Introduction to Digital System
Communication
Systems
Presented by E3
Communication
Systems
The communication system is a
system which describes the
information exchange between two
points. The process of transmission
and reception of information is called
communication.
Electronic Communications
In electronic communication systems, the message is referred to
as information, or an intelligence signal. This message, in the
form of an electronic signal, is fed to the transmitter, which then
transmits the message over the communication channel. The
message is picked up by the receiver and relayed to another
human.
Noise is the general term applied to any phenomenon that
degrades or interferes with the transmitted information.
A general model of all communication systems.
Transmitter
The transmitter itself is a collection
of electronic components and circuits
designed to convert the electrical
signal to a signal suitable for
transmission over a given com-
munication medium. Transmitters are
made up of oscillators, amplifi ers,
tuned circuits and fi lters,
modulators, frequency mixers,
frequency synthesizers, and other
circuits.
Communication Channel
The communication channel is the
medium by which the electronic
signal is sent from one place to
another. Many different types of
media are used in communication
systems, including wire conductors,
fiber-optic cable, and free space.
Electrical Conductors
In its simplest form, the medium may simply be a pair of
wires that carry a voice signal from a microphone to a Free Space
headset. It may be a coaxial cable such as that used to
carry cable TV signals. Or it may be a twisted-pair cable
used in a local-area network (LAN). Radio is the broad general term applied to any form of
wireless communication from one point to another. Radio
makes use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Intelligence
Optical Media signals are converted to electric and magnetic fields that
propagate nearly instantaneously through space over
long distances.
The communication medium may also be a fiber-optic
cable or “light pipe” that carries the message on a light
wave.
Other Types of Media
Receivers
A receiver is a collection of electronic
components and circuits that accepts
the transmitted message from the
channel and converts it back to a
form understandable by humans.
Receivers contain amplifi ers,
oscillators, mixers, tuned circuits and
fi lters, and a demodulator or
detector that recovers the original
intelligence signal from the
modulated carrier.
Transceivers
Most electronic communication is
two-way, and so both parties must
have both a transmitter and a
receiver. As a result, most
communication equipment
incorporates circuits that both send
and receive. These units are
commonly referred to as transceivers.
All the transmitter and receiver
circuits are packaged within a single
housing and usually share some
common circuits such as the power
supply.
Attenuation
Signal attenuation, or degradation, is
inevitable no matter what the medium of
transmission. Attenuation is proportional
to the square of the distance between
the transmitter and receiver. Media are
also frequency selective, in that a given
medium will act as a low-pass
filter to a transmitted signal, distorting
digital pulses in addition to greatly
reducing signal amplitude over long
distances.
Noise
Noise is mentioned here because it is
the bane of all electronic
communications. Its effect is
experienced in the receiver part of
any communications system. While
some noise can be filtered out, the
general way to minimize noise is to
use components that contribute less
noise and to lower their
temperatures.
Examples:
Wired Communication Systems:
Telephone Systems:
These systems use copper wires or fiber optic cables to
transmit voice signals over long distances.
Computer Networks:
Local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs)
use cables to connect computers and other devices, enabling
data transfer and resource sharing.
Cable Television:
Transmits video and audio signals through coaxial cables to
homes and businesses.
Telegraph:
An early form of electronic communication that used electrical
signals to transmit messages encoded in Morse code.
Wireless Communication Systems: Digital Communication Systems:
Radio Systems: Email: Allows users to send and receive
Broadcast radio and television rely on radio messages electronically.
waves to transmit information, which can be
received by anyone with a compatible receiver. Instant Messaging and Chat: Enables real-
time text-based communication between
Mobile Phone Networks: users.
Cellular networks use radio waves to enable
voice and data communication between mobile Social Media: Platforms like Facebook and
devices. Twitter facilitate communication and
information sharing.
Satellite Communication:
Uses satellites orbiting the Earth to relay Video Conferencing: Tools like Zoom and
signals over long distances, facilitating global Skype allow for real-time audio and video
communication. communication.
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth: Websites and Blogs: These provide a platform
These technologies enable short-range for sharing information and communicating
wireless communication between devices, such with a wider audience.
as computers, smartphones, and peripherals.
Presented by 3E
Thank you!
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