REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
SANA’A UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Experiment NO.6
Load characteristics of D. C Series Motor
Prepared by:
Najm Al-Moallem
AC.NO. (202474307)
(Group NO.1)
Supervised by:
Eng. Mujeeb Al-Hazmi
Sana'a 2023
1. Object:
To connect the D.C. series motor to D.C. supply and put it into operation.
To record and plot the load characteristics of the motor and to mark the nominal torque on
the load characteristics and deduce the nominal values.
2. Connection Diagram:
DC supply
220 V
(constant)
Figure 1 D. C series Motor Circuit
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3. Results:
Rfm (Ω) = 2112
Vi (V) = 220
T (N.m) n (rpm) Ia (A) Pin (W) Po (W) η (%) ω (rad/sec)
0.46 1544.0 1.0 220.0 74.38 33.81 161.7
0.4 1692.0 0.89 195.8 70.87 36.2 177.2
0.329 2035.0 0.7 154.0 70.11 45.53 213.1
0.2 2425.0 0.452 99.44 50.79 51.08 253.9
0.1 3135.0 0.35 77.0 32.83 42.64 328.3
0.05 3800.0 0.24 52.8 19.9 37.68 397.9
0.03 4435.0 0.23 50.6 13.93 27.54 464.4
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4. Curves:
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5. Discussion:
1) Using the load characteristics, describe the motor, speed and torque behavior, the
current consumption curve, the efficiency curve of the DC series motor.
From the load characteristics curve, it is evident that the speed of the DC series motor is very
high at no load. As the load torque increases, the speed gradually decreases, demonstrating
an inverse relationship between torque and speed.
From the speed-current and torque-current curves, we can observe that an increase in
torque leads to a higher armature current while the motor speed decreases correspondingly.
This occurs because the motor draws more current to generate the additional torque
required to drive the load.
Finally, from the efficiency curve, we conclude that the efficiency of the motor rises as the
load torque increases up to a certain optimal point, after which the efficiency declines. This
decrease is due to the significant reduction in speed, which outweighs the benefit gained
from the increased torque.
2) Why does the speed of the DC series motor decrease severely with increasing load?
The speed of a DC series motor decreases significantly with an increase in load because, in a
series motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding. This means
that as the load increases, the armature current also increases.
Since the field flux in a DC series motor is directly proportional to the armature current , an
increase in current results in a stronger magnetic field. According to the speed equation:
N propto \fra{V - I_a(R_a + R_f)}{\Phi}
As the current increases, the denominator increases significantly.
At the same time, the voltage drop across the windings increases, reducing the effective
voltage available to generate back EMF.
Both of these factors cause the motor speed to drop rapidly as the load increases.
Therefore, the DC series motor exhibits very high speed at light loads and low speed at heavy
loads, which explains why it is unsuitable for no-load operation.
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3) How can the nominal data of the motor be determined from the load characteristics?
From the load characteristics curve of the DC series motor, the nominal operating point can
be determined by analyzing the relationship between torque, speed, current, output power,
and efficiency. Based on the measured and calculated values, the motor shows the following
behavior:
From the data table, the highest efficiency occurs at approximately:
Torque () ≈ 0. N·m
Speed () ≈ rpm
Armature current () ≈ 0. A
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