ADITYA VIDYASHRAM RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL, PUDUCHERRY

CLASS X CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS 2023-2024

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Expt. No.: 1
Date:
1. OBJECTIVE: To perform and observe the following reactions and classifying them into:
A. Combination reaction - Action of water on Quicklime
B. Decomposition reaction - Action of heat on Ferrous sulphate crystals
C. Displacement reaction - Iron nails kept in Copper sulphate solution
D. Double displacement reaction - Reaction between Sodium sulphate and Barium chloride solutions
A. Combination reaction - Action of water on quicklime
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
● Calcium oxide (Quick lime) Jet tube, Beaker, Test tube, Distilled water.
PROCEDURE:

● Take a small quantity of calcium oxide (quick lime) in a beaker.

● Slowly add water to the quick lime taken in the beaker. Pour enough water so that the quick
lime remains submerged in the water.
● Touch the beaker with fingers to note the temperature.
● Leave the beaker undisturbed for some time.
● Take a small quantity of clear solution from the beaker in a test tube and blow exhaled air
into the lime water.

OBSERVATIONS:

● When water is added to quick lime, a suspension of slaked lime is formed.

● On touching the beaker we feel it is hot.
● A clear solution appears as the suspension of slaked lime settles down to the bottom of the
beaker.
● On blowing exhaled air that contains sufficient carbon dioxide, lime water turns milky.

INFERENCES:

● Quick lime reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime releasing a large amount of
heat. So the reaction is highly exothermic.

● Slaked lime is only slightly soluble in water, so it forms a suspension of slaked lime in water.
● The clear solution obtained after the suspension settles is called lime water.
● Exhaled air contains CO2 which turns lime water milky.
● Calcium oxide and water react to form only a single product, Calcium hydroxide. So the
reaction is a Combination reaction.

B. Decomposition reaction - Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Bunsen burner, Ferrous sulphate crystals, Test tube holder, Boiling tube.
PROCEDURE:

● Take about 2g of Ferrous sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube and note the colour of the
crystals.
● Hold the boiling tube with a test tube holder and heat the boiling tube over the flame of a
burner.
● Smell the gas being emitted.
● Observe the colour of the crystals after heating.

OBSERVATIONS:

● The Ferrous sulphate crystals are light green in colour.

● The gas emitted has the characteristic odour of burning sulphur.
● On heating, the colour changes from light green to white.
● On further heating, the white substance changes to dark brown solid.

INFERENCE:

● Ferrous sulphate crystals contain water molecules (FeSO 4. 7H2O). On heating, Ferrous
sulphate crystals lose water and anhydrous Ferrous sulphate (FeSO 4) is formed. So their
colour changes from light green to white.
● On further heating, anhydrous Ferrous sulphate decomposes to form Ferric oxide (Fe 2O3),
sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3). So, the gas emitted smells like burning
sulphur.

● In this reaction, the single reactant FeSO 4 decomposes to form three different products. So,
the reaction is a Decomposition reaction.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Do not point the mouth of the boiling tube at your neighbours or yourself.
2. Waft gases emitted from Ferrous sulphate on heating gently towards your nose holding the
test tube at a distance. The gases SO 2 and SO3 are very harmful, so do not take a deep breath
when smelling the odour of the gases.
3. Always use a test tube holder while heating the test tube.

C. Displacement reaction - Iron nails kept in Copper sulphate solution

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Thread, Sand paper, Iron nails, Test tubes, Copper sulphate solution, Stand with clamp.

PROCEDURE:
 ● Clean two iron nails of sufficient size by rubbing them with sand paper so that their colour
appears grayish.
● Take sufficient quantity of copper sulphate solution in two different test tubes.
● Clamp the test tubes to different stands.
● Tie one nail using a thread and hang in one test tube. Tie the other end of the thread to the
stand.
● Keep the other nail in a Petri dish for comparison after the experiment.
● Keep the two test tubes undisturbed for about 15 minutes.
● Remove the iron nail immersed in the copper sulphate solution and put it in the Petri dish.

OBSERVATIONS:

● There is a brown coating on the iron nail dipped in the copper sulphate solution. Whereas the
iron nail placed in the Petri dish shows the grayish colour of iron.
● The colour of the solution of copper sulphate in which the iron nail was dipped changes to
light greenish, whereas the colour of copper sulphate solution in the other test tube does not
change.

INFERENCE:

● The brown coating on the iron nail shows that Copper is deposited on the Iron nail by
displacing iron.
● The greenish colour of the solution in the test tube shows that Fe 2+ ions are present in the
solution.
● This shows that Iron is more reactive than Copper, as Fe 2+ ions have displaced Cu2+ ions from
Copper sulphate solution.
● This is a Single displacement reaction in which Copper has been displaced from Copper
sulphate solution.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Clean the iron nails by rubbing with sand paper to remove rust, dust or greasy surface.
2. Keep the control experiment to compare the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate solution.
3. Avoid touching copper sulphate solution or nail dipped in copper sulphate solution as copper
sulphate is poisonous.

D. Double displacement reaction - Reaction between Sodium sulphate and Barium chloride
solutions

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Sodium sulphate solution, dil. HCl, Barium chloride solution, Conical flask, Test tubes, Glass rod.

PROCEDURE:

● Take 2ml of Sodium sulphate solution in a test tube.

● Take 1ml of Barium chloride solution in another test tube.
● Add Barium chloride solution to Sodium sulphate solution.
● Observe the change.

OBSERVATION:
 ● A white precipitate appears that is insoluble in dilute HCl.

INFERENCE:

● When Sodium sulphate chemically reacts with Barium chloride in the form of their aqueous
solutions, white precipitate of Barium sulphate appears. This confirms the presence of
Sulphate (SO42-) ions.

● It is a Double displacement reaction in which Sulphate ions are displaced by Chloride ions
and Chloride ions are displaced by Sulphate ions.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Use the chemicals judiciously.

2. Keep the mouth of the test tube away from your face and also from other classmates.
3. Handle the acids and alkali carefully.