Traditional Wooden Houses in Guayaquil From 1900 To 1940
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ScribdTranslationsTraditional Wooden Houses in Guayaquil From 1900 To 1940
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ScribdTranslationsTRADITIONAL WOODEN HOUSES IN GUAYAQUIL FROM 1900 TO 1940
HISTORY
Wood architecture was inherited from colonial traditions, its use in most of
Parts of the Ecuadorian coast is a pre-Columbian usage tradition.
The use of wood in Guayaquil dates back to shipbuilding, whose carpenters of
the banks were largely indigenous or black; the Spaniards were few in number.
The use of wooden planks in the construction of houses in Guayaquil is a contribution.
Hispanic and the product of the interaction of Indian and Spanish influences constituting
a hybrid style that did not follow a European scheme nor indigenous models.
These houses built in the early years of the 20th century, built by the bourgeoisie of
peak cocoa period.
CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE FAÇADE OF WOODEN CONSTRUCTIONS
FROM THE TIME
These buildings are easily identifiable thanks to certain architectural elements.
specifics such as:
Windows with grilles
Patios
The tympani of the windows and porches
The interior galleries
The splendid ceiling and cornices
GUAYAQUIL RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
In close relation to the street, the classification is according to three volumetric types:
A house architecture without porches like that of the Las Penas neighborhood.
An architecture with porticoes that includes buildings one or two stories high that
characterize the constructions made in the reticular plane.
A construction of country houses, located on the outskirts and surrounded by gardens.
ARCHITECTURE OF HOUSES WITHOUT SUPPORTS.
HOUSE OF EVA CALDERON
According to files, it was built between 1900 and 1930 (figure 1)
Architectural Technology
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (ELEMENTS) OF THE FACADE
Wood structure
Wooden doors
Wooden windows
Earth or wooden floors
Carved wooden pillars
Two levels of construction
Balconies
Wide and Straight Windows
Ornamentation on the facade
Central patio inside the house
LOCATION OF THE HOUSE EVA CALDERÓN
These residences have a close relationship with the street.
It is located on Numa Pompilio Llona street in the Las Penas neighborhood.
Most houses located on N. P Llona street have interior patios, contrary to
the one with the apples in the center (figure 2). The houses with patios originate from the ancient ones.
Eastern civilizations constitute one of the first signs of European influence.
during the colonial period. The courtyard was created in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia and in Baghdad.
It arrived in the west to Latin America due to the Spanish conquest in the Spanish houses.
Portuguese and Latin American.
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPACES
The house was designed with spacious general areas such as rooms and service.
hygienic, dining room, living room, service room, vestibule, an interior patio; the levels of the house
they were connected by a staircase. The spaces were independent of each other.
another and they were separated by walls.
Figure 2
Spanish colonization imposes a model of houses with a central courtyard for cultural reasons.
to contribute a solution to climate problems. This is how it becomes one of the
elements of colonial architecture, both in Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca.
THE HOUSES WITH PORTICOS IN THE CENTER
The presence of the use of numerous porches that distinguish them from other houses.
They serve at the same time as a lobby to the house and as covered exterior hallways supported by
pillars. The condition of the location in the reticular plan of the center of Guayaquil and of the
construction of houses in party wall, the porches are not just an element
typical architectural but instead become a permanent functional element of
Guayaquil.
Starting from the 1880s, the porch takes on great importance and in 1895, measures are enacted.
which regulate the height norms (3.5 m) and width (3 m); windows are prohibited
saledizas. In 1889, no house is built without porches and even the land to
they are provided with them, which demonstrates the importance of their use by
the general population, and in particular the pedestrian.
HOUSE ARTURO GARCÍA
Built between 1900 and 1925. Located in the Carbo parish on Imbabura street. The climate
The humid tropical climate has greatly influenced the overall construction scheme.
which is remarkable at certain architectural details.
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (ELEMENTS) OF THE FAÇADE
Supports
Windows with wooden grilles that allow for ventilation and protection against
the sun
Overhanging balconies with carved balusters
Wood structure
Patios
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPACES OF THE GARCÍA HOUSE
The plot is rectangular in shape, so the spatial distribution of the pieces is more
narrow that Achi house.
MICHEL ACHI HOUSE
Built between 1900 and 1925. Located in the Bolívar parish on Pedro Carbo street.
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (ELEMENTS) OF THE FAÇADE OF THE ACHI HOUSE
Support them
Windows with wooden grilles that allow for ventilation and provide protection against
the sun
Overhanging balconies with carved balusters
Classic type glass windows, framed by pilasters and topped by a pediment
triangular or a lintel
Wood structure
Patios
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPACES OF THE ACHI HOUSE
The circulation spaces often decorated with mat furniture are less
important in the García house, for this reason numerous rooms communicate with each other and the
spaces assigned to domestic employee services are much smaller.
In the Achi house, the spaces are almost always elongated in shape, arranged on one side.
and another of the great interior corridor that allows access to them. Outside the rooms, through the
often numerous, there are often in the houses of this era several salons of different
sizes.
On the other hand, it is interesting to observe in the two chosen examples, the common spaces.
they are located below the skylights, allowing for a permanent circulation of air and
a minimal natural lighting in the parts of the house that do not have windows.
The ground floor of the houses in the center is almost always destined, at least during the season
cocoa farm, to the drying and storage of cocoa before its export, and to the warehouses.
The Fifths
THE FIFTH PIETY
Built in the Carbo parish around 1900-1905 by Italian architects; and
it constituted one of the urban limits of Guayaquil. It belonged to one of the richest families.
from the city, the Madinya family, during the cocoa era.
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Wooden windows with lattices
Glass windows
Surrounded by gardens
Two floors of construction
Zinc roof
Wooden walls.
Wood structure.
Balcony with glass and iron cover
Rectangular pediments decorated with low relief motifs
Balconies with carved wooden balusters
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPACES
The ground floor is reserved for the main rooms such as the living room, the music room, the hall.
of being, where social life was developed; the first floor is occupied by the
rooms, accessed by a wooden double-entry staircase. The
The construction rests on a basement intended for warehouses.
Traditional wooden architecture is mainly representative of a large
number of residences from the beginning of the century; however, some constructions from
commercial or public type during the years 1900-1915 such as the Pharmacy of
Trade and the Society of Artisans.
HOUSES MADE OF WOOD MATERIALS
CON WITHOUT SUPPORTS (30 years) FIFTHS
SUPPORTS (1900- (1930-1940)
1920
ORIGIN Mediterranean and local Mediterranean and local European and local
ELEMENTS Wooden windows with Wooden windows with lattice Wooden windows with lattice and windows
lattices made of glass
ARCHITECT-
NICOS Portals ----------- ----------
Skylights Patios ----------
MATERIAL Wood Wood Wood
DOMINANT
PLAN Horizontal scheme Horizontal scheme Vertical scheme
Upper floor
Ground floor Rectangular shape Rectangular shape Square shape
Social area and zone of Social area and zone of Social area
rest (PA) rest (PA)
Service area below Service area near Service area (ground floor)
the skylights the courtyards
Spaces of Circulation around the Absence of spaces
circulation in patios circulation
runners.
Rooms on each side Rooms around the
of the runners. patios Rooms arranged in the manner
European
Narrow rooms of Small rooms
elongated shape elongated or square Large square rooms
