Identification and Planning of Psychopedagogical Strategies.

Psychopedagogy is the discipline that deals with addressing the

behaviors of people and psychic phenomena in the educational framework.
Its mission is to achieve improvements both in teaching methods and in the
pedagogical elements that intervene in the educational process. That is why it is the
Psychopedagogy focuses on the person studying, but also on their environment.
since it is considered fundamental, both in success and in failure of the
process. The primary objective of this specialty is satisfaction.
development of the person in the educational field they attend.
Psychopedagogy develops as a scientific discipline starting from the second
mid-20th century, with an interdisciplinary approach and combining knowledge
of education and mental health. Through its methods, it studies the problem
present glimpsing the cognitive, affective, and social potentialities for
a better performance in the activities carried out by the person.
The work of psychopedagogy is closely linked to others.
specialties of psychology, such as the case of learning psychology and the
evolutionary psychology, among others, and it is also a field that has a
important influence on themes and issues such as: special education, design
curricular, educational policy, educational therapies, among others.
The professional who is dedicated to psychopedagogy is known as a psychopedagogue.
will have in their hands the difficult and complex task of guiding and encouraging the students
in the learning process, but also to identify problems, diagnose them
and devise a plan to overcome them so that the student can fulfill
satisfactorily with the educational objective.
Areas assessed in a psychopedagogical diagnosis:
Emotional-social area: family, school, and personal dimension.
attention/concentration, memory, language, thinking
psychomotricity and perception.
Reading and Writing Area: quality, speed, reading and writing errors,
reading comprehension, among others.
Area Calculation: understanding mathematical language, handling operations (oral and
writing), problem-solving, among others.
The standardized learning process tends to generate some difficulties, already
that there are different styles of learning, in which a sense predominates
specific, which will influence the way each individual learns: visual, auditory,
kinesthetic, among others, which is why not everyone evolves at the same pace nor at the
same way. I find this particularly important for those children who present
some type of difficulty in learning.
One of the tasks of the psychopedagogue is to make a good diagnosis that considers
various areas in order to uncover the causes of the difficulties of
learning of the subjects. This diagnosis is carried out by applying tests to the minor.
which aim to gather information about their strengths, weaknesses or
skills to enhance in different areas.
The more information is obtained during the diagnosis, the more can be prepared.
a more comprehensive report, which is why interviews remain important
different actors involved in children's learning such as
parents and teachers. The psychoeducational diagnosis becomes very important when
be a guide for, based on their results, planning the treatment of the
difficulties, relying on strengths, as psychopedagogy deals with
enhance, stimulate and/or develop the skills involved in the process
learning and that are found to be more diminished in each evaluated person.
Sustained or irregular low performance, difficulties in reading and writing
the incorporation of study habits, are some indicators that can give
it accounts for the existence of a learning difficulty and that it is necessary to carry out a
psychopedagogical assessment, aimed at diagnosing those needs
or difficulties in working later.
What does psychopedagogy focus on as a profession? It is a discipline that
tasked with addressing those learning difficulties shown by individuals
with a deficit alteration in its development, therefore, they can be detected
situations that can be addressed both from school and from home.
What kind of cases does psychopedagogy address?
On one hand, from the school, it is the teachers who can detect some
situation in which they suspect that a certain student may need the
help or support from a professional in psychopedagogy. For example, if a teacher
instruct your students that they should write an essay, in this case it could
detect the difficulties that your students have regarding writing
depending on their age. Once the situation is detected, teachers must
to get in touch with the student's parents in order to explain the situation and,
jointly, find a solution, either by consulting the psychopedagogue of
school or an external professional. It is important to talk to the parents or guardians.
legal since in this case it involves minors and the school
does not have the power to decide about these people.
On the other hand, from home, it is the parents, legal guardians, or family members who
they can detect that the person shows learning difficulties. For example,
a father tells his daughter to read him a story, when he realizes that his daughter
presents certain difficulties in reading. Once the situation is detected, the
parents must decide what to do to find a solution that helps their daughter to
improve.
Functions of psychopedagogy
Psychopedagogy is a branch of psychology, just as psychology could be.
clinic. Psychopedagogy is a discipline that has part of psychology and part
of education, therefore, encompasses functions of both. Until now we have talked
about the role of psychopedagogy in people's learning. For this
reason, it is important to highlight that we do not only learn when we are
children and we are enrolled in an educational center, but we learn
from the moment we are born until the moment we die. Never
we stop learning, and that is why the functions of psychopedagogy
they attend to all stages of development, that is, at all ages. A
Continuing, we present a list of the functions of psychopedagogy, it is
to say, the tasks carried out by these professionals:
Provide attention to students with special educational needs
that prevent them from learning at the same pace as their classmates who do not present.
difficulties. This function is carried out by teaching classes in small groups or
individually, adapting the materials and activities to the ability and pace
of each student maintaining the quantity and the content, but modifying the
quality with which concepts are explained, among others.
Work with those students who need it, on aspects related to the
psychology and pedagogy, as knowledge of the person, interaction and
insertion into the social environment, transition to the labor market, skills development
cognitives, among others.
Another function of psychopedagogy is to coordinate activities of the
educational center that provides specific attention to students with
special educational needs, whether carried out by the same
professional of psychopedagogy or by the teachers.
Coordinate with other media and bodies and work together in the
organization of measures to attend to the diversity of students who require it,
always taking into account everything previously established by the center
educational.
Collaborate, together with the other professionals in the educational center, in the
evaluation and review processes, both of the students' results as well
from state-level curricular projects. Curricular projects make
reference to the curriculum that outlines the objectives of education in a
a certain population (for example, in Catalonia it is the department of
teaching of the Generalitat responsible for shaping the curricular project
from their area).
Provide psychological and educational guidance in the processes of
learning and adapting to the different developmental stages, such as,
for example, career guidance or guidance aimed at what to study,
among others.
Another function of psychopedagogy is to detect characteristics.
individuals (on a personal and social level) that hinder the process of
teaching-learning of the students, with the aim of promoting their
adaptation within the school environment, as much as possible.
Evaluation and assessment of the difficulties and the situation of the students
who presents special educational needs, in order to be able to
draft a technical report on the situation for its resolution
schooling and the power to decide whether it is necessary to make a proposal of
curricular adaptation.
Another function of psychopedagogy is to carry out monitoring
all those students with special educational needs and, thus,
to be able to detect if there are improvements in the difficulties that the student
presented.
Advise the families of students with learning difficulties and
Providing training to parents is another function of psychopedagogy.
Advising educational centers, teaching teams and teams
directives, in relation to the activities and functions related to support that
students with special educational needs must receive.
Finally, another function of psychopedagogy is guidance.
work for adults and vocational guidance.
Psychopedagogical Exponents.
Among its main exponents we find Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and
Jerome Bruner. Let's look at these authors in a brief summary and their contributions to the
psychology and how they have been extremely useful for psychopedagogy.
Jean Piaget: is undoubtedly one of the central figures in psychology. This
Swiss biologist, epistemologist, and psychologist has managed to revolutionize the paradigms of
the psychology of his time with genetic theory.
While the term genetic can generate some confusion, it is essential
to clarify that it does not refer to genetics in biological terms, but rather
in terms of genesis, origin, and evolution. Piaget reached the conclusion that
that the process of knowledge is not linear, but is divided into
different phases that he called 'periods of cognitive development'.
These processes are cumulative and are characterized by assimilation, that is, by the
acquisition of new knowledge, and another process called accommodation,
in which the child adjusts this new information to the cognitive structure.
Piaget's theory was decisive for psychopedagogy, as it focused on its
attention to how children learn, modifying their cognitive structures.
Jerome Bruner insisted on the need for a change in the behavioral approach.
learning that consists of repetition and memorization techniques, since
According to this author, they did not exploit the total capacities of the individual.
In this regard, emphasize the importance of interactive learning, dialogue as
a way to enhance the process, combined with the need to focus on processes and
concepts more than in specific facts and figures. As we see, it not only influenced
in psychopedagogy, but also in the pedagogical field in general.
Lev Vygotsky: he was a Russian psychologist who, in his short life, produced a large body of work that
had a significant influence on social psychology. Among his main ideas we find
the idea of environment, understood as the medium through which the person takes the
tools for growth.
This breaks with some innate ideas, according to which the person already possesses
all the tools to develop oneself. Among the main ones
"tools" that the person finds in their environment are present.
the language.
Profile of the psychopedagogue
The profile of a psychopedagogue must necessarily be investigative, but
at the same time rigorous in its procedure. It must interact in a fluid manner with
who is going to work (which is usually children).
The clinical method is crucial, as it involves interviews, questionnaires and
Notes the psychopedagogue will advance on the particular problem of the child.
The support of the family and regular contact with the is very important.
professional to keep it up to date with the situation. The psychopedagogue needs to use
its theoretical framework to work with something subjective like an individual, therefore
there are no 'fixed rules' or absolute methods, only theories that can
to guide in treatment (whether preventive or to work with a problem)
particular).
PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR THE TEACHER
It is the set of procedures, through the use of methods, techniques,
means and resources that the teacher uses to plan, apply with the
purpose of effectively achieving teaching-learning, for the elaboration and
development, in the competencies that he/she will achieve through the tools of
learning that will be exercised in the labor field.
MENTAL HYGIENE
DEFINITION:
The idea of mental health is often understood as the situation experienced with
what surrounds them, people can participate in social life without difficulties
achieving a common good.
IMPORTANCE OF MENTAL HEALTH
It is related to emotions and everyday life behavior.
Help on how to improve stress, coexist in society, is important in every
stage of life, as well in the family nucleus and at work.
STRATEGIES
Expectations question: It is a comparison that allows us to offer a
better version of ourselves.
Letting go of the impossible:
It is a key to reflect on the goals that are unattainable, to which
to detach ourselves from these metastases, we must direct our attention and seek a
personal development
Take care of your relationships: friendships and affections, for mutual benefit, for the
people who are very important to you.
You think about your basic needs:
The basic needs of mental hygiene is necessary to have guaranteed a
good nutrition, a home, and enough hours of sleep.
These needs will allow us to function well in society.
Set Goals:
Set goals that allow you to develop your objectives that are not limited, and
this will allow us to reach wherever we want.
Practice mindfulness:
Rest is a relaxation method that frees our mind from problems.
let's have at work or of all responsibilities.
General Classification of Teaching Strategies
Strategies are generally divided into three groups, depending on the
moment where they are given:
Pre-instructional strategies: define what the student is going to learn and
the method that will be used. Depending on the duration of the studies, it
They will mark complete objectives from start to finish.
Construction strategies: it is the moment when students
they have sufficient materials and information to complete their task. It is
It is important that you maintain your concentration when studying the subject.
or do work. It is also the time when doubts arise that
must be clarified.
Post-instructional strategies: in this phase, it is possible to carry out
summaries, overview of the subject or concept maps. Finally,
the final doubts are resolved so that progress can be made in the
acquisition of knowledge.
This distribution refers to the same school cycle typical of any plan.
of studies, spread throughout a course. From universities to the
primary and secondary schools, this is the framework that most follow
institutions around the world.
MOST COMMON TEACHING STRATEGIES
Within the overall vision, some teaching strategies are employed.
concrete depending on the subject or field of study. These are some
examples:
Summary preparation: they are very effective for memorization.
knowledge, since they cover the most important aspects of a topic. The
students lean towards this method when they have to remember data
concrete when taking an exam.
Infographics, illustrations, and maps: every visual component facilitates the
the process of retaining information, in addition to being much more enjoyable and
understandable. It is also a creative way to study data.
complexes.
Orientation and guidance: teachers must provide their students with a
summary and distribution of the contents of the subject or course, so that
the organization should be much simpler, and that it can be done
an idea of what they are going to address. On the other hand, the doubts that may arise
the same teacher's helpers are very helpful.
Debate: one of the teaching strategies that allows students
define your personal opinion about certain topics. It is very common to perform
debate sessions after having finished a part of the syllabus
established.
Interspersed questions during sessions: it's a good way to
that the students do not get distracted and maintain their interest in the subject.
Learning Strategies: The case of inverted learning.
As we have mentioned, there are a large number of strategies for
learning, one of which is inverted learning.
What is this type of learning really?
It is about a pedagogical model in which students, from their homes,
They learn the concepts of language through interactive digital resources.
to later put these knowledge into practice in class with the help of the
professor. In English, this method is known as 'Flipped classroom', which
literally means 'flipped classroom'. This semi-presential model presents
various advantages for both the teacher and the student.
The time is used better in class.
Through mobile devices and interactive resources, students learn in
those concepts such as grammar and vocabulary, which allows for
In class, they can dedicate themselves to putting into practice what they have learned with the help of the

professor. Professors, instead of just 'imparting' knowledge, they

they become guides that accompany their students in their process of
learning.
It allows strengthening conversation skills
As students acquire the theoretical notions of language at home, the
teachers can focus on talking with students, instead of stopping
whether correcting exercises or reading aloud, which helps to strengthen skills
of oral communication and stimulate class participation.
This increase in teacher-student interaction also helps to improve the
class climate and the relationship between both parties, which makes learning a
more pleasant and motivating process.
The student works at their own pace and with greater motivation.
By being responsible for their own learning process, the student can
organize your schedules, dedicate more time to what is most difficult for you and less to the
topics he already masters. This saves him the tiresome task of asking for explanations
extra in class or getting distracted by not understanding what is being talked about, as well as
wasting time listening to explanations about a topic that you already understood.
On the other hand, learning with the help of interactive materials and online classes
makes studying more interesting, stimulating, and fun.
Learning strategies: Examples to overcome challenges
As we have discussed, there can be many cases for which a student
difficulties in learning. In response to this, as teachers, we have
to implement any type of strategy that achieves the objective of
communicate better with the students and ensure that they learn the syllabus.
To achieve this, take note of these examples of learning strategies.
Start from the end
For some children, it can be complicated to visualize the final product of certain
tasks. When assigning them a specific project, teach them, if possible,
an example made by students from previous years.
2. Form pairs
Grouping students in pairs to carry out work or projects can be very
useful for both parties, as together they can help each other to copy the
tasks, taking notes or reading the material aloud to better understand it
proposal. In addition to stimulating learning, you will be helping to promote the
personal relationships among students.
3. Encourages oral expression
If providing written responses is a great difficulty for some
students, you may consider allowing them to express themselves orally for certain
tasks or tests. In some cases, you could also provide the possibility of
record the answers to homework assignments.
4. Plan the tests in the morning
If the exams or tests are at the last minute, this is likely to reduce the
students' concentration capacity. Try to plan these instances
for evaluation in the early hours of the day.
5. Sing
Expressing information in a melodic way can help students to
remember her. If you can't find a song on the Internet that refers to what you want
teach them, invent it!
6. Employs marketing resources
Rhymes, word associations with images and other tricks - like the one of
put the numbers in order and backwards to learn the nine table - they are
fun and effective resources to teach your students and help them
remember.
7. Highlight the important
Highlight, whether with a fluorescent color, in italics, or in bold, the most important information.
important in the material. In this way, you will help the students remember it
more easily. Later on, they themselves will be able to highlight their own texts.
Use graph paper
Some children find it difficult to keep the numbers aligned when performing
mathematical operations. Show them how to use graph paper to
keep the numbers organized in the corresponding columns.
9. Make lists
When assigning them a task that requires following multiple steps, try
do it through a list that clearly enumerates each step to follow. Hand it over
a list for each student so they can check off as they complete
the steps.
Let them move
For some children, spending a lot of time sitting and concentrating is
simply impossible. Let your more restless students stand while
they work, ask them to reach you some object or whatever allows them to be
in motion. If you have access to a balance ball, you can let it
They feel in her to be able to spend energy and learn at the same time.
11. Take a break
Giving the brain a break from time to time is necessary and advisable.
so that the students can maintain their concentration. Carry out an activity
physical with them for five minutes, whether with some brief movements of
yoga or stretching, so that they can return to their work with more energy.
Promote self-learning
Curiosity is an essential element that should stop all kinds of
student to learn about new topics. Previously, to get acquainted
With a new subject, it was essential to spend hours reading and researching.
but nowadays, TED talks are a way to get introduced to the topics
innovative in a fun and dynamic way. and learn all about what is coming.
Learning through games.
Learning through playful activities is a way to innovate in
Education. It is important for teachers to design their projects in detail.
to keep their students motivated. One way to do so may be
proposing online tests: students can compete against each other and see
who has the best grades.
The teacher must also be able to analyze objectively and with data.
empirical weaknesses and strengths of each student. In this way, it will be able to
organize work groups where the students teach and support each other
to solve them.
The control of learning must shift from the teacher to the students, so that
finally let them be the ones who decide what, how, and when they learn. To do this,
young people must have all the necessary material to get started
study program specially designed for them, while the teacher only
will act as a guide in case they request your help.
The constant evaluation of the students and their progress will, in the end,
the one that marks the path of personalization. The only way to know if it
offered to the students works as expected, effectively,
contrasting the progress that these have generated with their situation before
implement personalized learning methods.
The teacher must also be able to analyze objectively and with data.
empirical weaknesses and strengths of each student. In this way, you will be able to
organize work groups where the students teach and support each other
to solve them.
The control of learning should shift from the teacher to the students, so that
finally let them be the ones who decide what, how, and when they learn. For that,
young people must gather all the necessary material to get started
curriculum specially designed for them, while the teacher only
will serve as a guide in case they request your help.
The constant evaluation of students and their progress will ultimately be,
the one that marks the path of customization. The only way to know if it
offered to students works as expected is, effectively,
contrasting the progress that they have generated with their situation.
Factors that influence the study of children.
1- Environmental factors
These factors are related to the place where the child lives and grows.
It is considered that everything around can influence their learning. The
environmental factors allow the development of skills according to the
habits that the child has. For example, a child who is raised in the city
with daily access to tablets, computers, video games, and cell phones, you will be able to
enhance technological skills as that is what is seen day by day.
While a child raised in the countryside will have a greater chance of
enhance skills in agriculture, livestock, among others. No
however, this is not an indicator that a child is more intelligent than
rather, each one will be able to better develop their skills according to
to what he/she sees and does habitually.
2- Individual differences among children
Each child has differences, and it is these that make them a unique human being.
In that sense, it is necessary to know how far they can be demanded according to.
to their skills, aptitudes, and abilities. It is necessary for parents,
representatives and teachers know the limitations and the potentialities of
each child. Many times it is expected that all children learn at the same
rhythm for the simple fact of stopping the same age. This is counterproductive and
it can cause traumas, which would delay the learning of it.
3 - Child-rearing practices
This factor refers to the way in which parents and guardians raise
the children. The ideal would be to promote values and study habits. The way
It will vary according to each person with the aim of making it happen in the future.
entertaining learning. For example: reading a story every day with
Attention-grabbing drawings would be a way to encourage interest in reading.
Promoting learning at home motivates the child towards studying, preventing them from...
difficulties with the contents taught in class.
4- Hereditary factors
Hereditary factors refer to those congenital problems that can
presenting the children, preventing the maximum development of their abilities
intellectuals.
5- Violence against children
Violence against children, aside from affecting them physically and psychologically, affects
the learning.
Such an act causes the child to have feelings of fear, resentment, anger and not
think about your studies.
Parents who see their children little because they work during
all day
Currently, both the father and the mother work to be able to provide for.
economically for the family. This means that the time they spend with their children
be little, making the children feel sad and in some cases leaving a
side the study.
It doesn't mean that they should stop working and dedicate themselves only to the children. They must
learn to make use of the little time they can spend with the children and
to worry about their daily activities (with the aim of not
they feel alone and abandoned).
7- Socio-economic factors
Socio-economic factors can influence a child's learning.
positively or negatively. For example, the education of people
Those who have hearing disabilities tend not to be accessible for everyone.
population. There are few public schools specialized in this type of
disability). This means that children coming from a low-income family
resources have limited access or do not have access to it. However,
a family that has the necessary financial resources can
to provide an education that allows him to develop his potential to the fullest. This
It does not indicate that if a person is lacking resources, they cannot learn.
In many cases, it represents a disadvantage for learning.
8- Divorce
When parents divorce, it can sometimes negatively impact the
child. Sometimes they can feel guilty about that situation. In other cases
Parents take out incorrect attitudes on the children.
All of this makes them unwilling to study or have room for any thought.
that is not the problem they are going through. Portal motvo, it is necessary
that families going through a divorce process talk to their children
and explain to them what happens without turning it into a mediator.
9- Geographical factors
Even today, there are educational centers that are very distant from
certain populations. This means that children have to endure long
hours walking to assist to school. Finally, this situation can
to make them tired and decide to stop going or that they do not have the strength
necessary to pay attention during class due to the long walk that
I have had to do.
10- Cultural factors
Cultural factors vary from one society to another and influence learning.
about children. That is why what a child from India learns culturally does not
it is the same as what a child from Mexico learns.