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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 225

Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Vikrant Bhateja
Margarita N. Favorskaya
T. Adilakshmi Editors

Smart Computing
Techniques and
Applications
Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on Smart Computing and
Informatics, Volume 1
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

Volume 225

Series Editors
Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International,
Shoreham-by-Sea, UK
Lakhmi C. Jain, KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK
The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the
topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the
series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of
single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest
results available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary research
combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought.
The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligence
in a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence,
which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environment
and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and
innovation strategies employed to make this happen effectively. The combination of
intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a
synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The
series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand-
books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and
technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions.
High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the
series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that
contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere
to KES quality principles.
Indexed by SCOPUS, EI Compendex, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH,
Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST), SCImago, DBLP.
All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767

Suresh Chandra Satapathy · Vikrant Bhateja ·
Margarita N. Favorskaya · T. Adilakshmi
Editors

Smart Computing
Techniques and Applications
Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on Smart Computing
and Informatics, Volume 1
Editors
Suresh Chandra Satapathy Vikrant Bhateja
School of Computer Engineering Department of Electronics
KIIT University and Communication Engineering
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Shri Ramswaroop Memorial Group
of Professional Colleges (SRMGPC)
Margarita N. Favorskaya Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Reshetnev Siberian State University
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
of Science and Technology
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
T. Adilakshmi
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Vasavi College
of Engineering, Hyderabad
Telangana, India

ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic)

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
ISBN 978-981-16-0877-3 ISBN 978-981-16-0878-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0878-0

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Conference Committees

Chief Patrons

Sri M. Krishna Murthy, Secretary, VAE

Sri P. Balaji, CEO, VCE

Patron

Dr. S. V. Ramana, Principal, VCE

Honorary Chair

Dr. Lakhmi C. Jain, Australia

General Chair

Dr. Suresh Chandra Satapathy, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar

Organizing Chair

Dr. T. Adilakshmi, Professor and HOD, CSE, VCE

v
vi Conference Committees

Publication Chairs

Dr. Nagaratna P. Hegde, Professor, CSE, VCE

Dr. Vikrant Bhateja, SRMGPC, Lucknow, UP, India

Program Committee

Dr. S. Ramachandram, Former Vice Chancellor, OU

Dr. Banshidhar Majhi, Director, IITDM Kancheepuram
Dr. Siba K. Udgata, Professor, HCU
Dr. Sourav Mukhopadhyay, Associate Professor, IIT Kharagpur
Dr. P. Radha Krishna, Professor, CSE, NIT Warangal
Dr. M. M. Gore, Professor, MNNIT, Allahabad
Dr. S. M. Hegde, Professor, NIT Surathkal
Dr. S. Bapi Raju, Professor, IIIT Hyderabad
Dr. Rajendra Hegadi, Associate Professor, IIIT Dharwad
Dr. S. Sameen Fatima, Former Principal, OU
Dr. K. Shyamala, Professor, OU
Dr. Naveen Sivadasan, TCS Innovation Labs, Hyderabad
Dr. Badrinath G. Srinivas, Research Scientist—III, Amazon Development Centre,
Hyderabad
Dr. Ravindra S. Hegadi, Professor, PAH Solapur University
Dr. S. P. Algur, Professor and Chairman, CSE, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi
Dr. R. Sridevi, HOD, Department of CSE, JNTUH

International Advisory Committee/Technical Program

Committee

Dr. Rammohan, South Korea

Dr. Kailash C. Patidar, South Africa
Dr. Naeem Hanoon, Malaysia
Dr. Vimal Kumar, The University of Waikato, New Zealand
Dr. Akshay Sadananda Uppinakudru Pai, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr. K. C. Santosh, The University of South Dakota
Dr. Ayush Goyal, Texas A&M University, Kingsville
Dr. Sobhan Babu, Associate Professor, IIT Hyderabad
Dr. D. V. L. N. Somayajulu, Director, IIIT Kurnool
Dr. Siba Udgata, Professor, HCU
Dr. R. B. V. Subramaanyam, Professor, NITW
Dr. S. G. Sanjeevi, Professor, NITW
Conference Committees vii

Dr. Sanjay Sengupta, CSIR, New Delhi

Dr. A. Govardhan, Rector, JNTU Hyderabad
Prof. Chintan Bhatt, Chandubhai Patel Institute of Technology, Gujarat
Dr. Munesh Chandra Trivedi, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad
Dr. Alok Aggarwal, Professor
Dr. Anuja Arora, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
Dr. Divakar Yadav, Associate Professor, MMMUT, Gorakhpur, India
Dr. Kuda Nageswar Rao, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Dr. M. Ramakrishna Murthy, ANITS, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Suberna Kumar, MVGR, Vizianagaram
Dr. J. V. R. Murthy, Director Incubation and IPR, JNTU Kakinada
Dr. D. Ravi, IDRBT, Hyderabad
Dr. Badrinath G. Srinivas, Research Scientist—III, Amazon Development Center,
Hyderabad
Dr. K. Shyamala, Professor, OU
Dr. P. V. Sudha, Professor, OU
Dr. M. A. Hameed, Assistant Professor, OU
Dr. B. Sujatha, Assistant Professor, OU
Dr. T. Adilakshmi, Professor and HOD, CSE, VCE
Dr. Nagaratna P. Hegde, Professor, CSE, VCE
Dr. V. Sireesha, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE

Organizing Committee

Dr. D. Baswaraj, Professor, CSE, VCE

Dr. K. Srinivas, Associate Professor, CSE, VCE
Dr. V. Sireesha, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Mr. S. Vinay Kumar, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Mr. M. Sashi Kumar, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
M. Sunitha Reddy, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
R. Sateesh Kumar, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Mr. T. Nishitha, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE

Publicity Committee

Dr. M. Shanmukhi, Professor, CSE, VCE

Mr. C. Gireesh, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Ms. T. Jalaja, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Mr. I. Navakanth, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Ms. S. Komal Kaur, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Mr. T. Saikanth, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
viii Conference Committees

Ms. K. Mamatha, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE

Mr. P. Narasiah, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE

Website Committee

Mr. S. Vinay Kumar, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE

Mr. M. S. V. Sashi Kumar, Assistant Professor, CSE, VCE
Preface

This volume contains the selected papers presented at the 4th International Confer-
ence on Smart Computing and Informatics (SCI-2020) organized by the Depart-
ment of Computer Science and Engineering, Vasavi College of Engineering
(Autonomous), Ibrahimbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, during October 9–10, 2020.
It provided a great platform for researchers from across the world to report, delib-
erate, and review the latest progress in the cutting-edge research pertaining to smart
computing and its applications to various engineering fields. The response to SCI
2020 was overwhelming with a good number of submissions from different areas
relating to artificial intelligence, machine learning, cognitive computing, computa-
tional intelligence, and its applications in main tracks. After a rigorous peer review
with the help of Technical Program Committee members and external reviewers,
only quality papers were accepted for presentation and subsequent publication in
this volume of SIST series of Springer.
Several special sessions were floated by eminent professors in cutting-edge
technologies such as blockchain, AI, ML, data engineering, computational intel-
ligence, big data analytics and business analytics, and intelligent systems. Eminent
researchers and academicians delivered talks addressing the participants in their
respective field of proficiency. Our thanks are due to Prof. Roman Senkerik, Head
of AI Lab, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic; Shri. Shankarnarayan
Bhat, Director Engineering, Intel Technologies India Pvt. Ltd.; Ms. Krupa Rajen-
dran, Associate VP, HCL Technologies; and Mr. Aninda Bose, Springer India, for
delivering keynote addresses for the benefit of the participants. We would like to
express our appreciation to the members of the Technical Program Committee for
their support and cooperation in this publication. We are also thankful to team from
Springer for providing a meticulous service for the timely production of this volume.
Our heartfelt thanks to Shri. M. Krishna Murthy, Secretary, VAE; Sri. P. Balaji,
CEO, VCE; and Dr. S. V. Ramana, Principal, VCE, for extending support to conduct
this conference in Vasavi College of Engineering. Profound thanks to Prof. Lakhmi
C. Jain, Australia, for his continuous guidance and support from the beginning of
the conference. Without his support, we could never have executed such a mega-
event. We are grateful to all the eminent guests, special chairs, track managers, and

ix
x Preface

reviewers for their excellent support. Special vote of thanks to numerous authors
across the country as well as abroad for their valued submissions and to all the
delegates for their fruitful discussions that made this conference a great success.

Bhubaneswar, India Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Lucknow, India Vikrant Bhateja
Krasnoyarsk, Russia Margarita N. Favorskaya
Hyderabad, India T. Adilakshmi
List of Special Sessions Collocated with SCI-2020

SS_01: Next Generation Data Engineering and Communication Technology

Dr. Suresh Limkar, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune

SS_02: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications (AIML)

Dr. V. Sowmya, CEN, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore
Dr. M. Anand Kumar, NIT Karnataka
Dr. M. Venkatesan, NIT Karnataka
Prof. K. P. Soman, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore

SS_03: Advances in Computational Intelligence and Its Applications

Dr. C. Kishor Kumar Reddy, Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for
Women, Hyderabad
P. R Anisha, Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, Hyderabad

SS_04: Blockchain Technology: Foundations, Challenges and Applications

Prof. Sandeep Kumar Panda, Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI Foundation
for Higher Education, Hyderabad
Prof. Santosh Kumar Swain, School of Computer Engineering, KIIT (Deemed to be)
University, Bhubaneswar

SS_05: Application of Machine Learning for Intelligent System Design

Dr. Minakhi Rout, KIIT (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar

SS_06: Advances in Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence

Dr. Vijay B. Gadicha, G. H. Raisoni Academy of Engineering and Technology
Nagpur
Dr. Ajay B. Gadicha, P. R. Pote College of Engineering and Management, Amravati

xi
xii List of Special Sessions Collocated with SCI-2020

SS_07: Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence—Applications, Challenges

and Future Trends
Dr. S. Velliangiri, CMR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
Dr. P. Karthikeyan, Presidency University, Bengaluru
Dr. Iwin Thanakumar Joseph, KITS, Coimbatore
Contents

1 Pad Vending Machine with Cashless Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Anjali Prajapati and Anandu M. Dharan
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Results and Comparative Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 Future Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Design of Wrung Order Layout Using Advanced Optimization
Techniques with Integrated Variable Batch Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . 9
K. Mallikarjuna and Y. Hariprasad Reddy
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Problematic Depiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 Multi-goal Mathematical Representations . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Proposed Advanced Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.1 Sheep Run Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.2 Tabu Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.1 Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Adaptive Beamforming Using Radial Basis Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Gowtham Narayan, Sharath Kumar, Abhinav Bharadwaj,
Srikar Vangala, and R. Lavanya
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 RBFNN Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

xiii
xiv Contents

3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 A Cloud-Based Centralized Smart Electricity Billing
and Payment Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
P. Pramod Kumar, Nethaji Achha, G. Ranadheer Reddy, and V. Pranathi
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.1 Automatic or Calculation Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.2 Payment Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3.3 Rural Areas Billing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4 Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4.1 Comparison of Smart Meter with Traditional
Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.4.2 Research Limitations and Practical Implications . . . . . . 31
4.4.3 Originality and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5 Conclusion and Future Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5 Real-Time Driver Distraction Detection Using OpenCV
and Machine Learning Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
V. N. V. L. S. Swathi, D. Akhilesh, G. Senthil Kumar,
and A. Vani Vathsala
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2.1 Real-Time System [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2.2 Driver Distraction Detection System [2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2.3 OpenCV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.3 Related Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.1 Distraction Prevention Before Distraction Occurs . . . . 38
5.4.2 Distraction Mitigation After Distraction Occurs . . . . . . 43
5.4.3 Collision System Adjustment When a Potential
Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.5 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.6 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.7 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6 Data-Driven Prediction Model for Crime Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Y. Gayathri, Y. Sri Lalitha, M. V. Aditya Nag,
and Sk. Althaf Hussain Basha
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.2 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Contents xv

6.3 Our Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.4 Experimental Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.4.1 Result Analysis by Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.4.2 Construction of Prediction Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.5 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
7 Automatic Reminder List Generation to Assist People
with Alzheimer’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Shireesha Gundeti and Bhageshwari Ratkal
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
7.2 Existing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7.3 Proposed System—Automatic Generation of Reminder
List (AGRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.3.1 User Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.3.2 AGRL Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.3.3 The User Gets Notified of All the Events
Recorded as Audio or Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.4 AGRL Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.4.1 Text—Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.4.2 Record—Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7.4.3 Text and Record—Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7.5 Discussions on Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8 Recognizing the Faces from Surveillance Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
T. Shreekumar, K. Karunakara, H. Manjunath, B. Ravinarayana,
and D. R. Annappa Swami
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
8.2 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
8.3 Face Recognition with LLR and ANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
8.4 Face Recognition with PSO and SVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.5 Experiment and Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
9 Application of Bat Optimization Algorithm for Power System
Loss Reduction Using DSSSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
M. Thirumalai and T. Yuvaraj
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.2 Formulation of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
9.2.1 Analysis of Load Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
9.2.2 Power Loss Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
xvi Contents

9.3 Proposed Bat Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

9.3.1 Overview of Bat Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
9.3.2 Population Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
9.3.3 Motion of Virtual Bats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.3.4 Emission of Pulse and Loudness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.4 Discussion on Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9.4.1 Test System for IEEE 69-Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10 Malaria Cell Detection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Prasannajeet Bajpai and Sanchita Chourawar
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
10.3 Architecture and Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
10.4 Result Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
10.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
11 Design and Analysis of Fractal Monopole Antennas
for Multiband Wireless Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Siddhi Oja and P. M. Menghal
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2 Fractal Monopole Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
11.3 Antena Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
11.4 Simulation Results and Comparative Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
11.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Appendix ‘A’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
12 Fake News Detection Using Text Analytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Uma Maheshwar Amanchi, Nithesh Badam, and Rama Lakshmi Elaganti
12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
12.2 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
12.2.1 Module 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
12.2.2 Module 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
12.3 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
12.3.1 FND (Fake News Detection System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
12.3.2 Data Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
12.3.3 TF-IDF Vectorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
12.3.4 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
12.3.5 Topic Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
12.3.6 Evaluation Credibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
12.3.7 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Contents xvii

12.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

12.4.1 Cluster Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
12.4.2 Accuracy of FND System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
12.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
13 An Extreme Learning Machine-Based Model
for Cryptocurrencies Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Sarat Chandra Nayak, B. Satyanarayana, Bimal Prasad Kar,
and J. Karthik
13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
13.2 Methods and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
13.2.1 ELM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
13.2.2 Proposed ELM-Based Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
13.2.3 Cryptocurrency Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
13.3 Experimental Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
13.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
14 An Ensemble Approach for Intrusion Detection
in Collaborative Attack Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Shraddha R. Khonde, G. Kulanthaivel, and V. Ulagamuthalvi
14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
14.2 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
14.3 Methodology of Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
14.3.1 Signature Creation for Collaborative Attack
Over UNSW NB15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
14.3.2 Feature Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
14.3.3 Proposed System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
14.4 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
14.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
15 A Decision Based Asymmetrically Trimmed Modified
Geometric Mean Algorithm for the Removal of High Density
Salt and Pepper Noise in Images and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
K. Vasanth, C. N. Ravi, S. Nagaraj, M. Vadivel, K. Gopi,
S. Pradeep Kumar Reddy, and Thulasi Prasad
15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
15.2 Decision-Based Neighborhood Referred Unsymmetrical
Trimmed Modified Geometric Mean (DBNRUTMGMA) . . . . . 148
15.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
15.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
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