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Troubleshooting &
Maintaining Your PC
ALL-IN-ONE

3rd Edition

by Dan Gookin
Troubleshooting & Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937988

ISBN: 978-1-119-37835-8; 978-1-119-37837-2 (ebk); 978-1-119-37836-5 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents at a Glance
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Book 1: Solve My Problem Now! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 1: Trouble Comes Hither. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 2: Quick Fixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Book 2: O, We Got Trouble!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

CHAPTER 1: Startup Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CHAPTER 2: Disk Disaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
CHAPTER 3: Monitor Mayhem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CHAPTER 4: Internal Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
CHAPTER 5: Printer Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
CHAPTER 6: Peripheral Perils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
CHAPTER 7: Software Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
CHAPTER 8: Network Nonsense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
CHAPTER 9: Shutdown Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Book 3: Tools to Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

CHAPTER 1: Windows Recovery Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
CHAPTER 2: The Device Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
CHAPTER 3: MSCONFIG and the Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
CHAPTER 4: Safe Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
CHAPTER 5: System Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
CHAPTER 6: The Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
CHAPTER 7: The Windows Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
CHAPTER 8: Events and Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Book 4: PC Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

CHAPTER 1: Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
CHAPTER 2: Keep Mr. PC Safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
CHAPTER 3: Backup and Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Book 5: This Old PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

CHAPTER 1: Performance and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
CHAPTER 2: More Mass Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
CHAPTER 3: Boost PC Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
How This Book Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Icons Used in This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Beyond the Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Where to Go from Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

BOOK 1: SOLVE MY PROBLEM NOW!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 1: Trouble Comes Hither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Root of All PC Trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What’s Changed?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Installing software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Adding or removing hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Changing settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Hardware versus Software Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dealing with software issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Solving hardware issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
When to Give Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

CHAPTER 2: Quick Fixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Things to Try First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Restarting the PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Restarting a stubborn PC or laptop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Running a troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Repairing a program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fixing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Restoring the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Help! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Locating Internet support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Downloading drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Perusing forums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Contacting tech support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Be wary of remote desktop access! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table of Contents v
 BOOK 2: O, WE GOT TROUBLE! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
CHAPTER 1: Startup Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The Onset of PC Heartbreak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Phase I: Power On. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
What happens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Phase II: The POST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
What happens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Phase III: Startup Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
What happens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Phase IV: The Search for an Operating System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
What happens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Phase V: Operating System Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
What happens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Phase VI: Sign In to Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
What happens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
What could go wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Troubleshooting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
The Last Thing You Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

CHAPTER 2: Disk Disaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

PC Storage Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Understanding computer storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Exploring mass storage devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Finding mass storage in Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Adding another mass storage device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Adding media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Replacing drive C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Assigning drive letters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Resolving AutoPlay issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Removing media and mass storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Mass Storage Tools and Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Opening the Disk Management console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Finding mere mortal storage media tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

vi Troubleshooting & Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies

 Drive Management and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Understanding fragmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Defragmenting a hard drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Checking storage media for errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Formatting media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Changing drive letters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Joining storage media to a folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Fun with Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Examining disk partitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Shrinking a volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Creating a new volume in unallocated space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Extending a partition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Deleting a partition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

CHAPTER 3: Monitor Mayhem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

The PC Graphics System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Using the proper monitor terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Exploring the PC’s graphics system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Connecting the display adapter and monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Discovering your PC’s display adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Exploring the monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Adjusting the monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Orienting a monitor vertically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Connecting a second monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Captain Video Troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Seeing nothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Seeing only the mouse pointer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Swapping monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Saving the screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Saving power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Adjusting the resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Updating the video driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Disabling the video driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

CHAPTER 4: Internal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Deep Inside the Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Opening the PC case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Exploring the motherboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Closing the PC case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Things to Upgrade, Fix, or Repair Inside the Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Upgrading the power supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Replacing the clock battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Expanding memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Adding an expansion card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Adding or replacing an internal drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Table of Contents vii

 Power Management Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Locating power management controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Setting power management options for specific devices . . . . . . . 131
Recovering from a PC coma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Updating power drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

CHAPTER 5: Printer Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Between the Computer and Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Connecting a printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Connecting a printer manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Sharing the printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Controlling the printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Disconnecting a printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Keeping the printer stocked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Feeding envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
The Windows Side of Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Printing in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Using the Page Setup dialog box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Setting the default printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Working with print jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Canceling a print job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Printer Driver Duties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Checking the printer driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Browsing all printer drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Removing or resetting the printer driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Printer Problems and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
“It printed on the wrong side of the page!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
“Print preview lied!”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
“What’s this extra page?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
“What are these wrong colors and streaks?”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
“What’s this weird character on the page?”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
“I see page after page of gobbledygook!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
“The paper keeps jamming!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Using the Printing Troubleshooter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

CHAPTER 6: Peripheral Perils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Hardware Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Checking the Device Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Diagnosing USB issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Doing the hardware swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Running a hardware troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Audio Anxieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Testing the speakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Connecting speakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Fixing silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

viii Troubleshooting & Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies

 Testing the microphone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Running the audio troubleshooter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Updating audio device drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Keyboard and Mouse Woes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Troubleshooting basic input dilemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Taming a wild mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Making the mouse pointer move faster or slower. . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Improving mouse pointer visibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Using a left-handed mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Honing the keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Vacuuming a keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Cleaning the mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

CHAPTER 7: Software Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Installation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Adding software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Downloading software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Dealing with installation issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Banish the Unwanted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Uninstalling software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Removing bloatware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Cleaning up the crud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
The Good and Evil of File Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Understanding file association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Hiding or showing file extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Reviewing associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Changing file association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Dealing with unknown file types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Common Software Problems and Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
“How can I stop this program from starting automatically?” . . . . 194
“I need to run this older program” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
“This program is broken!”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
“How can I purge the recently opened file list?”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

CHAPTER 8: Network Nonsense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

The Network Big Picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Understanding networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Reviewing network hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Network Hardware Connection and Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Plugging in the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Connecting the gateway and modem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Configuring a gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Connecting to a wireless network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Managing wireless connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Checking network privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Table of Contents ix
 The Software Side of Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Looking at the network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Checking the Internet connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Enabling sharing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Sharing a folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Accessing shared folders on the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Mapping a network folder to a drive letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Network Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Checking the Device Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Resetting the NIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Upgrading the NIC’s driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Resetting the broadband modem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Resetting the network software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Restarting the entire network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Network Problems and Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
“What’s this firewall warning?”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
“Where did that network PC go?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
“I can’t get a wireless connection!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
“The Wi-Fi password has changed!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
“What’s a ‘metered connection’?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
“The hotel network keeps forgetting my laptop!”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

CHAPTER 9: Shutdown Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Such a Turn-Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Walking through the Windows shutdown process. . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Reviewing shutdown options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Problems with Restarting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Experiencing a random restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Restarting automatically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Shutdown Malaise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Upgrading software to fix shutdown issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Turning off a stubborn PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Waiting for an update to install. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Discovering that another user is signed in!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Dealing with the Restart Anyway prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

BOOK 3: TOOLS TO USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

CHAPTER 1: Windows Recovery Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Startup Keys and Recovery Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Reviewing the startup keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Locating recovery options in Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Resetting the PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Restoring the PC’s original version of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Using Advanced Startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

x Troubleshooting & Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies

 The Sacred Recovery Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Checking to see whether the PC has a recovery volume. . . . . . . . 249
Creating a recovery volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
The Windows Recovery Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Starting the Windows Recovery Environment
from Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Starting the Windows Recovery Environment
from a recovery volume or thumb drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Running the Windows Recovery Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Choosing System Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Recovering a system image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Performing startup repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Using the command prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Accessing the UEFI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Changing startup settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Restoring a previous build. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

CHAPTER 2: The Device Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Your Pal, the Device Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Opening the Device Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Looking for hardware in the Settings app. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Device Manager Duties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Dealing with errant hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Updating driver software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Disabling a device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Enabling a device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

CHAPTER 3: MSCONFIG and the Task Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

The System Configuration Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Exploring MSCONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Reviewing the troubleshooting tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
MSCONFIG Startup Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Examining the startup services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Disabling a startup service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

CHAPTER 4: Safe Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

The Mode Is Safe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Safe Mode to the Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Understanding safe mode modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Entering diagnostic mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Using safe boot for safe mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Getting into safe mode at boot-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Entering safe mode unexpectedly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Exploring safe boot options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Signing into safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Leaving safe boot safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Table of Contents xi
 Safe Mode Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Checking for problems in safe mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Running the System File Checker (SFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Reviewing the CBS.log file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Not Safe Mode Duties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

CHAPTER 5: System Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

The System Restore Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Understanding System Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Accepting System Restore’s limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Activating System Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Restore the System, Restore Your Sanity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Running System Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Getting to System Restore from the Windows
Recovery Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Choosing another restore point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Setting a restore point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Undoing a System Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
System Restore on Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

CHAPTER 6: The Task Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Task Control Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Summoning the Task Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Switching tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Exploring the Task Manager window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Connecting programs to processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Examining all the processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Enjoying the services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Here a Task, There a Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Ending a stuck program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Halting a process on the Details tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Disabling startup programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

CHAPTER 7: The Windows Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Behold the Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Understanding the Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Using the Registry Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Backing up the Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Modifying the Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Making specific Registry changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Finding stuff in the Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Registry Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

xii Troubleshooting & Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies

CHAPTER 8: Events and Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
What Has Gone On Here? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Reviewing events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Understanding events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336
Filtering and searching events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Diagnostics to the Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Understanding diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Viewing system information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Diagnosing DirectX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Running the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Using other diagnostic tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

BOOK 4: PC SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

CHAPTER 1: Windows Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Windows Updates, Doesn’t It?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Understanding Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Configuring Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Reviewing updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Updating drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Update Hiccups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Undoing an update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Fixing a stuck update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

CHAPTER 2: Keep Mr. PC Safe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Malicious + Software = Malware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Protecting your PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Obtaining malware (accidentally) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Surviving the malware scourge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Windows Defender to the Rescue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Understanding malware protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Exploring Windows Defender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Scanning for malware in Windows Defender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Dealing with an infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Life Behind the Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Understanding the firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Using the Windows Firewall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Dealing with a firewall alert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Reviewing firewall rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

CHAPTER 3: Backup and Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

An Emergency Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Prepare for Backup! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Getting external storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Using network storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Table of Contents xiii

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