CLASSICAL AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT

This essay discusses the approaches and theories, years, main

proponents, classical management theory emphasizes the functions
basics that an organization must have to achieve its efficiency, another
the concept of this series would be that administration is the science that involves the
planning, organization, direction, and control, this is mentioned by the authors of
the history of the administration Henry Fayol and Taylor which are
involved in the classical approach to management mainly Fayol at
who is considered the father of management, he emphasized on the
structure and the effectiveness and the approach of that theory is a formal organization
I viewed the organization from an anatomical and structural perspective.
they established the general principles of management according to theory
classical in it were also the functions of the administrator which today in
day is known as the administrative process. Fayol proposed his entire theory
within a book in which the six functions of the company are found or
as he called them, the organizations.

Technical function; they are related to the production of goods or services of

the company. Commercial function; is responsible for buying, selling or exchanging
goods and services of the organization.
Financial function; it is responsible for the search and management of capital for the day.
to the day of the organization.

Security function; responsible for the protection and preservation of assets and
the people.
Accounting function; it is responsible for inventories, records, balances, costs and the
statistics handled by the company
Administrative function; it deals with the interaction of the other five functions.
it seeks to coordinate and synchronize the other functions while being above them
from the others.

Fayol argues that none of the first five functions have been previously mentioned.
mentioned have the task of formulating the company's action plan,
build its social body, coordinate efforts, do not harmonize actions
These powers constitute another function, which is where the one that today stems from is derived.
It is known as the administrative process, so these are the six functions.
from the company, now we see the five functions of the manager which is what
I enclose, he defines administration as planning, directing, controlling and
coordinate the administrative functions as they encompass the elements of the
administration. The principles of Fayol, the result of his studies and experiences,
They have been around for 80 years and it doesn't seem like they will go out of style. These functions have

a vertical and hierarchical structure, and aim to improve the level of efficiency of
the company through the arrangement of the departments of the company and their
interrelationships.
Planning: Basically, the manager must prepare the activities for
future conditions, based on the development of strategic objectives and
its achievement. Therefore, it must analyze the contingencies that may affect
the organization and plan how it will act to meet the goals that
they have noticed.

Organization: Another of the administrative functions has to do with

the organization of the company will be to organize human capital in an orderly manner
efficient. On one hand, it is necessary to hire a workforce that meets the
minimum qualification requirements, and on the other hand, they must train and educate those
workers to stay updated.

Address: The company's management must oversee the day-to-day operations of the
subordinates, while inspiring them to achieve the company's goals.
Some objectives that, like thecompany policies, they must present to the
subordinates. Although there are several supervisors, each one must fulfill the
company policies and treating subordinates according to those guidelines.
Coordination: A company is a large entity, with several branches, and the
the administrator must harmonize the processes and activities carried out by the
company. Each activity of the company must be completed with the work of another,
and enrich themselves with it.
Therefore, business administration should unify efforts and criteria.
with the aim of having the different souls of the company row in the same direction
address, heading togeneral objective of the company,which will imply a job
more profitable and efficient.

Control: Finally, we have thecontrol function in the administrative process.

The manager must ensure that the company's activities conform to
the company's policies and objectives in general. For that reason, it must be
attentive to possible deviations from plans and objectives to correct them and
reorient the work towards the initially outlined plan.
The administration must review and verify that everything is done in accordance with that.
approaches and guidelines, otherwise we may drift away from the
company culture and the stated objectives.

Fayol's theories are still relevant and important today, as

It is a framework that many organizations follow to achieve
good results at all levels. Its application has led to many
companies operate systematically for a long time, achieving
thus a good coordination in all areas, Fayol was the driving force and the one who
developed the known 14 fundamental principles, entering into
depth in the role of middle management and direction, to address
how they should organize themselves, make decisions and even interact with others
workers of the organization. This theory deals with management methods
innovators and has transcended all these years.

the scientific theory of management is divided into two periods, the first
The period began in the year 1903, where through the book of Frederick
Taylor (Workshop Management) got to know the mechanism he had for
achieve good management, the mechanism was that the objective of good
management was to pay high salaries and have low unit costs of
production, it also says that scientific methods should be applied
research and experimentation to control production operations.
The second period begins with the launch of another book by Frederick Taylor.
(Principles of Scientific Management) in 1911, discusses that industries
they suffered ailments that could be grouped into three factors, which are, laziness
of the workers, the management's ignorance regarding the routines of
work and the time required to carry them out and finally the lack of uniformity
in the work techniques or methods.

then follow the basic principles of Frederick Taylor, which are, "the
principle of planning" which consists of substituting the individual criterion of the worker,
improvisation and empirical acting in work based on methods
scientific procedures, "The principle of preparation" is based on selecting
scientifically the workers according to their attitudes, prepare them and
train them to produce more and better, according to the method
"The principle of control" talks about controlling the work to certify
to be executed according to the established rules as per the planned schedule,
The principle of execution consists of distributing the functions differently.
and the responsibilities so that the work discussion is more disciplined.
We can conclude from this topic that the approach of classical theory is to define the
structure to ensure the efficiency of all relevant parts whether
these organs (sections, departments) or people (occupants of positions and
task executors). Fayol has created favorable solutions to improve the
efficiency of management, generating benefits for the company. These programs
rely on research and application of administrative practices, which are
they are called administrative procedures (forecasting, organizing, directing, coordinating and
control); In summary, Taylor's main interest is to increase the
productivity improving production efficiency and increasing
remuneration of workers through the application of scientific methods.
Its principles emphasize the use of science, the establishment of harmony and
group cooperation, to achieve maximum production and worker development. It
it is limited to industrial companies and production workshops, and the only motivation is
the salary, excluding the accompanying occupations.
 Members
Maria José Mejía López
Efrén Mauricio Padilla Bautista
José Gabriel López Murillo