II.
Short answer questions:
its importance in today's d1gital age.
L. EXpiain the concept of data literacy and
today's
to the ability to find, understand, and use data effectively. In
Data literacy refers decisions,
where data is abundant, data literacy is crucial for making informed
aigital age, helps individuals and organizations
and solving complex problems. It
UNderstanding trends,
growth.
extract valuable insights fromdata io drive innovation and
2. What is data preprocessing? raw data before it is used for
Data preprocessing is the process of cieaning and preparing ensure the data is
or modelling. It involves handling nissing data and outliers to
analysiS
accurate and reliable.
3.What isdata visuaization and why is it important?
visualization is the graphical representation of data to help people understand the
Data
significance of data by sunmmarizing and presenting it in
a visual form such as charts, graphs,
or maps.
for the exploration and understanding of
Data visualization is important because it allows
apparent in raw data. It helps in making
data patterns, trends, and outliers that may not be
data-driven decisions and communicating inforriation clearly
and eficientiy.
4. How does a line graph differ from a bar graph?
with continuoUs data, while abar graph is used
A line graph is used toshcw trencds over time
withdiscrete values.
to compare different categories of data
5. When would you use a scatter plot?
beiween two variables in a set oi paired data,
A scatter plot is used to show the relationsiip
helping to identify correlations or trends between
the variables.
6. What is iata?
instructions abcut some entity (stucdents,
Data can bedefined as a representationof facts or
processed or comunicatec by human
school, sports, business, animals etc.) that can be
or machines.
7. What do youmean by web scraping?
content and data from a website. Web
Web scraping is the process of using bots to extract
stored in a database. The scraper
Scraping extracts underlying HTML code aind, with it, data
elsewhere.
can thenreplicate entire website content
it can have?
8. If a matrix has 6 elements, what are the possible orders
Answer: 4 orders - (1x6), (6x1), (2x3) and (3x2)
given by aj; =i* )
9.Construct a 3x2 matrix where each element is
elements
Answer: 3x2 matrix means 6
a11 = lx1 a12 =1x2
a21=2x1 a22=2x2
a32=3x2
a31=3x1
Putting all elenments in matrix form we
get:
-1
w
9. Find the transpose of the matrix B = 3
21
Answer: B = 1 3
4 6
III. Long answer questions:
visualization. Provide
Discuss the advantages and limitations of usinga pie chart in data
1.
examples to illustrate your points.
can effectively show the proportion of each
One advantage of using a pie chart is that it
category in adataset. For example, a pie chart
can be used to visualize the market share of
However, pie charts have limitations, such as
ditferent companies in a specific industry.
trends over time. For example, a pie
difficulty in comparing multiple datasets or showing
over the course of a year, as it
chart would not be suitable for visualizing changes in sales
cannot effectively convey this type of information.
2. Explain the terms mean, median and mode.
Median Mode
Mean
The inean is a good The median is a good Mode is used when you
Imeasureof the neasure of the needto find the distribution
ceniraltendency central vaiue when Deak and peak may be
ehen a cdataset ihe data include many.
Containsvalues that excectionally high or
For example, it is important
are relatively eventy io valucs. The to prini more of the most
3Drend with no nedian is he nost
easure of
popular books, because
exceptionaliy high or suitable
printing ifferent books in
low values. average íor data
classified on an
(cqual nunbers would cause
o:cinal scaie.
a shoriage of some books
ADd an oversupply of
cihers.
134
3. Explain the four levels of measurement.
Nominal. Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
Tour tevels of measurements are characterize
of measurement is the simplest or lowest of the four ways to
Tne nominal level to a Survey,
means "in name only" Colours of eyes, yes or no responses
data. Nominai measurement.
Smartphone companies, etc all deal with the nominal level of
gender, order. For e.g. if you
up of groups and categories which followa strict
Oralnat data, is made are: unpalatable,
at a restaurant and the options
have been asked to rate a meal and the data is
delicious. The options is Ordinal
Unappetizing, just okay, tasty, and calculations.
ordinal scale data cannot be used in
qualitative,. Like the nominal scale data, because it has
using the interval scale is similar to ordinal level data
Data that is measured value.
in interval scale data does not have a starting point i.e. zero
a definite ordering but
are measured by using the interval
lemperature scales like Celsius (oC) and Fahrenheit (F) can be
scale data is like interval scale data, but it has a 0 point and ratios
Scale. Ratio
add, subtract, divide and multiply the two ratio level variables. Eg: Weight
calculated. We can value.
Hence it can be considered as ratio
Ofa person. It has a real zero point.
A+ Band B A.
4. Given the matrices A and B. Calculate
2 7 [-2 4
A= 4 12 B=|12 6
15 -3 I7
Answer:
0 11] [-4 -31
18 B-A = 8 -6
A+B = !16
-8 3
022 -3
IV. Python Programs
community are: 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45,
50, 55, 60, 65.
group of people in a
1. The ages of a ages.
mean, median, and mode of the
Write a program to calculate the
import statistics
age=(25, 28, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 55, 60, 65]
mean=statistics . mean(age)
median=statistics . median(age)
(age)
mode = statistics .mode
print( "Mean of age', mean)
median)
print ("Median of age",
print ("Mode of age", mode)
Mean of age 43.3
Median of age 42.5
Mode of age 25
