TECHNICAL STANDARDS

ITINTEC 331.018

ORIGIN

National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property
INDECOPI TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS COMMISSION

PERUVIAN TECHNICAL STANDARD

PERU Baked Clay Elements ITINTEC

TECHNICAL STANDARD Clay Bricks used in Masonry 331.018
NATIONAL Requirements October, 1978.

1. RULES TO CONSULT

ITINTEC 331.017 Elements of fired clay. Clay bricks used in masonry. Requirements.
ITINTEC 331.019 Elements of fired clay. Clay bricks used in masonry. Sampling and
reception.
ITINTEC 821.003 International System of Units and recommendations for the use of its multiples and
some other units.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This Standard establishes the testing methods for determining the variation of dimensions,
alabeo, compressive strength, density, modulus of rupture, absorption, maximum absorption, coefficient of
saturation, suction, and efflorescence of clay bricks used in masonry.

3. TESTING METHODS

3.1.1 Apparatus.- A ruler graduated to the millimeter, preferably made of stainless steel, 300 mm long.
or a parallel jaw caliper provided with a graduated scale between 10 mm and 300 mm and with
divisions corresponding to 1 mm.

3.1.2 Sample.- It will consist of whole dry bricks, obtained according to the ITINTEC Standard 331.019.

3.1.3 Procedure.- The length, width, and height are measured in each specimen, with a precision of 1 mm.
the measurement is obtained as the average of the four measurements between the midpoint of the terminal edges of
each face.

3.1.4 Expression of results.- The percentage variation of each remaining dimension of each is calculated.
dimension specified in value obtained from averaging the dimension of all samples, dividing this
value for the specified dimension and multiplying by 100.

V = DE - MP x 10
D
where:
V Variation of dimension, in percentage.
DE Specified dimension, in millimeters.
MP Average measurement in each dimension, in millimeters.

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3.1.5 Report.-It is indicated as the variation in the dimension of the batch of bricks of percentage variation of all
and each of the dimensions without decimals.

3.2 Alabeo

3.2.1 Devices.- Two steel wedges graduated to half a millimeter with the characteristics indicated in Figure 1.

3.2.2 Sample.- It will be made up of whole dry bricks obtained according to Standard ITINTEC 331.019.
The same bricks used in the determination of dimensions can be used.

3.2.3 Procedure.- Depending on the warping, which appears as concavity or convexity, follow the procedure.
that for each case is detailed below on the two larger faces of the brick.

3.2.3.1 Measurement of concavity.- The straight edge of the ruler is placed either longitudinally or over a
diagonal of one of the larger faces of the brick.

The wedge is inserted at the point corresponding to the maximum deflection.

The reading is taken with a precision of 1 mm and the obtained value is recorded (see Figure 2).

3.2.3.2 Measurement of convexity.- One of the following procedures is used alternatively:

a) The straight edge of the ruler is placed either over a diagonal or over two opposite edges of one of
the larger brick faces. A wedge is introduced at each vertex, and the point of support of the ruler is sought.
about the diagonal, for which both wedges obtain the same measure (see Figure 3).

b) The brick is supported on one side to measure on a flat surface, each of the wedges is inserted into
two diagonally opposite vertices or on two edges, looking for the point for which in both wedges it
obtain the same measurement (see Figure 4).

3.2.4 Expression of results. - The average of the values corresponding to concavity and/or
convexity obtained in whole millimeters.

3.3 Compression resistance

3.3.1 Devices.- Any machine used in the laboratory for compression tests, must
to be equipped for the application of the load of a hardened metal roller with a spherical seat and attached
with the upper head of the machine.

The center of the surface of the spherical cap must coincide with the center of the surface of the block that
it comes into contact with the specimen. This block remains stationary in its spherical seat, but it can
freely rotate in any direction. The diameter of the support block surface should be like
minimum of 12.5 cm.

A metal plate with a Rockwell hardness of C 60 is placed under the lower jaw, below the specimen.
(Brinell number 620) whose deviation from a horizontal plane is no greater than 0.03 mm.

If the area of the support block is smaller than the face of the specimen that must be in contact with it, it must
insert a steel plate that meets the same horizontal conditions as described in the
previous paragraph and whose thickness is at least equal to one third of the distance between the point of contact
of the roller and the edge farthest from the specimen.

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 FIGURE 1.- The measures are FIGURE 2
given in millimeters

FIGURE 4

FIGURE 3

3.3.2 Sample.- It will consist of dry bricks, obtained by cutting perpendicular to the length of the
specimen. The cut will be made by any method that does not destroy them and that gives flat and parallel surfaces.

The remaining bricks from the flexural strength test can be used for this test (see 3.5).
The sampling method is specified in the ITINTEC Standard 331.019.

3.3.2.1 Coating of the sample.-If the surfaces of the specimen have irregularities, they are filled with a
Portland cement cover, which will be allowed to set for 24 hours before applying the coating, by means of
one of the two procedures detailed below.

a) Plaster coating.

Both opposite sides of the specimen are covered with a solution of shellac alcohol, letting them dry.
perfectly.

A thin layer of cooked plaster paste is applied, spreading it until a flat surface is obtained.
uniform.

The procedure is repeated on the other side of the specimen.

It is checked that both faces are approximately parallel and it is expected to wait at least 2 hours before
carry out the essay.
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b) Coating with sulfur.

A mixture containing 40% to 60% of powdered sulfur (by weight) is used, completed with clay.
cooked refractory or other appropriate inert material that passes through the ITINTEC No. 100 sieve (149 µm)

A container of approximately the same size as the brick and 1.25 cm deep is used.

The mold is slightly accepted and 0.5 cm of heated and fluid sulfur is poured in.

The surface of the brick to be coated is placed immediately over the liquid, holding it
specimen in such a way that the coating is uniform.

3.3.3 Procedure.- The specimen is placed with one of its larger faces on the machine support.
and the solidarity stem is lowered to the head, gently maneuvering the joint until obtaining a
perfect contact on the upper surface of the specimen, ensuring that its axis coincides with the axis
longitudinal of the specimen.

The load is applied ensuring that the machine's head speed does not exceed 1.27 mm/min.

3.3.4 Expression of results.- The compressive strength is calculated using the following equation:

f'b=P
A
where:
f‘b it is the compressive strength of the brick in daN/cm2.
P it is the breaking load applied indicated by the machine in daN.
A It is the average of the upper and lower gross areas of the specimen in cm2.

NOTE 1.- To determine the area in the case of hollow bricks, it will be necessary to calculate the volume.
of the specimen as is done in the density test (3.4) and apply the following equation:

A=V
h
where:
A it is the area of the brick given in square centimeters.
V it is the volume of the brick in cubic centimeters.
h It is the height of the brick in centimeters.

NOTE 2.- Tubular bricks.- They will be treated as solid bricks for all effects of the test and
classification.

3.3.5 Report.- The compressive strength of the batch of bricks is indicated as the average of the values.
obtained for each sample in daN/cm2 integers.

3.4 Density

3.4.1 Devices

3.4.1.1 Scale with a capacity of no less than 2 kg and that allows weighing with a precision of 0.5 g.

3.4.1.2 Water container that can hold the samples completely submerged.

3.4.1.3 Oven with free air circulation that allows maintaining a temperature between 110°C and
115°C.

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3.4.2 Sample.- It will consist of whole dry bricks, obtained according to ITINTEC Standard 331.019.

3.4.3 Procedure

The specimens are heated in the oven between 110°C and 115°C and weighed after cooling them down.
ambient temperature. The treatment is repeated until there are no variations in weight obtained.
(G 3).

NOTE.- To cool the specimens, it is recommended to place them without stacking in an open space with
free circulation of air, keeping them at room temperature for 4 hours.

3.4.3.2 The specimen is placed in a container filled with boiling distilled water, arranged in such a way that
the liquid can circulate freely along the sides, keeping it boiling for 3 hours.

3.4.3.3 We weigh the specimen submerged (G 2), previously balancing the scale with the device.
suspension and the submerged specimen.

3.4.3.4 The specimen is removed from the container by drying the surface water with a damp cloth and is weighed (G 1).

3.4.4 Expression of results

3.4.4.1 The volume of the specimen will be:

V=G1-G2
where:
V it is the volume in cubic centimeters.
G1 it is the mass of the saturated specimen (3 hours of boiling), in grams.
G2 it is the mass of the submerged saturated specimen, in grams.
G3 it is the mass of the dry specimen, in grams.

3.4.4.2 The density will be:

D = G3
V
where:
D It is the density of the specimen in grams per cubic centimeters.

3.4.5 Report.- It is indicated as density to the batch of bricks the average of the values obtained for each
specimen in g/cm3 with two decimal places.

3.5 Breakage Module

3.5.1 Devices.- Any machine used in the laboratory for flexural testing, but whose
supports should have a length not less than the width of the specimen with which they must have contact
permanent and complete. The supports must be adjusted so that they can rotate freely without exerting
forces in the longitudinal and transverse directions to the sample.

3.5.2 Sample.- Dry whole bricks, obtained in accordance with the ITINTEC 331.019 Standard.

3.5.3 Procedure

The specimen is placed with the largest flat face on the supports ensuring that light enters.
these are 18 cm.

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3.5.3.2 The steel plate is lowered until it makes contact with the other larger face of the
specimen between supports and the load is applied. The speed of the load increase must not be greater
of 10 daN/cm2 (1,000 kg/min) and this condition is considered fulfilled if the speed of the moving head of
the machine is not greater than 1.25 mm/min. the load will be applied at the center of the span, by means of a plate
made of steel approximately 6.5 mm thick, 40 mm wide and no shorter than the width of the
specimen.

3.5.4 Expression of results.-The breaking module is calculated from the following equation:

fr= 3 P1
2 bd2
where:
fr it is the breaking module, in daN/cm2.
P It is the breaking load, in daN.
It is the distance between supports, in centimeters.
b It is the average width of the specimen face to face, in centimeters.
d it is the average thickness of the specimen face to face, in centimeters.

3.5.5 Report.- The breaking module of the batch of bricks is indicated as the average of the values obtained for
each specimen in daN/cm2 with one decimal.

3.6 Absorption

3.6.1 Devices.- Similar to those indicated in 3.4.1.

3.6.2 Sample.- Brick media that comply with what is indicated in 3.3.2.

3.6.3 Procedure

3.6.3.1 The specimens are heated in the oven between 110°C and 115°C and are weighed after cooling them down to
ambient temperature. The treatment is repeated until there are no variations in weight obtained.
G 3.

NOTE.- To cool the specimens, it is recommended to place them without stacking in an open space with
free air circulation while maintaining them at room temperature for 4 hours.

3.6.3.2 Dry specimens are introduced into a container full of distilled water, keeping them
completely submerged for 24 hours, ensuring that the bath temperature is between
15°C and 30°C. After the indicated period, the specimens are removed from the bath, drying the surface water.
with a damp cloth and they are weighed (G 4).

The specimens must be weighed within 5 minutes from the moment they are taken out of the container.

3.6.4 Expression of results.- The amount of water absorbed is calculated using the following equation:

A = G 4 - G 3 x 100
G3
where:
A it is the absorbed water content, in percentage.
G3 it is the mass of the dry specimen, in grams.
G4 It is the mass of the specimen saturated after 24 hours of immersion in cold water, in grams.

3.6.5 Report.- It is indicated as the absorption of the batch of bricks the average of the percentages individually
calculated for each of the specimens, without decimals.

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3.7 Maximum absorption

3.7.1 Devices.- Similar to those indicated in 3.4.1.

3.7.2 Sample. - Brick media that comply with what is indicated in 3.3.2.

3.7.3 Procedure

The specimens are heated in the oven between 110°C and 115°C and weighed after cooling them down.
room temperature. The treatment is repeated until there are no variations in weight obtained.
G 3.

NOTE.- To cool the specimens, it is recommended to place them without stacking in an open space.
for 4 hours.

3.7.3.2 The specimens are submerged in a container filled with distilled water at a temperature
ranging between 15°C and 30°C arranged so that the liquid can flow freely through the
sides.

The water is gradually heated until it reaches the boiling point in 1 hour and is left to boil from that point.
moment for 5 hours.

At the end of the specified period, the container is cooled to a temperature between 15°C and
30°C due to natural loss of heat.

3.7.3.4 The specimen is removed from the container and the surface water is dried with a damp cloth and then weighed.
(G 5).

The specimen must be weighed within 5 minutes from the moment it is taken out of the container.

3.7.4 Expression of results.- The content of absorbed water is calculated using the following equation:

B = G5 - G3 x 100
G3
where:
B it is the absorbed water content, in percentage.
G3 it is the mass of the dry specimen, in grams according to 3.6.3.1.
G5 it is the mass of the saturated specimen after 5 hours of boiling, in grams.

3.7.5 Report.- The maximum absorption of the batch of bricks is indicated as the average of the percentages.
individuals calculated for each of the specimens, without decimals.

3.8 Saturation coefficient

3.8.1 Expression of results.-The saturation coefficient for each specimen is calculated using the equation
next
C = G4 - G3
G5 - G3
where:
C it is the saturation coefficient (unitless).
G3 it is the mass of the dry specimen according to 3.6.3.1.
G4 it is the mass of the saturated specimen after 24 hours of immersion in cold water according to 3.6.4.
G5 it is the mass of the specimen saturated by boiling for 5 hours according to 3.7.4.

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3.8.2 Report.- The saturation coefficient of the batch of bricks is indicated as the average of the coefficients.
acquired for each specimen.

3.9 Suction

3.9.1 Devices

3.9.1.1 Tray or container for water, with an interior depth no greater than 12.5 mm and of a length and
width such that the area is no less than 2,000 cm2.

The base of the tray must be flat and horizontal. A device should be incorporated into the tray that allows for
keep the water level 0.25 mm above the supports.

3.9.1.2 Support for the bricks. - Two identical bars of non-corrosive metal will be used, with a section
rectangular with a height of 5 mm and a width not greater than 10 m.

3.9.1.3 Balance.- Similar to that indicated in 3.4.1.1.

3.9.1.4 Furnace.- Similar to that indicated in 3.4.1.3.

3.9.1.5 Constant temperature room.-Room that maintains a temperature of 24°C ± 2.0°C.

3.9.1.6 Stopwatch.-Calibrated in seconds, indicating a period of 1 minute.

3.9.2 Sample.- Whole bricks or half bricks that comply with the indications in 3.3.2.

3.9.3 Procedure

3.9.3.1 The specimens are dried according to the procedure described in 3.6.3.1.

The length and width of the specimen's surface, which will be measured with an accuracy of 1 mm,
contact with water. The specimen is weighed with an approximation of 0.5 g.

3.9.3.3 The tray is mounted for the test in the Constant Temperature Room. The bottom is leveled.
from the tray using a bubble level. The specimen is placed on the supports counting as
zero time the moment of contact of the brick with the water. During the contact period, 1 min ± 1 s is
maintains the water level in the original by adding water as needed.

At the end of the contact time, the specimen is removed and the surface water is dried with a damp cloth.

3.9.3.4 The specimen is weighed with a precision of 0.5 g. The weighing is performed within a period no greater than 2 min.
after its withdrawal from contact with water.

3.9.4 Expression of results.-The difference in weight in grams between the final and initial weight is the weight of
water absorbed by the brick during one minute of contact with water. If the contact area of the brick does not
differs by ± 2.5% from 200 cm2, the result will be the increase in weight in grams.

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If the area of the specimen differs by more than 2.5% from 200 cm2, the weight will be corrected using the formula
next:

A = 200 W
Lb
where:
W it is the weight gain, in grams.
L It is the average length of the contact surface, in centimeters.
b It is the average width of the contact surface, in centimeters.
A It is the corrected weight gain, in grams.

3.9.5 Report.- It is indicated as suction of the batch of bricks the average weight of water absorbed by the
individually obtained specimens, in grams without decimals.

3.10 Efflorescence

3.10.1 Devices

Metal tray that allows operation with a water depth of at least 25 mm.

3.10.1.2 Humidity chamber, allowing operation with a relative humidity between 30% and 70%,
being free from drafts and maintaining a temperature of 24°C ± 5.5°C.

3.10.1.3 Oven, equipped with free air circulation and that allows for a constant temperature.
ranging from 110°C to 115°C.

3.10.2 Sample.- It will consist of whole bricks, obtained according to the ITINTEC 331.019 Standard.
Elements of baked clay. Clay bricks used in masonry, Sampling and Reception.

3.10.3 Procedure.- The specimens are tested in series of 6 to 10 bricks separated into two groups of
3 bricks or 5 bricks, which will be conditioned and tested as follows:

3.10.3.1 The singing specimens are placed in a tray in groups of bricks spaced between
yes, with intervals no less than 5 cm.

3.10.3.2 The other group of specimens is placed similarly in the tray and water is added.
distilled by the edges of the container, ensuring that the depth of the liquid is approximately 2.5
cm.

3.10.3.3 Both specimen series are placed in their respective trays in the humidity chamber and are...
they maintain for 7 days.

Both containers are removed from the chamber after the indicated period and allowed to drain.
specimens. Both series of specimens are taken to the oven, allowing them to dry between 110°C and 115°C.
for 24 hours.

NOTE.- The containers are emptied and cleaned after each test. With a drying period of 72 hours.
the specimens are prepared for other tests (compression, modulus of rupture or absorption) that can
to be executed later.

It is not recommended to simultaneously test bricks from different sources due to salt contamination.
among them.

3.10.4 Report.- After drying and cooling the specimens to room temperature, they are assembled.

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each original pair and are compared to each other, mainly examining the aspect of the faces and of the
vertices.

If there are no noticeable differences at first glance, each specimen is classified as 'Without inflorescence'.

If there are differences, the specimens are observed from a distance of 3 m with lighting no less than
150 lumens per meter. If under these conditions no differences are appreciated, the specimen is classified as
Slightly flowering and if, on the contrary, there are perceptible differences, they will be classified as flowering.

It is indicated as the flowering of the batch of bricks, the qualifier applied to the specimen.

4. BACKGROUND

4.1Research Project 3120

"Research on clay brick manufactured in Peru for the development of the Technical Standard"
National.
4.2 Draft Technical Standard, result of the research.
4.3 ANSI/ASTM C 67-66 Standard methods of sampling and testing brick (United States).
4.4NF P 13-301-74 Hollow clay bricks (France).
4.5Nch 169.Of.73 Ceramic bricks. Classification and Requirements (Chile).
4.6INEN 292-1977 Ceramic bricks. Sampling.
4.7IRAM 12518/55 Common ceramic bricks (Argentina).
4.8IRAM 12532/60 Hollow ceramic bricks (Argentina).
4.9ABNT 648-75 Unglazed ceramic bricks (Brazil).
4.10 ICONTEC 451 Ceramic bricks (Colombia).
4.11BSI 3921-74 Clay bricks and blocks.
4.12 SABS 589-1971 Hollow clay building blocks.
4.13 SABS 227-1970 Burn clay masonry units.

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