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Gender, Power, · -:;;.-~~~

and ReI igion · .. r...-::-o-c. . ....'7

in the
~11\.~·s...
Early Spanish . .
Kingdoms
 HER FATHER’S DAUGHTER
HER FATHER’S
DAUGHTER

n GE N D E R , P OW E R ,
AND RELIGION IN
THE EARLY SPANISH
K I N G D O MS

Lucy K. Pick

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS

Ithaca and London
Copyright © 2017 by Cornell University

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review,

this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any
form without permission in writing from the publisher. For
information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House,
512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2017 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Pick, Lucy K., 1966– author.
Title: Her father’s daughter : gender, power, and religion in
the early Spanish kingdoms / Lucy K. Pick.
Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2017. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017025818 (print) | LCCN 2017027015
(ebook) | ISBN 9781501714337 (epub/mobi) | ISBN
9781501714344 (pdf ) | ISBN 9781501714320 (cloth : alk.
paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Upper class women—Spain—History—To
1500. | Women and religion—Spain—History—To
1500. | Monarchy—Spain—History—To 1500. | Sex
role—Spain—History—To 1500. | Power (Social
sciences)—Spain—History—To 1500. | Women—
Spain—History—Middle Ages, 500–1500. | Spain—
History—711–1516.
Classification: LCC HQ1147.S7 (ebook) | LCC HQ1147.S7
P53 2017 (print) | DDC 305.40946/0902—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017025818

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally

responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent
possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials
include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers
that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed
of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our
website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cover illustration: Urraca, daughter of Ferdinand I. Santiago

de Compostela, library of the cathedral, Coruña, Spain.
Album / Art Resource, NY.
For my father, in memory, from my sister and me
 Contents

List of Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
Abbreviations xiii

Introduction 1
1. Visigothic Inheritance,
Asturian Monarchy 21
2. Virgins and Martyrs 62
3. Networks of Property,
Networks of Power 104
4. Memory, Gift, and Death 169
Looking Forward, Looking
Beyond 227

Works Cited 247

Index 267
  Figures

1. Map of the Iberian Peninsula xvi

2. Eleventh-century kings of León and Castilla 4
3. Royal succession in the Asturias 46
4. Visigothic succession according to Asturian historiography 53
5. Plaque with the Journey to Emmaus and Noli me tangere 100
6. Urraca Fernández’s diploma restoring the see of Túy 109
7. Detail of Urraca Fernández’s diploma 110
8. Relationships among nobles in Urraca Fernández’s
diploma for Túy 121
9. Tenth-century Leonese genealogy 125
10. Abbess Guntroda and the Leonese royal family 127
11. Abbess Guntroda and Rodrigo Velásquez 133
12. Puerta de San Esteban, Great Mosque of Córdoba, and
north door of San Martiño de Pazó 140
13. Map of places named in Elvira Fernández’s will of 1099 165
14. Reliquary casket of Saints Adrian and Natalia 187
15. Arca Santa of Oviedo 189
16. Chalice of Urraca Fernández 199

ix
  Ack nowledgments

This book is the product of inspiring reads,

late-night conversations, fortuitous archival discoveries, enlightening con-
ference presentations, and many hours of patient friends taking time to
read my work and think through it with me. All this has left me debts of
gratitude that I gladly acknowledge. My first thanks are due to the faculty
reading group I joined in 2004, which included, over time, Daisy Delogu,
Lisa Voigt, Rebecca Zorach, Nicole Lassahn, and Cecily Hilsdale, and which
later morphed into the Pre-Modern Body Project, expanding to add Niall
Atkinson, Ryan Giles, Aden Kumler, and Jonathan Lyons. All contributed
their knowledge and counsel to sections of this book. Daisy wins the prize
for reading the whole thing, and Cecily wins another for getting me to read
Annette Weiner and teaching me how to take photographs of buildings. The
Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality (CSGS) at the University of
Chicago provided generous financial and logistical support for the Pre-Modern
Body Project. My service as the interim faculty director of CSGS while I
put the finishing touches on this book was possible only because of our
wonderful staff, Gina Olson, Sarah Tuohey, and Tate Brazas. Friends at my
usual institutional home, the Divinity School, kept me pointed in the right
direction and inspired me to think in new ways about the role of religion
in medieval culture. I am grateful to the dean, Richard Rosengarten, for his
many years of support and for making possible the lovely image on the cover.
Special thanks are due to Bruce Lincoln, whose reading of a languishing part
of this project encouraged me to keep going. Parts of this book began life
as a string of conference talks. I am especially grateful to Susan Boynton
at Columbia University; Suzanne Conklin Akbari at University of Toronto;
Bretton Rodriguez at Notre Dame; and Therese Martin at CSIC, Madrid, for
inviting me to speak at their institutions. Miriam Shadis and James D’Emilio
both graciously read chapter 3, and I benefitted greatly from their wisdom
and expertise.
Early research for this project was undertaken in Spain through the Span-
ish Program for Cultural Cooperation (now, Hispanex). The librarians and

xi
xii A C K N OW L E D G M E N TS

archivists at the Biblioteca Nacional de España, Archivo Historico Nacional,

Universidad de Salamanca, El Escorial, British Library, San Isidoro de León,
and the cathedral of León generously gave me access to their materials. Par-
ticular thanks are due to Avelino Bouzón Gallego, the canon archivist of the
cathedral of Túy. He not only gave me permission to use photographs of its
splendid charter; he also, as parish priest of San Bartolomeu in Rebordáns,
the eleventh-century church that was its original cathedral after the see was
refounded by Urraca Fernández, unlocked the church for us and showed us
its marvels, including the Roman tiles in the crypt.
I am grateful to Peter Potter, who saw the potential in this project, and to
Mahinder Kingra, who picked it up for Cornell University Press. The book
is better for the suggestions made by the two readers for the press, who read
with care and generosity. Bethany Wasik, Susan Specter, and Julie Nemer
have done everything they could to make sure the book is beautiful and free
of errors—I take responsibility for any that remain. Bill Nelson produced the
lovely maps. The photograph of Urraca Fernández’s chalice is in this book
only thanks to the patience and tenacity of Robbi Siegal at Art Resource.
I want to thank my mother, Sheila O’Connor, for her pride in me, which
has never wavered since the day I was born. She taught me to believe that
what I could accomplish was limited only by my imagination. My sister
Deedee is my best friend and my biggest cheerleader, as I am hers, and the
love of her and her family, Thomas, Evie, and Willem, propels me. I thank
my son, Leo Allen, who makes everything worthwhile, and my husband,
Michael Kremer, who makes everything easy. Finally, I recall my father,
Michael Pick, who died in 1987 and in whose memory I offer, with my sister,
this book as a gift. May his memory be a blessing.
  A bbrevi ati ons

AC Archivo Capitular
ad Seb. ad Sebastianum
AHN Archivo Histórico Nacional de España
Alb. Albeldense
AM Archivo Monástico
BC Biblioteca Capitular
BL British Library
BN Biblioteca Nacional de España
BnF Bibliothèque nationale de France
BU Biblioteca Universitaria
CCCM Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis
CD León Colección documental del archivo de la catedral de León (775–1230)
CEISI Centro de Estudios e Investigacíon San Isidoro
CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica
PL J. P. Migne, ed., Patrologiae cursus completus, series Latina
PMH Portugaliae monumenta historica: Diplomata et chartae
RAH Real Academia de la Historia
Rot. Rotense
UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

xiii
 HER FATHER’S DAUGHTER
 Pravia
Lugo Oviedo Cangas de Onís
GALICIA AS T U R I AS
N Santiago de
LEÓN
Pamplona
Compostela Oña
León Eslonza NAVARRA
Orense Santa Cruz de
Celanova Sahagún Burgos
Cardeña la Serós Sant Joan
Túy San Martiño de Pazó C AS T I L L A de les Abadesses
Covarrubias ARAGÓN CATALUNYA
Braga
Barcelona

Toledo

Dénia

AL-ANDALUS

Córdoba

Sevilla

0 50 100 150 mi

0 100 200 km

Figure 1. Map of the Iberian Peninsula

Introduction

On June 13, 1071, royal daughter Urraca Fernán-

dez refounded the bishopric of Túy on the banks of Miño river in the far west
corner of what had been her father’s kingdom. The diocese had been vacant
for decades after the depredations of Viking raiders along the Atlantic coast.
“All-powerful Maker of all things, strong King of the ages,” her diploma begins,
addressing God as supreme male monarch. This leads into a narrative of the
destruction of the see of Túy: “From the report of ancients, we know that
all Spain was held by the Christians and adorned by bishops in ecclesiastical
sees in every province. A short time later, with sin ever-growing, the sea coast
was overthrown by the race of the Vikings, and the bishop of the see of Túy,
who held rule in that place, was taken by those enemies, and all his people
captured. Some were killed; some were sold. The city was reduced to nothing,
and remained widowed and miserable for many years.” After this lengthy exor-
dium, which imagines Túy in losing its bishop as a woman who has lost her
husband, Urraca donated a series of properties to Túy and its new bishop that
would provide the see with a landed economic base and fund the construction
of a new cathedral.1

1. M. Rubén García Álvarez, “El diploma de restauración de la sede de Túy por la infanta Urraca,”
Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos 17 (1962): 289–92. All translations are mine unless otherwise stated.

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