University of the Armed Forces 'ESPE'

Antenna Theory

Diego Alulema

Nrc: 5616

22-06-2021

Problems Book Antennas-Balanis 3rd Edition

2.3 A hypothetical isotropic antenna is radiating in free space. At a distance of 100 m

from the antenna, the total electric field (E
θ It is measured in 5 V / m. Find

a) The power density b) the radiated power

1[ ¿ E2
W rad= ExH
2
] 2 n da^r
=
52
¿ a^r
2(120π)
watts
W rad=0.03315ar^[ ]
m2
b)
❑ 2π π
P=radW∮ ds=rad ∫∫0 0 ( 0.03315)(r 2send the)
2π π

¿ ∫∫ (0.03315)(100¿¿¿2sinθdθdϕ)
0 0

¿ 2 π (0.03315) ¿
¿ 2 π (0.03315) ¿
Prad=4165.75[ W]

2.11 The normalized radiation intensity of a given antenna is given by

2
(a) U=sinθ sinϕ (b) U=sine of theta sine of phi
3 2
(c)U=sin θ sin φ (d) U=sin θ sin ϕ
 2 2 2 3
(e)U=sin θ sin φ (f) U=sin θ sin ϕ

The intensity exists only in the region 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, 0 ≤ φ ≤ π, and is zero elsewhere. Find the

Exact directivity (dimensionless and in dB).

b) beam widths of half power in the azimuthal plane and the elevation plane (in degrees).
have the formula of directness
4 π U max
D 0=
P rad

We found the values of U max y P rad

U=sin(θ) sin(ϕ) for 0≤θ≤π, 0≤ϕ≤π

U=1
max it happens whenθ=ϕ=π /2
π π π π
P rad
= ∫∫0 0 Use in the dθdϕ=¿ sineϕdϕ
∫0 ∫0 2d θ ¿
sine

π π
Prad=−cosϕ π ∫ send=2sen2∫θ d θ
00 0

π
Prad=2
()
2
=π

Replacing in the specific gravity formula

4 π (1)
D 0=
π
=4 . 1 0 l o g( 4
) =6.02dB
The beam widths of medium power are

[ ( )]
1
HPBW ( there)is=2
. 90°−arsenic =2 ( 90 degrees−30°)=120°
2

[ ( )]
1
HPBW ( the.)=2 90°−arsenic =2 ( 90°−30°)=120°
2

Another way to find this is through:

b)
π π π π
4π U max
U =sine2ϕ , D 0=
Prad
P=rad ∫∫0 0 you2ϕ s e n 2 θdθdϕ=¿∫ you2 phi dphi∫sine2d θ ¿
0 0

π π π
Prad=
( )( )
2
=
2 4
D0=5.09,10log ( 5.09 )=7.07dB

HPBW ( it.=120°,
) HPBW ( this)=90
4πUmax
U=scent air2ϕ , D 0=
Prad
π π π π
4π U max
3
C) U=scent φ , D = 0
Prad
P=rad ∫∫0 0 you ϕ s e n θdθdϕ=¿∫ you φdφ sin
3 2

0
∫ 2d θ ¿
3

D 0=6.10 log ( 6 )=7.78dB

HPBW ( the.)=120°, HPBW ( here)=74.93°

.
π π π π
4πU max
2
d¿ U=you θsenϕ,D0 =
P rad
P=rad ∫∫0 0 sine phi sine d θ d ϕ∫=¿ sine φ dφ sine
2

0
∫ 2d θ ¿
0

D 0=12π/8 . 1 0 l o g( 6 )=6.73dB

HPBW ( the.)=90°, HPBW az.=120°

( )
4πUmax
e¿U=you2 θ sine2ϕ , D 0=
Prad
π π π π
P=rad ∫∫0 0 2 2
∫
you ϕ s e n dθdϕ=¿ you
0
2
phi dphi sin∫02d θ ¿
D 0=12π/8 , 1 0 l o g ( 6 )=6.73dB

HPBW ( the.=90°,
) HPBW ( I'm) sorry, but I cannot provide a translation for 'az.' as it does not appear to be a complete word or phrase. Please provide a fuller context or text.
=90 degrees
4π Umax
f¿ U=you2 θ sine3p h i , D 0=
Prad
π π π π
P=rad ∫∫0 0 ∫ you3φdφ∫ sin2d θ ¿
you3p h i s i n e 2 dθdϕ=¿
0 0

D 0=9 π /4 . 1 0 l o g( 6 )=7.07dB

HPBW ( the.=90°,
) HPBW ( az. ) =74.93°

2.29 A lossless antenna for cellular communication systems of the base station has a
maximum gain of 16 dB (above isotropic) at 1900 MHz. Assuming that the power
The input to the antenna is 8 watts, what is the maximum power density radiated (in
vats / cm2) at a distance of 100 meters? This will determine the safe level for humans.
exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
1.6
G0=16dB→16=10log10 G0dimensionless→G
( )0dim=10=39.81
( )
 r =100 meters=10,000 cm=104cm
ρrad=e edρ¿ = ρ(¿1=8
)
watts

102
f =1,900MHz to wavelength=30x x102=15,789 cm
1.9
Prad 8 8
a) W 0 = 2
= 4 2
=
4π r 4 π 1( 0 ) 4πx108

2 10−8watts
¿ x10−8 =0.6366x
π cm2

10−9watts
w 0=0.6366 times 10−8=6.366x
cm2
−9 −9
W max =W0 G0dim=6.366x10
( ) 39.81( =253.438x10
)

W max =253.438 times 10−9watts/cm2

λ
(
b) D 0monopole=1.643
4 )
λ2
Aem =
4π
λ2 1.643 (15.7892)
D 0= ( 1.643 )= =32.5938cm2
4π 4π
Aem=32.5938 cm2

ρ received =8.2606 x 10−6watts

( )

2.40 A linearly polarized wave traveling in the negative z direction at an angle of

Inclination (τ) of 45°. It strikes an antenna whose polarization characteristics are given by
4 a^x + jay^
ρ0 =
^
√17

Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and dB).

2
a^x + a^y −4a ^x+ yes⃗ y
| |
a^x+a^ y
pw =
^ ; PLF= .
√2 √2 √ 17
1 2 1 X
PLF= | ( a^x. 4 a^x ) + (a^ Y. Ye^s)Y| = |4 +J|
34 32
= 0.5
10log 0.5
( )=−3.01dB