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Genders and Sexualities in Histor y

New Approaches in History and


Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire
EDITED BY MARK D. CHAPMAN
AND DOMINIC JANES
Genders and Sexualities in History

Series Editors
John Arnold
King’s College
University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK

Sean Brady
Birkbeck College
University of London
London, UK

Joanna Bourke
Birkbeck College
University of London
London, UK
Palgrave Macmillan’s series, Genders and Sexualities in History, accom-
modates and fosters new approaches to historical research in the fields
of genders and sexualities. The series promotes world-class scholarship,
which concentrates upon the interconnected themes of genders, sexuali-
ties, religions/religiosity, civil society, politics and war.
Historical studies of gender and sexuality have, until recently, been
more or less disconnected fields. In recent years, historical analyses of
genders and sexualities have synthesised, creating new departures in his-
toriography. The additional connectedness of genders and sexualities
with questions of religion, religiosity, development of civil societies, poli-
tics and the contexts of war and conflict is reflective of the movements in
scholarship away from narrow history of science and scientific thought,
and history of legal processes approaches, that have dominated these
paradigms until recently. The series brings together scholarship from
Contemporary, Modern, Early Modern, Medieval, Classical and Non-
Western History. The series provides a diachronic forum for scholarship
that incorporates new approaches to genders and sexualities in history.

More information about this series at


http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15000
Mark D. Chapman · Dominic Janes
Editors

New Approaches in
History and Theology
to Same-Sex Love
and Desire
Editors
Mark D. Chapman Dominic Janes
Ripon College Keele University
University of Oxford Keele, UK
Cuddesdon, UK

Genders and Sexualities in History


ISBN 978-3-319-70210-0 ISBN 978-3-319-70211-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70211-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959080

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018


This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and
information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied,
with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have
been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published
maps and institutional affiliations.

Cover illustration: Simeon Solomon, The Bride Bridegroom and Sad Love (1865). © Paul
Fearn/Alamy Stock Photo

Printed on acid-free paper

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature


The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Series Editors’ Preface

New Approaches in History and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire is


a genuinely groundbreaking collection, where international and inter-
disciplinary new scholarship explores the relationship between religion
and same-sex desire. The collection re-evaluates the history of same-sex
relationships in the churches, as they have been understood in different
periods of history and in various contexts. Recent marriage equality legis-
lation in many countries has meant that churches of all types have found
themselves forced to address questions on same-sex marriage and queer
lives, for which they are often ill-prepared. The collection reveals the
hidden queer histories of the Church and its theologies, and the many
counter-currents through history that question the dominant, negative
understanding of same-sex relationships in the contemporary churches.
The authors tell unexpected stories. Some in the churches have been at
the vanguard of legislative and social change affecting queer lives. Some
churches have offered safe queer spaces. The essays offer new interpreta-
tions and original research into the history of sexuality that inform the
contemporary debate in the churches as well as in the academy. The col-
lection provides new perspectives and approaches that enrich the histori-
ography of sexuality and of religion. In common with all volumes in the
‘Genders and Sexualities in History’ series, New Approaches in History

v
vi    Series Editors’ Preface

and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire presents a multifaceted and


meticulously researched scholarly collection, and is a sophisticated contri-
bution to our understanding of the past.

John Arnold
Joanna Bourke
Sean Brady
Contents

1 Introduction: Same-Sex Love and Desire—A Time


for New Approaches 1
Mark D. Chapman and Dominic Janes

2 Theological Amnesia and Same-Sex Love 11


Adrian Thatcher

3 Sexuality as a Guide to Ethics: God and the Variable


Body in English Literature 29
Chris Mounsey

4 The Tradition of Homophobia: Responses


to Same-Sex Relationships in Serbian Orthodoxy
from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day 55
Nik Jovčić-Sas

5 Sexual Ethics in the Shadow of Modernism: George


Tyrrell, André Raffalovich and the Project
that Never Was 79
Philip Healy

vii
viii    Contents

6 ‘Pope Norman’, Griffin’s Report and Roman Catholic


Reactions to Homosexual Law Reform in England
and Wales, 1954–1971 93
Alana Harris

7 Some Found a Niche: Same-Sex Attracted People


in Australian Anglicanism 117
David Hilliard

8 ‘The Ecclesiastical Wing of the Lavender Revolution’:


Religion and Sexual Identity Organising in the USA,
1946–1976 139
Heather R. White

9 Christ and the Homosexual: An Early Manifesto


for an Affirming Christian Ministry to Homosexuals 161
Bernard Schlager

10 ‘Homosexual Practice’ and the Anglican Communion


from the 1990s: A Case Study in Theology
and Identity 187
Mark D. Chapman

11 How Queer Can Christian Marriage Be?


Eschatological Imagination and the Blessing
of Same-Sex Unions in the American Episcopal Church 209
Rémy Bethmont

12 Setting the Table Anew: Queering the Lord’s Supper


in Contemporary Art 227
Mariecke van den Berg

13 The Queerness of Saints: Inflecting Devotion


and Same-Sex Desire 249
Donald L. Boisvert

Index 265
Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Mark D. Chapman is Vice-Principal of Ripon College, Cuddesdon,


Professor of the History of Modern Theology at the University of
Oxford and Canon Theologian of Truro Cathedral. He is an Anglican
priest and member of General Synod of the Church of England. He has
written widely on the history and theology of Anglicanism. Among his
many books are Anglican Theology (2012) and Anglicanism: A Very Short
Introduction (2006).
Dominic Janes is Professor of Modern History and Director of the
History Programme at Keele University. He is a cultural historian who
studies texts and visual images relating to Britain in its local and inter-
national contexts since the eighteenth century. Within this sphere
he focuses on the histories of gender, sexuality and religion. His most
recent books are Picturing the Closet (2015), Visions of Queer Martyrdom
(2015) and Oscar Wilde Prefigured (2016). He has been the recipient
of a number of research awards including fellowships from the Arts and
Humanities Research Council and the British Academy.

ix
x    Editors and Contributors

Contributors

Rémy Bethmont is Professor of British History and Culture at the


University of Paris 8 and head of the TransCrit research group. His work on
the history and theology of Anglicanism has focused on homosexuality in
recent years. He is the author of L’Anglicanisme: un modèle pour le christian-
isme à venir (2010) and the co-editor with Martine Gross of Homosexualité
et traditions monothéistes: vers la fin d’un antagonisme? (2017).
Donald L. Boisvert (Ph.D., University of Ottawa) is a retired Affiliate
Associate Professor in the Department of Religions and Cultures at
Concordia University in Montréal, Canada, where he also taught in the
sexuality studies programme. In addition to numerous articles and book
chapters, he is the author of Out on Holy Ground: Meditations on Gay
Men’s Spirituality (2000) and Sanctity and Male Desire: A Gay Reading
of Saints (2004). He co-edited the two-volume collection Queer Religion
(2012, with Jay Emerson Johnson) and The Bloomsbury Reader in
Religion, Sexuality and Gender (2017, with Carly Daniel-Hughes). He is
also a priest in the Anglican Church of Canada.
Alana Harris is a Lecturer in Modern British History at King’s College
London. Her research interests encompass the transnational study of
Catholicism, gender history, sexuality and the history of emotions, iden-
tity and subjectivities—including the practice of oral history and mate-
rial culture. Recent publications include: Love and Romance in Britain
1918–1970 (2014), co-edited with Timothy Willem Jones; Faith in the
Family: A Lived Religious History of English Catholicism (2013); and an
edited volume exploring shifting religious attitudes to birth control in
the 1960s, The Schism of ’68: Catholicism, Contraception and ‘Humanae
Vitae’ in Europe, 1945–75 (Palgrave, 2018).
Philip Healy is Emeritus Fellow, Kellogg College, Oxford University.
From 2000–2010 he was Director of Public Programmes at Oxford
University’s Department for Continuing Education. His research inter-
ests are in late-Victorian and Edwardian literature and religion and
sexuality. Among his publications are editions of John Gray’s Park: A
Fantastic Story (1984) and Frederick Rolfe’s The Desire and Pursuit of
the Whole (1986). With Nancy Erber, William A. Peniston, and Frederick
S. Roden he prepared a translated edition of Marc-André Raffalovich’s
Editors and Contributors    xi

Uranism and Unisexuality: A Study of Different Manifestations of the


Sexual Instinct (Palgrave, 2016).
David Hilliard was Associate Professor in History at Flinders
University, Adelaide, and since 2002 has been an adjunct associate pro-
fessor. His research and publications have focused on the history of
Christian missions in the Pacific Islands, the social and religious history
of Australia and the history of Anglicanism.
Nik Jovčić-Sas has a BA in Theology from King’s College London and
is a human rights activist working in the United Kingdom and Eastern
Europe. His work focuses on interactions between Eastern Orthodox
Christianity and the LGBTQ+ rights movement.
Chris Mounsey worked for several years in theatre before an accident
and four months’ immobility, in which reading was the only possible
occupation, led to an academic career. Degrees in philosophy, compara-
tive literature and English from the University of Warwick followed, and
a doctorate on Blake founded an interest in the literature of the eight-
eenth century. He is Professor of Eighteenth-Century English Literature
at the University of Winchester. He is the author of several books includ-
ing Christopher Smart: Clown of God (2001), Being the Body of Christ
(2012) and The Birth of a Clinic (forthcoming).
Bernard Schlager, Ph.D. is Executive Director at The Center for
LGBTQ and Gender Studies in Religion (CLGS) at Pacific School
of Religion (PSR) and Associate Professor of Historical and Cultural
Studies at PSR and member of the Core Doctoral Faculty at The
Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. The co-author of
Ministry Among God’s Queer Folk: LGBTQ Pastoral Care (2007; revised
edition expected in 2018), he has published articles in the areas of his-
tory and queer studies in the journals Theology and Sexuality, Viator, and
the Greek Orthodox Theological Review as well as in several print collec-
tions of essays. He is currently working on a book-length study of the
cult of Saint Sebastian from the Black Death to the AIDS pandemic.
Adrian Thatcher (MA, D.Phil.) is currently Honorary Professor in
the Department of Theology and Religion at the University of Exeter,
UK. Prior to that he was Professor of Applied Theology at Exeter
(2004–2011), and at the University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth
xii    Editors and Contributors

(1995–2004). His most recent books are Redeeming Gender (2016),


The Oxford Handbook of Theology, Sexuality and Gender (editor, 2015),
Thinking about Sex (2015), God, Sex and Gender (2011), and The Savage
Text—The Uses and Abuses of the Bible (2008). He is an active Anglican.
Mariecke van den Berg studied Theology (BA) and Gender Studies
(RMA) at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She holds a Ph.D. in
Public Administration from the University of Twente. As a post-doctoral
researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, she participated in the
NWO-funded research programme ‘Contested privates: the oppositional
pairing of religion and homosexuality in public discourse’. She is cur-
rently working at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies
at Utrecht University as a post-doctoral researcher in the NWO-funded
research programme ‘Beyond religion versus emancipation: gender and
sexuality in women’s conversion to Judaism, Christianity and Islam in
contemporary Western Europe’.
Heather R. White is Visiting Assistant Professor in Religion and Queer
Studies at the University of Puget Sound, in Tacoma, Washington. She is
a specialist in American Religious History with a research focus on sexu-
ality, gender and twentieth-century social movements. She is the author
of Reforming Sodom: Protestants and the Rise of Gay Rights (2015) and
is co-editor, with Gillian Frank and Bethany Morton, of Devotion and
Desires: Histories of Religion and Sexuality in the Twentieth Century
United States (forthcoming). She serves on the advisory board of the
LGBT Religious Archive Network and is a steering committee member
of the Queer Studies in Religion group of the American Academy of
Religion.
List of Figures

Fig. 12.1 Elisabeth Ohlson, Palm Sunday, 1998 232


Fig. 12.2 Elisabeth Ohlson, Calvary, 1998 238
Fig. 12.3 Elisabeth Ohlson, The Last Supper, 1998 240

xiii
CHAPTER 1

Introduction: Same-Sex Love and Desire—A


Time for New Approaches

Mark D. Chapman and Dominic Janes

The relationships between diverse forms of religious and sexual identities


have been widely contested in the media since the rise of the lesbian and
gay liberation movement in the 1970s. One of the key images that often
appears in public debate is that of ‘lesbians and gays in the church’ as
a significant ‘problem’. On the one hand, many members of faith com-
munities have remained hostile to physical expressions of same-sex
desire, whilst on the other hand many lesbian and gay activists have
been suspicious of various forms of religion. The compromise that has
been reached over church exemptions from the obligation to perform
same-sex marriage ceremonies in England indicates that many people do
continue to find interactions of religion and homosexuality to be prob-
lematic. At the same time, research over the past forty years or so into
queer theology and the history of same-sex desire has shown that such
issues have played an important role in the story of Christianity over

M. D. Chapman (*)
University of Oxford Ripon College, Cuddesdon, UK
e-mail: [email protected]
D. Janes
Keele University, Keele, UK
e-mail: [email protected]

© The Author(s) 2018 1


M. D. Chapman and D. Janes (eds.), New Approaches in History
and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire, Genders and Sexualities
in History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70211-7_1
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