CAPRICORN NORTH DISTRICT

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

TERM 1 TEST

13 MARCH 2025

MARKS: 150

DURATION: 2½ Hours

This question paper consists of 14 pages

Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 2 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Answer ALL the questions from SECTION A and SECTION B in the ANSWER
SHEET.
2.
Start each question from Section B on a NEW page.

3. Study the questions carefully and make sure you answer what is required.

4. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. You may use a non-programmable calculator

6. Show ALL your calculations, including formulae, where applicable

7. Write neatly and legibly
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 3 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A- D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER SHEET, e.g 1.1.11 B.

1.1.1 The stomach of a fowl where hydrochloric acid is secreted.

A Proventriculus
B Gizzard
C Ventriculus
D Abomasum

1.1.2 The movement of soluble food particles through the walls of intestines into
the blood stream is ...

A ingestion
B mastication
C absorption
D retention

1.1.3 The metabolic energy of the feed is equal to the gross energy of feed minus
the energy lost in ...

A manure, gases and body heat

B manure, urine and gases
C gases, urine and body heat
D manure, urine and body heat

1.1.4 The importance of emulsification during digestion involves:

(i) Changing the pH of chyme from alkaline to acidic

(ii) Assisting in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
(iii) Increasing the surface area for effective activity of lipase
(iv) Counteracting petrifaction

Choose the correct combination

A (i), (ii) and (iii)

B (i), (ii) and (iv)
C (i), (iii) and (iv)
D (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 4 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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1.1.5 A sign of aggressive behaviour in cattle:

A Slow movement
B Pawing
C Lying down and reluctant to get up
D Drooping head and ears

1.1.6 The production system in which the main tasks of the farmers and labourers
are to provide animals with feed supplements, water when necessary and
treating diseases.

A Intensive production
B Large scale farming
C Commercial farming
D Extensive production

1.1.7 In a commercial farming system, the following occurs:

(i) Profit is maximised by large-scale production.

(ii) Output is targeted for the household consumption.
(iii) Modern farming techniques are used.
(iv) Improved animal breeds and crop varieties are used.

Choose the CORRECT combination

A (i), (iii) and (iv)

B (i), (ii) and (iii)
C (i), (ii) and (iv)
D (ii), (iii) and (iv)

1.1.8 An instrument that is used to administer the deworming liquid to sheep:

A Dewormer
B Dosing gun
C Burdizzo
D Scalpel

1.1.9 The primary sex organ of a female animal:

A Vagina
B Cervix
C Ovary
D Fallopian tubes
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 5 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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1.1.0 ONE of the following statements with regard to the normal lactation of dairy
cows is INCORRECT.

A The higher the milk yield, the higher the butterfat content
B The period of milk production in cows is approximately 305 days.
C Milk production drops before drying up.
D The higher the milk yield, the lower the butterfat content.

(10 x 2) (20)

1.2 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B

ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the
ANSWER SHEET, e.g 1.2.6 B only.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 A: High DP content Suitable for growth, milk production and
B: High fibre content reproduction
1.2.2 A: Concentrates Provide bulkiness to the ration of a
B: Roughages ruminant farm animal.
1.2.3 A: Nipple drinker Supply water to pigs in an intensive
B: Computerised production system.
feeding troughs
1.2.4 A: Feeding Increase animal production in extensive
B: Environment farming of beef production.
1.2.5 A: Glycerol Protect semen against pH changes.
B: Antibiotics
(5 x 2) (10)

1.3 Give ONE word/term for EACH of the following descriptions. Write only the
word/term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER SHEET.

1.3.1 The absorption of volatile fatty acids along the concentration gradient
through the rumen wall.

1.3.2 The ability of farm animals to maintain a constant body temperature.

1.3.3 A milky, sticky, creamy and opaque liquid released through the penis during
ejaculation.

1.3.4 An organelle in the head of a sperm cell which contains genetic materials.
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 6 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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1.3.5 A condition where female animals are unable to conceive after several
attempts of artificial insemination.
(5 x 2) (10)

1.4 Change the UNDERLINE WORD(S) in EACH of the following statements to make
them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers (1.4.1 to 1.4.5) in
the ANSWER SHEET.

1.4.1 Food is forced down the oesophagus to the stomach by cardiac sphincter.

1.4.2 An elastrator is a castration tool used in farm animals and causes bleeding.

1.4.3 Seminal vesicle transports sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra.

1.4.4 Pro-oestrus is the stage in the oestrus when the corpus luteum is fully
functional.

1.4.5 Pregnancy period refers to the period in cows between two lactations.

(5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A (45)

 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 7 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION

Start this question on a NEW page.

2.1 The structures below illustrate the digestive system of ruminant and non-ruminant
farm animals.

DIAGRAM A DIAGRAM B

2.1.1 Name the farm animal represented by DIAGRAM B. (1)

2.1.2 Give TWO reasons, which are visible in DIAGRAM B above, to support your
answer in QUESTION 2.1.1. (2)

2.1.3 Identify the parts labelled A, D, E and G in DIAGRAMS A and B above. (4)

2.1.4 Indicate the pH of the contents of part F in DIAGRAM B. (1)

2.1.5 State the role played by part G in the digestion of food in DIAGRAM B. (1)

2.1.6 Refer to DIAGRAM A above, and identify the letter of the stomach part
where EACH of the following occurs:

(a) Foreign objects accumulate (1)

(b) Heat is produced (1)

2.1.7 The farm animal with stomach parts A, B, and C above can survive on feed
low in fat soluble vitamins. Justify this statement by indicating the adaptation
feature and its role. (2)

2.1.8 Differentiate between a ruminant and non-ruminant. (2)

 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 8 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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2.2 The table below represents different kinds of feeds and the nutrients
Feed name
DM% CP% DP% TDN% Ca% P% NR
Price/R
Maize fodder 6 20 9 9,75 60 0,51 0,24 5,2
Sorghum fodder 4 90 8 8,73 66 0,42 0,31 6,6
Wheat straw 5 90 3,7 4,12 42 0,31 0.11 D
Maize Stover 3,5 90 4 A 44 0.53 0,19 8,3
Cotton seed 16 90 17 17,15 110 0,23 0,92 2,9
Peanut DOC 25 90 23 B 126 0,27 0,30 4,1
Wheat bran 19 75 9 C 93 1,63 0,59 7,2
Chickpea husk 11 90 7 7,84 96 0,31 0,53 E
Urea 7 15 2 0 0 0 0 0
Potassium carb 5 18 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.2.1
Determine the DP% labelled A and C in the table above.
(a) A (1)
(b) C (1)

2.2.2 Calculate the NR labelled D in the above table (use the correct formula). Show all
the calculations (3)

2.2.3 A farmer would like to prepare a well-balanced ration for her Kalahari red
goats. The required DP% is estimated at 36%. He would like to mix Maize
Stover with Peanut DOC (table 2.2 above).

Determine the amount of Peanut DOC (in kilogram) which should be added to a
bag of 25kg mixture of feed for the Kalahari goats. (3)

2.2.4 Calculate the cost of Peanut DOC included in a 25kg as determined in

QUESTION 2.2.3. (2)

2.2.5 Animal feed is the food provided to domestic animals, notably livestock
such as cattle, goats, sheep, chicken and many more for animal husbandry
purposes.
Match the following type of feeds with the suitable descriptions below.

Concentrates, Forage, Roughages, Mixed feeds, Fodder

(a) Pasture forage, hay, silage and by-products feeds which contain a
higher percentage of fibre. (1)

(b) Feed that is harvested and taken to the animals. (1)

(c) Feeds that may either be high or low in proteins energy or they may
provide a complete balanced ration.
(1)
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 9 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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(d) The energy-rich grains and molasses, protein-rich supplements and

by-products feeds, vitamins supplements and mineral supplements. (1)

(e) Feed which is browsed on by animals while still on the land. (1)

2.3 The schematic representation below illustrate the energy flow

Gross energy 900

AAAAA energy
Digestible A 680 kJ Faeces (Energy lost) (A)

Metabolic energy Urine and gases (Energy lost 40kJ)

n
B 450 kJ Heat production( 220)

Function C Maintenance

2.3.1 Name the type of energy represented by letter B. (1)

2.3.2 Suggest the function represented by C. (1)

2.3.3 Calculate the energy lost through faeces represented in A. (2)

2.3.4 State TWO aims of calculating the energy value of the feed. (2)

2.4 A bull was fed 28 kg of dry matter and excreted 9 kg manure with 88% dry material.

Calculate the digestibility coefficient of the feed. Show ALL calculations. (5)

2.5 Name the vitamin or mineral associated with EACH of the following deficiency
symptoms.

2.5.1 Deformation and ulceration of the cornea of the eyes. (1)

2.5.3 Insufficient formation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells. (1)

2.6 State TWO ways in which mineral supplements can be given to farm animals. (2)

(45)
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 10 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION

3.1 The pictures below show the production system in pigs.

PICTURE A PICTURE B

PICTURE C PICTURE D

3.1.1 Identify the production system represented in PICTURE A and PICTURE B. (2)

3.1.2 Give the example of the pig production system represented in PICTURE C
and PICTURE D. (2)

3.1.3 Identify the production system that needs low input. (1)

3.1.4 Name the animal handling facility in PICTURE B. (1)

3.1.5 Give ONE reason for housing pigs in the facility in PICTURE B (1)

3.1.6 Deduce TWO factors from PICTURE B that contribute to increased (2)
production.
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3.2 The table below shows expected growth rates of farm animals as the temperature changes.

GROWTH RATE (kg) TEMPERATURE (oC)

PIGS COWS
130 110 35
90 100 25
50 90 15
25 80 5
5 70 0

3.2.1 Draw a line graph to compare the growth rate of cows and pigs under
different temperatures. (6)

3.2.2 Identify the farm animals that need to be kept in an environment with
housing facilities. (1)

3.2.3 Give a reason to support the answer in QUESTION 3.2.2. (2)

3.3 Indicate the farm animals that show the following types of behaviour during handling.

3.3.1 Pawing when in distress. (1)

3.3.2 Wallow in the mud to cool down. (1)

3.3.3 Stay closer together while grazing or being herded. (1)

3.3.4 Peck when feeding. (1)

3.4 State THREE requirements for transporting farm animals. (3)

(25)
 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 Test Grade 12 12 Capricorn North District 13 March 2025
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QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

4.1 The diagrams below show the reproductive organs of farm animals

DIAGRAM 1 DIAGRAM 2

4.1.1 Identify letter C, G and I. (3)

4.1.2 Identify the LETTER (A – I) of the part in DIAGRAM 1 and DIAGRAM 2

where EACH of the following occurs:

(a) Transport for sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra. (1)

(b) Where copulation occurs. (1)

(c) Serves the function of implantation (1)

(d) Site where spermatogenesis occurs. (1)

(e) Secrete the liquid that serves as an energy source for sperm cells. (1)

4.1.3 Identify the primary sex organ in DIAGRAM 2 that performs a similar
function to the one performed by D in DIAGRAM 1. (1)

4.1.4 Explain the process that take place in the primary sex organ mentioned in
QUESTION 4.1.3. (2)

4.1.5 Give TWO functions of the hormone secreted in part D. (2)

4.1.6 State TWO congenital defects that may cause sterility in DIAGRAM 1. (2)
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4.2 Re-arrange, in sequential order, the following statements (A-E) relating to the stages
of mating. Write down only the letter of the statement.

4.2.1 A Bull releases sperm. (1)

4.2.2 B Penetration of the vagina. (1)

4.2.3 C Bull shows interest in cows due to increased level of pheromones. (1)

4.2.4 D Male animal jumps off. (1)

4.2.5 E Male animal stand on his hind legs with his chest on the female animal’s
rump. (1)

4.3 The table below represents four different techniques used in animal reproduction.

TECHNIQUE1 TECHNIQUE 2 TECHNIQUE 3 TECHNIQUE 4

Cow are treated Semen collected Many embryos are The nucleus of a
with hormones from a selected taken from cell is removed
to come into male animal is selected female and placed into
oestrus at placed into the animals after another prepared
approximately reproductive track of fertilisation egg cell
the same time. female animals in
oestrus

4.3.1 Name the reproductive techniques numbered 1, 3 and 4. (3)

4.3.2 Name ONE hormone that is used in technique 1 to achieve the intended
results. (1)

4.3.3 State TWO advantages of technique number 2. (2)

4.4 Normal presentation of the foetus before parturition is very crucial to avoid difficult
birth.

4.4.1 Provide the scientific term for difficult birth. (1)

4.4.2 State TWO causes of difficult birth. (2)

4.4.3 Name a hormone responsible for the relaxation of the cow’s muscles before
parturition. (1)

4.4.4 Give TWO noticeable behavioural changes in a cow which is about to give
birth. (2)
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4.5 Milk production in cows is stimulated by hormones.

4.5.1 Name the hormones responsible for each of the following:

(a) Milk production (1)

(b) Milk release (1)

4.5.2 Indicate ONE stimulus that enhances the release of milk. (1)

(35)

TOTAL SECTION B: [105]

GRAND TOTAL : [150]