19-20)

A. This Revelation is Clearly Seen (19-20)
 There is something about God—a deposit of truth, if you will—which God has made so plain that no one can
miss it.
 When Paul twice says that it is “plain to them,” he is referring to the impact on the human conscience. Not only
is the revelation clearly seen, but that revelation of God in nature impacts the human conscience. Men know
there is a God because their conscience tells them so.
B. This Revelation is Always Available (20a)
 The revelation of God in nature has been avail-able “since the creation of the world.” Every other person who
has ever lived since the beginning of time saw it. So everyone knows something about God!
C. This Revelation is both KNOWN and UNDERSTOOD. (20b)
 Those two verbs are exceedingly important. “Clearly seen” means that everyone has seen something of God’s
handiwork in the world. “Understood” is even stronger. It means that the revelation of God in nature strikes the
heart of every man.
D. This Revelation Consists of Two Facts About God Every Person Knows. 20b
 Paul says that there are two facts about God that every person knows.
1. There is an All-Powerful God Who Created the World.
2. That All-Powerful God is the Supreme Being of the Universe.
E. This Universal Revelation of God in Nature Leaves Everyone Without Excuse. 20d
 Paul’s conclusion is simple indeed: The whole world is “without excuse.” It is impossible to imagine a more
complete condemnation of the human race.
So, the most fundamental principle of judgment is that God judges according to the light men receive (i.e.,
revelation by nature and conscience).

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 Whenever a person responds to the light he receives, God responds by sending him more light. Light received means
more light. Light rejected brings only darkness.
In the Bible whenever a person responded to the light given him, God always responded by sending a preacher of
the gospel. Acts 8 (Stephen and the Ethiopian eunuch) and Acts 10 (Peter and Cornelius) offer two clear examples.

II. THREE ASPECTS OF SALVATION

1. Justification:

God makes a legal declaration that the believer is not guilty of their sins and counted righteous based on the
righteousness of Jesus Christ. On the basis of the doctrine of justification, and the believers’ sins are forgiven (Rom. 3:20,
24, 28; 5:1).

Justification takes place at the time of born again experience

2. Sanctification:

Ongoing growth in our relationship with God where believers are transformed more in the likeness of Christ (Phil. 2:12-
13).

Sanctification takes place after the born again experience till the death of a person or till the second coming of Christ.

3. Glorification:

Work of God in the life of a believer when Christ returns for the church where they will be perfect in glorified bodies (1
John 3:2, 1 Peter 1:5; John 17:24).

Glorification takes place along with the second of Christ.

Justification Sanctification Glorification

Past Preset Future
We have Christ’s righteousness We have Christ’s rightness We have Christ’s rightness
imparted to us developed in us completed in us

JUSTIFICATION (3:21- 5:21)

A. The meaning of Justification:
 Justification is a legal tern used in a court of law. Paul uses it to explain how God makes sinful people acceptable
to Him.
 The word justify means “to pronounce, accept and treat as just, i.e., as on the one hand, not penally liable and
on the other, entitles to all the privileges due to those who have kept the law.
B. Obstacles of justification:
1. The mosaic law (Rom. 3:20, 28)
2. Man’s righteousness (Rom. 10:1-5)
3. Humans works (Rom. 4:1-5)
4. Faith mixed with works (Acts 15:1-29; Gal. 2:16)
5. A dead faith (James 2:14-26)
C. How to achieve a justification
1. Through faith (Rom. 3:26, 27)

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 2. Through grace (Rom. 5:17-21)
3. Through the blood of Christ (Rom. 5:9)
4. Through the resurrection of Christ (Rom. 4:25)
5. Through righteousness of Christ (Rom. 10:4)
D. Result of justification
1. Forgiveness of sin (Acts 13:38, 39)
2. Peace with God (Rom. 5:1)
3. Holiness (Rom. 6:22)
4. Imputed Righteousness (2 Cor. 5:21)
5. Eternal life (Titus 3:7)
E. Example for the justification:
a. Abraham:
i. He was justified by faith, not works (Romans 4:1-8). There was a comment on the life of
Abraham by God in Genesis 26:4-5 which came long after God had credited him as righteous.
ii. He was justified before he was circumcised (Romans 4:9-12). So circumcision does not relate to
justification.
iii. God fulfilled His promise to Abraham through faith, not the law (Romans 4:13-25).

SANCTIFICATION (6:1-8:39)
A. Difference between Justification and sanctification:
o Justification is a complete work of God but the sanctification is both the work of God and the believers
o Justification is an act, while sanctification (which simply means “to set apart”) is a work.
o Justification is the means, while sanctification is the end
o The fist removes the guilt and penalty of sin, while the second removes the growth and power of sin.
o The former works for us, while the latter works in us.
o The one declare us righteous, while the other makes us righteous.
o Justification furnishes the track which leads to heave, while sanctification furnishes the train.
B. Why sanctification?
o In 5:20 it was stated that “where sin increased, grace increased all the more”. So let us sin more so that
grace will increase more.” This means we are free to live as we please. So is it what Paul taught? He
emphatically rejects this idea as a perversion of grace. Grace produces righteousness, not sin.
o What Paul is saying is that God’s abundant grace exceeds our greatest sin. He not only saves us from
past guilt and future judgment but He also delivers us from the sin’s control now, in the present. In
order to be delivered from the present sins we need to be sanctified.
C. How to achieve sanctification (how to grow in holiness)
1. Through the power of God (1 Thess. 5:23)
2. Through Christ (Heb.2:11)
3. Through Holy Spirit (1 Pet. 1:2)
4. Through truth (John 17:17 19)
5. Through Christ’s blood (Heb. 9:14)
6. Through prayer (I Tim. 4:4, 5)
7. Through word of God

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 D. Goal of sanctification
1. Being conformed to the image of Jesus Christ (Rom. 8:29; I Thess. 4:3)

GLORIFICATION
 The final stage of process of glorification is termed glorification.
 It involves the perfecting of the spiritual nature of the individual believer which takes place at death or at the
second coming of Christ.
 It also involves perfecting of the bodies of all believers (died and live) which will occur at the timing of second
coming of Christ which will lead into the transformation of the body.
 At the last trumpet, when Jesus comes, the saints will undergo a fundamental, instant transformation (“we shall
all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye” –1 Corinthians 15:51); then our perishable bodies will
put on imperishable immortality (1 Corinthians 15:53). Yet 2 Corinthians 3:18clearly indicates that, in a
mysterious sense, “we all,” in the present, “with unveiled face” are “beholding the glory of the Lord” and are
being transformed into His image “from one degree of glory to another” (2 Corinthians 3:18).

III. FIRST ADAM AND LAST ADAM

What is the difference between Adam and Christ? How Adams death affects everyone and how does Christ’s death
affects everyone?

There are two main passages where Paul introduces an Adam theme: Romans 5: 12ff and 1Chrintians 15. In both
passages Adam and Christ are viewed as agents through which others receive the consequence of their actions.

1. Adam was made in the image of God, Christ is ‘the image of the invisible God’ (Colossians 1:15).
2. Adam was the head of the human race. Jesus Christ is the head of redeemed humanity
3. The first Adam gave life to all his descendants. The last Adam, Jesus Christ, communicates ‘life’ and ‘light’ to all
men, and gives eternal life to those who receive Him and believe on His name, giving them ‘power to become
the sons of God’ (John 1:1–14).
4. The first Adam was lord over a limited domain, the last Adam is Lord of all (Acts 10:36).
5. The first Adam failed the test, and in doing so involved all humanity in his defeat, dragging the human race down
with him. As a result, in Adam we all stand condemned, spiritually bankrupt, enslaved to sin, and expelled from
Paradise (Romans 5:12 ff.). The last Adam, Jesus, was victorious over sin, the flesh, and the devil. As a result, in
Christ, believers stand justified and redeemed, spiritually wealthy, liberated from sin, and included in the
Paradise of God (Romans 5:18 ff.; 1 Corinthians 15:21 ff.; Revelation 2:7).
6. The first Adam disobeyed God. The last Adam was ‘obedient unto death, even the death of the cross’
7. The first Adam experienced the judgment of God—he ultimately died and his body turned to dust. Because of
his sin, death came upon all men, ‘For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God’ (Romans 3:23). The
last Adam, Jesus Christ, also died—on the cross—to atone for sin (Isaiah 53:5; 1 Peter 3:18;Hebrews 2:9). But He
did not stay dead, nor did His body ‘see corruption’ (Acts 2:27; 13:35–37). On the third day He rose again,
thereby overcoming the devil and the power of death for all those who believe in Him (Hebrews 2:14), and
bringing resurrection from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:22–23).

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 8. The actions of the first Adam brought a reign of death and bloodshed upon a once-perfect world, which ever
since has been groaning in pain (Romans 8:22). Precisely because of the bloodshed in death by the last Adam,
this curse of death and bloodshed will be removed, and creation restored to a sinless, deathless state
(Revelation 21:1; 21:4; 22:3).

IV. THREE MANS IN BOOK OF ROMANS

SPIRITUAL, NATURAL AND CARNAL MAN

a. Spiritual man and the law (7:1-6)

i. A man was bound by the law as a wife was bound by her husband.
ii. Only death could set the unhappy and law-bound man free, in this case his own death (7:4, 6):
“we are delivered from the law… being dead.”
The Greek speaks of a violent death here, that of Calvary. In a sense it may be said it was
necessary for both Christ and the believer to die in order to get together. Ponder the following:
1. In the Old Testament, Christ was married to unfaithful Israel (see the book of Hosea).
2. In the New Testament, sinners are bound by the power of sin and the chains of law.
3. Then, Christ died, freeing him of his Old Testament relationship of sinful Israel (during
this dispensation of the church). At the same time the believer died, freeing him from
the law and sin.
4. This blessed relationship will be fully consummated at the marriage of the lamb.
iii. The purpose of all this is “that we should bring forth up to God” (7:4). The spiritual man is
therefore delivered from the law.
b. Natural man and the law (7:7-13)
i. The law was used by sin to work in him “all manner of concupiscence”. In other words, the law
both revealed and, as used by sin, revived Paul’s sin nature. Sin thus used the law as its basis of
operation in its war against Paul.
ii. The law in itself is not evil, but rather is “holy, and just, and good” (7:12).
1. It is holy because it came from God (7:14).
2. It is just because it rightfully condemns sinner.
3. It is good because it prepared the sinner for Christ (Gal. 3:24).
iii. The law was ineffective only because of the weakness of the flesh (7:18).
c. Carnal man and the law (7:14-25)
i. Paul desired to do good and avoid the bad: “for I delight in the law of God after the inward man”
(7:22).
ii. He discovered, however, he was doing the bad and avoiding the good. Paul was long on desire
but short on determination. The will was there, but not the way. He found “a law, that when I
would do good, evil is present with me” (7:21). This is the third of the five biblical “laws”
referred to here in Romans:
1. The law of Moses (3:19)
2. The law of faith (3:2)
3. The law of sin (7:21, 23, 25)
4. The law of the mind (7:16)

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 5. The law of the spirit (8:2, 4)
iii. Paul thus realizes that the believer cannot control, change, cleanse, conquer, command, correct,
or crucify the flesh.
iv. Paul ends chapter 7 by concluding that the victorious life can come only through Jesus Christ
(7:25).

V. SEVEN CERTAINTIES OF A BELIEVER

i. The believer has a new position (8:1-4)- believer is in Chrsit
ii. The believer has a new guest (8:5-13)- Holy Spirit
iii. The believer has a new adoption (8:14-17)- adopted into the family of God
iv. The believer has a new expectation (8:18-25)- Future glory
v. The believer has a new prayer helper (8:26, 27)- Holy Spirit
vi. The believer has a new knowledge (8:28)- all things work for good to those who Love God
vii. The believer has a new goal (8:29-39)

VI. THE ELECTION AND REJECTION OF ISRAEL (Rom. 9-11)

A. The nine fold advantage of Israel (9:4, 5)
1. They were Israelites. They were a special nation (Deut. 7:6), one having power with God (Gen. 32:38).
2. They enjoyed the adoption) Ex. 4:22; Jer. 31:9).
3. They had the glory. A reference to the Shekniah cloud, that visible, luminous appearance of God’s
presence.
4. They had the covenants
a. The Abrahamic Covenant- promising a mighty nation (Gen 12:2, 3, 7; 13:14-17).
b. The Palestinian Covenant- Promising a land (Deut. 30:3).
c. The Davidic Covenant- promising an eternal kingdom (2 Sam. 7:12-16; 23:5)
d. The new covenant- promising new hearts (Jer. 31:31-34).
5. They had the law (Ex. 20; Deut. 5).
6. They had the services of God. It was Israel which ministered in both the tabernacles and the temple.
7. They had the promises.
8. They had the fathers. Israel enjoyed a regenerate ancestry, which included such giants as Abraham,
Moses, David, etc.
9. They produced that line which led to the humanity of Christ (Mt. 1:1-16; Lk. 3:23-38).
B. Rejection of Israel by God
1. The election of Israel started with Abraham and it is permanent.
2. The Israel rejected Christ and the salvation through Christ which made them to be rejected by God.
3. This rejection of Israel led for the election of gentiles or opened the door for the gentile’s salvation.
4. Rejection of Israel is not permanent but it will be restored at the time of second coming of Christ.

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 VII. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE BELIEVERS TOWARDS OTHERS
A. Believers responsibilities towards society (Romans 12:3-21):
v. Gifts of a believer towards the co brethren:
The Holy Spirit has provided the believer with various supernatural gifts with which he is to
serve the community of Christ.
Seven of these tools of service are mentioned here:
1. Prophesying
2. Ministering
3. Teaching
4. Counseling (Exhortation)
5. Generosity { Giving}
6. Governing{ leadership}
7. Charity {Showing mercy}
vi. The techniques of service (Romans 12:9-21)
1. Avoid the hypocritical love make it as genuine (Rom. 12:9, 10)
2. Hate what is evil (Rom. 12:9)
3. Stand on the side of good (Rom. 12:9)
4. Develop praise, patience and prayer (Rom. 12:12)
5. Never be lazy in your work but serve the Lord enthusiastically (Rom. 12:11)
6. Help the saints (Rom. 12:13)
7. Forgive those mistreat you (Rom. 12:14)
8. Be happy with those who are happy and share the sorrow of others (Rom. 12:15)
9. Don’t try to act big but enjoy the company of ordinary people (Rom. 12:16)
10. Treat your enemies well (Rom. 12:18-21)
a. Leave the vengeance to God (Rom. 12:19)
b. If enemy hungers, feed them; if he thirst, give him a drink (Rom. 12:20)
c. Overcome evil with good (Rom. 12:21)

B. Believer attitude towards political powers (Romans 13:1-14)

1. His duties toward the rulers of the state (Rom. 13:1-7)
i. Submissive and obedience to the higher authorities ,
{“the powers that be are ordained of God” (Rom. 13:1). Be subject to rulers and authorities
(Titus 3:1).}
ii. Never rebel with the appointed political authority.
{Know that “whosoever resist the power, resist the ordinance of God” (Rom. 13:2)}.
iii. Pay taxes which are legible and legal
{Render tribute, and custom (sales taxes) to the officers of the state and fear and honor to
the keepers of that state}(Rom. 13:7)
iv. Pray for the authorities (I Tim. 2:1, 2).
v. Obey and follow every ordinance and law of the authority for the Lord’s sake (I Peter 2:13)

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 C. Believer attitude towards neighbors (Rom. 13:8-10)
 Love the neighbors because all the laws are summed up in the saying “love you neighbors as yourself.

D. Believer’s family life

a. Wives towards their husbands (Eph. 5:22-33)
 Wives are to submit to their husbands. As to the Lord does not mean that a wife is to submit to her husband in
the same way she submits to the Lord, but rather that her submission to her husband is her service rendered "to
the Lord" (cf. Col 3:18). The reason for this submission is that the husband is the head of the wife (cf. 1 Cor 11:3),
and this is compared to Christ's headship over the church.
 According to I Peter 3:1-6:
o Submission is an obligation (1a)
o Submission is an opportunity (1-2): with submission to the husbands we can win them.
o Submission is an ornament (3-6): Peter exhorts women not to adorn themselves outwardly but inwardly
by the submission to the husbands. Sarah is an example for this.

b. Husbands towards their wives (Eph. 5:25-32)

 Husbands are to love their wives:
o As Christ loved the church: Christ loved the church in a way he gave himself for it.
o As their own bodies: No one hates his own flesh, but they nourishes and cherishes it.
 According in I Peter 3:7:
o Physical- Dwell with them
o Intellectual- Live with understanding
o Emotional- Give horror to women.
o Spiritual- your prayers may not hinder

c. Children and parents

 Children should obey their parents because
1. It is right (Eph. 6:1)
2. It is a commandment (Eph. 6:2)
3. It is a blessing (Eph. 6:3)
 Parents should not provoke them to wrath (Eph. 6:4)
 Parents should bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord (Eph. 6:4)

E. Servants and masters

 Servants should be obedient to the masters with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ (Eph.
6:5-8, I Peter 2:18).
 They were to regard their master as worthy of all honors (1 Timothy 6:1). This was to be done whether the
master was lost (1 Timothy 6:1) or saved (6:2)
 Masters should not threatening with the knowledge that he has a master in heaven (Eph. 6:9)

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