Parvex
Parvex
Established in 1993
The leading independent repairer of servo motors and drives in North America.
2- SPINDLE DRIVES
3- DC SERVODRIVES
5- POSITIONING SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
PRODUCT RANGE 2
1. GENERAL 7
1.1 Digital Servodrive 7
1.2 General Characteristics 7
1.2.1 Modules with 230 V single-phase power supply 7
1.2.2 Modules with 230 V three-phase power supply 8
1.2.3 Modules with 400 V three-phase power supply 8
1.3 Operating Principle 9
1.3.1 Block diagram 9
1.3.2 Power supply functions 11
1.3.3 Servomotor control functions 11
1.3.3.1 Presentation 11
1.3.3.2 Functions and block diagram 11
1.3.3.3 Forcing logic inputs 14
1.3.3.4 Stimuli / oscilloscope functions 14
1.3.3.5 logic outputs 14
1.3.3.6 Brake action 15
1.3.3.7 Monitoring reasons for stoppage 15
1.3.3.8 General characteristics of the DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE 16
1.4 Compliance with Standards 17
2. ENERGY DISSIPATION 18
2.1 Braking Energy Dissipation 18
2.1.1 Calculating the power to be dissipated in the braking resistor 18
2.1.2 Braking energy dissipation 18
2.1.3 Braking capacity and module losses. 19
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4. ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 30
4.1 General Wiring Requirements 30
4.1.1 Appliance handling 30
4.1.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 30
4.1.3 DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE Sub-D connectors 31
4.2 Standard Connection Diagram 31
4.2.1 Surge Suppressor 38
4.3 Front Panel, Description of Terminal Blocks and Sub-D Connector 39
4.3.1 Terminal blocks B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 44
4.3.2 Sub-D connectors X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 46
4.3.2.1 Sub-D connector table 46
4.3.2.2 Sub-D connector X1:"Resolver" 46
4.3.2.3 Sub-D connector X2: Inputs / Outputs 48
4.3.2.4 Sub-D connector X3: RS232 51
4.4 Connection Details 52
4.4.1 Mains supply characteristics 52
4.4.2 Power component dimensions 52
4.4.3 Auxiliary power supply 54
4.4.4 External braking resistor connection 54
4.4.5 Terminal block B1: brake supply 55
4.4.6 Earth connection (front panel Faston tab) 55
4.5 Connecting Servomotors 55
4.5.1 Power cable definition 55
4.5.2 Guidelines for the use of long cables 57
4.5.3 Motor end connection 62
4.5.4 Resolver connection 65
4.5.5 Automatic control Input / Output connection 66
4.6 Accessories and Tools 66
4.6.1 Input mains filter: 66
4.6.2 Inductors for long cables 66
4.6.3 External braking resistor 66
4.6.4 Cables 66
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8. OPTIONS 105
8.1 Possible associations 105
8.2 Encoder Emulation (SC6631 board) 105
8.2.1 Programming resolution and zero mark position 105
8.2.2 Electrical characteristics 105
8.2.3 Sub-D connector X4: encoder emulation option 108
8.2.4 Encoder emulation cable 108
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SAFETY
- Electrical hazard
General recommendations :
• Check the bonding circuit;
• Lock the electrical cabinets;
• Use standardised equipment.
- Mechanical hazard
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Upon delivery
All servoamplifiers are thoroughly inspected during manufacture and tested at length before
shipment.
If equipment has been damaged during transport, the addressee must file a complaint with the
carrier by recorded delivery mail within 24 hours.
Caution :
Storage
Until installed, the servoamplifier must be stored in a dry place safe from sudden temperature
changes so condensation cannot form.
CAUTION
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1. GENERAL
1.1 Digital Servodrive
All of the drives comprise:
Brushless servomotors with permanent magnets, sine-wave e.m.f. and resolver-based
position measurement (HX, HS, HD and LX, LS, LD range servomotors)
A box-type electronic control system including:
A power supply function for (depending on the model):
- 230 V single-phase mains supply,
- 230 V three-phase mains supply,
- 400 V three-phase mains supply.
A control function corresponding to the servomotor (power and resolver) for spindle
drive motor control.
This module also controls energy discharge via internal or external resistors (for some
models).
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U1 U2
MOTOR 3 PH.
CHOKE
V1 V2
ONLY
FOR
400V
MOTOR
W1 POWER W2
POWER
BUS VOLTAGE
MAINS
MONITORING PROTECTIONS
MANAGEMENT
AUXILIARIES POWER OK
CHOPPED INIT
SUPPLY AXE
C=0
OK
RESOLVER
+/- 15V SUB-D
DRIVE REGULATION
5V
RESET
THERMAL
PROTECTION SUB-D I/O
AND
SET POINT
24V
FANS
OK
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The DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE servo-amplifier is a 4-quadrant, transistor control module for
controlling (brushless) synchronous motors with resolvers.
HX, HD, HS — LX, LS, LD spindle drive motors. See separate documentation.
The customized features of the motor-drive assembly and the servo-control parameters are
entered :
either by using a PC with the DIGIVEX software (PME software DIGIVEX module),
under Windows.
or by using the display and parameter setting hand held terminal.
See next page. The diagram shows the main drive functions and the setting parameters.
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The choice of the motor - drive combination determines a number of parameters: current
limitation, I2 = f(t) protection, standard servo-control parameters.
Resolver numerical processing (non parametric) and the optional encoder emulation
function (number of points adjustable from 1 to 16384).
Dry friction: a friction force value is fixed. The corresponding torque set point is applied,
its sign being that of the speed set point.
Viscous friction: compensation for friction forces that are proportional to speed
(hydraulic or electrical system drive).
Acceleration: changes in the speed set point (drift) are monitored and direct action is
taken on the torque set point via a coefficient K, the inertia image.
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The software or console can be used to force a logic input to a particular value. Thus the
software can be used with inputs N0+, N0-, C=0,
to "disconnect" them from the physical input.
to force them by software to 0 or 1.
Certain functions integrated in the drive allow the speed set point to be excited: dc voltage,
square (response at one scale), sine.
These stimuli can be activated by a PC or by the console. Their result is stored in the drive and
can be displayed on the PC screen with the oscilloscope function (2 variables at most can be
displayed simultaneously using the PME Digivex software).
1) Speed detection
The two outputs assigned OUT1 and OUT2 can detect four speed zones, depending on their
logic status.
OUT1 OUT2 SPEED
1 1 Speed ≤ 48 rpm
0 1 Speed ≤ N1
1 0 Speed ≤ N2
0 0 Speed > N2
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24 V present: Axis under torque. Removal of limitation of 90% of rated motor current.
24 V absent: Axis at reduced torque with 90% of rated motor current.
The brake engage or release order is in no event given by the drive but by the external control.
The control can monitor the drive outputs indicating zero speed to decide whether or not to apply
the brake.
This monitoring may, through strategic choice, entail either stoppage or reduced performance for
certain faults related to current.
Variables monitored :
Mean drive current.
Output current (short-circuit).
Dissipater temperature.
motor temperature.
Ambient temperature.
Overspeed.
No resolver.
Maximum and minimum dc bus voltages.
Mains phase failure.
Mains supply overvoltage.
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Power reduction with altitude Above 1000 m, service power falls by 1% for every 100 m up
to a maximum altitude of 4000 m
Speed static precision for load With digital set point (field bus): 0.1%
variation from 0 to In and for
With analog set point: 1% whatever the speed
rated voltage of DIGIVEX
SINGLE DRIVE
Motor temperature
Drive temperature
Other monitoring Resolver power supply
Brake supply
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The CE marking of the product is featured on the front panel (silk-screen printing).
DIGIVEX Single Drive products have the CE marking under European Directive 89/336/EEC as
amended by Directive 93/68/EEC on electromagnetic compatibility. This European Directive
invokes the harmonized generic standards EN50081-2 of December 1993 (Electromagnetic
compatibility - Emission generic standard - Industrial environment) and EN50082-2 of June 1995
(Electromagnetic compatibility - Immunity generic standard - Industrial environment). These two
harmonized generic standards are based on the following reference standards:
EN 55011 of July 1991: Radiated and line conducted emissions.
ENV 50140 of August 1993 and ENV 50204: Immunity to radiated electromagnetic
fields.
EN 61000-4-8 of February 1994: Power frequency magnetic fields.
EN 61000-4-2 of June 1995: Electrostatic discharge.
ENV 50141 of August 1993: Disturbances induced in cables.
EN 61000-4-4 of June 1995: Rapid transients.
Compliance with the reference standards above implies observance of the wiring instructions and
diagrams provided in this documentation.
Incorporation in a machine
The design of this equipment allows it to be used in a machine subject to Directive 89/392/EEC
(Machinery Directive), provided that its integration (or incorporation and/or assembly) is done in
accordance with the rules of the art by the machine manufacturer and in accordance with the
instructions of this booklet.
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2. ENERGY DISSIPATION
The energy a module has to dissipate is broken down into:
Energy generated by braking.
Energy from rectifier and power bridge losses.
The permanent and pulse powers given in the preceding table are limited by the characteristics of
the "braking" resistors.
When the application includes intensive cycles or long-duration decelerations, the mean power to
be dissipated by each axis must be calculated.
2
J⎛ N ⎞
P in Watts = ⎜ ⎟ .f
2 ⎝ 9.55 ⎠
J : Moment of inertia of the servomotor and the related load in kgm².
N : Angular speed of motor shaft at start of braking, in rpm.
-1
f : repeat frequency of braking cycles in s .
This formula is for the least favourable case. For a mechanism with substantial friction or with low
reverse output, the power to be dissipated may be greatly reduced.
.
The total power to be dissipated of all the drives must not exceed the permanent power admissible
through the resistor. Durations and repetition must not exceed the values in table §2.1.3.
Braking energy is dissipated through a resistor mounted in the module. The resistor may be
mounted externally for DSD 60/100-230 V three-phase and DSD 32/64 - 400 V three-phase
models.
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This recuperation is controlled from two thresholds measured on the bus voltage.
Threshold Values
MODULE RATING
Resistor value Ω 56 56 56 22 11 7
Maximum current A 7 7 7 17 34 50
Pulse power kW 2.2 2.2 2.2 6.0 12 18
Permanent power W 60 60 60 250 500 700
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MODULE RATING
Definitions
Maximum current: maximum current controlled, the resistor switches in at 710 V or 375 V for
certain modules, the controlled current is equal at most to 710 or 375 / resistor value.
Pulse power: maximum power dissipated by the resistor, this power can only be drawn for a
short time and in compliance with a certain cycle.
Permanent power: mean power that can be dissipated on a permanent basis by the resistor.
Non repetitive maximum duration: maximum duration, in seconds, for which the pulse power
can be required (starting from cold); the resistor must be allowed to cool down before braking
again.
Repeat cycle maximum duration: maximum duration, in seconds, for which the pulse power
can be required provided that this power is only present for a certain percentage of the total time
(repetition).
Module losses: losses specific to the module, the value shown in the table is that obtained when
the module is used at maximum power.
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Specific case of 60/100 - 230 V three-phase and 32/64 -400 V three-phase modules.
These two modules can use an external resistor to dissipate braking energy. If this possibility is
used, the characteristics obtained are those shown in the table below: with RE91001 resistor for
the 32/64 module and RE91002 resistor for the 60/100 module
MODULE RATING
32/64 60/100
Two resistors
Resistor value Ω 27 6
Maximum current A 26 62
Pulse power kW 18 23
Permanent power W 2000 2800
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The customised parameters of the variable speed drive are memorised in the unpluggable
EEPROM store. The parameters can be read by :
Digivex PC software
Hand help terminal (see following sections)
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Codification
CODE FUNCTION
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4. ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
4.1 General Wiring Requirements
4.1.1 Appliance handling
See the safety instructions given at the beginning of this manual. In particular, wait for all the front
panel LEDs to go off completely before doing any work on the servo-amplifier or servomotor.
CONNECTIONS
Do not run low-level cables (resolver, inputs/outputs, NC or PC links) alongside what
are termed power cables (power supply or motor). Do not run the power supply cable
and the motor cables alongside one another otherwise mains filter attenuation will be
lost. These cables should be spaced at least 10 cm apart and should never cross, or
only at right-angles.
Except for the resolver signals, all low-level signals will be shielded with the shielding
connected at both ends. At the DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE end, the shielding is made
continuous by the Sub-D connector mechanism.
The motor cables are limited to the minimum functional length. The yellow and green
motor cable lead must be connected to the box or front panel terminal block with the
shortest possible link.
This usually means shielded motor cable is not required. Chokes may also be inserted
into the motor phase leads.
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MAINS FILTERING
The equipment complies with standard EN55011 with a filter on the power input with minimum
60 dB attenuation in the 150 kHz - 30 MHz range.
The mains filter must be mounted as close as possible to the potential reference plate between
the mains and the DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE power supply. Use shielded cable (or run the cable
in metal trunking).
Avoid running cables together, ahead of and after the filter.
Filters sometimes have high leakage currents. In this case, comply with the standard connection
diagrams when fitting them.
OTHER MEASURES
GROUND CONNECTION
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The power contactor coil KM1 should necessary have a surge suppressor AP connected in order
not to destroy prematurely the internal relay contact of the drive. This module should be use
whether the power contactor supply is AC or DC.
The relay manufacturers (Telemecanique: LC1 series, ABB: B series,…) provide surge
suppressors fitted relays wether the power contactor supply is AC or DC for various voltages (RC
module, Diode+Zener Diode, Varistor,…).
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The motor earth is to be connected to the Faston lug located below the rack. The Sub-D
connectors used must be metal-plated (or metallic) and ensure the shielding is continuous right
to the metal earth of the rack.
See the following pages for diagrams - 230 V single-phase DSD 2/4A, 4/8A, 7.5/15A
- 230 V three-phase DSD 4/8A, 7.5/15A
- 230 V three-phase DSD 15/30A
- 230 V three-phase DSD 30/60A
- 230 V three-phase DSD 60/100A
- 400 V three-phase DSD 2/4A, 4/8A,
- 400 V three-phase DSD 8/16A
- 400 V three-phase DSD 16/32A
- 400 V three-phase DSD 32/64A
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B1/1 +24V BRAKE 24V input for Unpluggable Min 0,2 mm²
B1/2 0V SUPPLY brake supply screw-type Max 2,5 mm²
flexible and rigid
lead
B2/1 U2
B2/2 V2 MOTOR Motor connection screw-type
B2/3 W2 Min 0,2 mm²
B2/4 TH TH Motor thermal Max 2,5 mm²
B2/5 TH protection Unpluggable flexible and rigid
lead
B2/6 + BR Motor brake
B2/7 -
Mains connection
B3/1 U1
MAIN For single-phase mains Unpluggable Min 0,2 mm²
B3/2 V1 only B3/1 and B3/2 are screw-type Max 2,5 mm²
to be connected flexible and rigid
SUPPLY
B3/3 W1 lead
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1 Input Cosine S1
2 Input Sine S2
3 Input Cosine S3
4 Input Sine S4
5 Output Excitation R1
6
7
8
9 Output 0V Excite R2/3
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23 EL3 -
EA = analog input, EL = logic input, SA = analog output, SL = logic output
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24 EL4 -
6 SL1 Drive OK Max. 50 mA, optocoupled PNP
24V output
18 0V
Logic
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DIGIVEX PC 9-PIN
DIGIVEX 9-PIN SUB-D
INTERNAL PC SUB-D
CONNECTOR
LINKS CONNECTOR
1 DCD 1
2 TD (TXD) RD (RXD) 2
3 RD (RXD) TD (TXD) 3
4 DTR 4
5 0V 0V 5
6 DSR 6
7 RTS 7
8 CTS 8
9 5V / 50mA For programming console 9*
*
May be connected without danger to DIGIVEX pin 9.
This input is for linking with a computer (PC) for parameter loading and setting via the DIGIVEX PC
software. It is also used with the hand help terminal to change those parameters.
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PARAMETER VALUE
Frequency 48 - 62 Hz
Minimum voltage 100 V rms
Maximum voltage 253V rms
Rated voltage 230V +/- 10%
Dc voltage achieved 140 - 340V
PARAMETER VALUE
Frequency 48 - 62 Hz
Minimum voltage 280V rms
Maximum voltage 480V rms
Rated voltage 400V +/- 10%
Dc voltage achieved 380 - 670V
An external mains filter is necessary for compliance with the requirements on electromagnetic
compatibility.
Braking energy is dissipated across the resistor.
Mains monitoring:
No phase (Except single-phase).
Overvoltage.
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Clarification:
1) Connection of the auxiliary power source is not compulsory because it is fed internally by
the direct bus. Connection proves necessary if we want to save the position and the state
through the encoder output (emulation) when for safety reasons, the mains power is turned
off.
2) If the auxiliary power source is used, it is essential for it to be connected to the same
phases (2 out of 3 for three-phase) as the mains power supply (see recommended
diagram – see chapter 4.2), to avoid damage to the appliance.
If this is not possible, this auxiliary power source can possibly originate from another
circuit, but it must, imperatively, be isolated from the system using a transformer whose
secondary will not be earthed. The voltage of the transformer secondary must be identical
to the mains voltage (230V for mono appliances or three-phase 230V or 400V for three-
phase 400V appliances).
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Regulated / filtered 24 V ±10% voltage. Protection against overvoltage by 26 Joule varistor, this
protection is effective from 30 V.
Chassis earth:
For compliance with the standards in force, the lead cross-section must normally be identical to
that of the mains connection and at least 16mm².
The cable cross-sections given in the table below take account of:
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* cross-section incompatible with power terminal blocks see §4.3.1. Provide an intermediate
terminal block nearby.
Connection by connector
The power connection by connector is available as an option. The removable part of the connector
(plug) can be supplied on request.
List of power cables, power connectors, and equipped cables for H or L series motors
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The inductors and, where necessary, the resistors are to be fitted between the DIGIVEX Single
Drive (as close as possible to the drive) and the motor when used with long cable lengths.
U2
CHOKE
Servoamplifier V2 Motor
CHOKE
W2
CHOKE
References of inductors
recommended
SF02032 +
7,5/15 – 8/16 - - DSF02
Drive
resistor
15/30 to 32/64 - - SF02025 SF02025
60/100 - - SF02026 SF02026
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For the terminal block, the clamping nuts and washer come in a bag
Take care when fitting the lugs not to loosen the connecting leads between the motor and the
terminal block.
Digpl3.D
Motor direction of rotation: by wiring as recommended, a positive set point applied to the drive
entails clockwise rotation (viewed from the power shaft end).
U Phase U
ALIMENTATION/SUPPLY/SPEISUNG
V Phase V
W Phase W
U V W
1 3
1 Optional brake +24 V cable ≥ 1mm²
2 4
2 Optional brake 0V
FREIN/BRAKE Thermal
BREMSE sensor 3 Thermal sensor cable ≥ 1mm²
4 Thermal sensor
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PLUG 220065R1610 : power & earth: 0.14 - 1.5 mm². Brake & thermal: 0.14 - 1 mm²
PLUG 220065R1611 : power & earth: 0.75 - 2.5 mm². Brake & thermal: 0.14 - 1 mm²
PLUG 220065R3611 : power & earth: 1.5 - 4 mm². Brake & thermal: 1 - 2.5 mm²
PLUG 220065R3610 : power & earth: 6 - 16 mm². Brake & thermal: 1 - 2.5 mm²
PLUG PINS
BRAKE + A + Green/Red
BRAKE - B - Green/Bblue
THERMAL PROTECTION C 1 Orange
THERMAL PROTECTION D 2 Yellow
EARTH 2 Green/Yellow
U2 1 U Black
V2 4 V White
W2 3 W Red
Shielding to be
- - Green/Orange
connected to the
earth at the
servoamplifier end
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Brushless motors can be equipped with a specially sized brake to maintain the axis immobilized. If
24 V ±10% dc voltage is applied across the brake terminals, the brake disc is free and the motor can
rotate.
The 24 V dc supply used for brake control must be regulated and filtered. It is to be connected to
terminal block B1. The brake is to be connected to terminals B2/6 and B2/7.
The two terminals of the thermal sensor located in the motor terminal box are to be connected to B2/4
and B2/5.
Viewed from F
Digpl7.T/dm8.H
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Maximum distance between the resolver and the DIGIVEX SINGLE DRIVE: 200 m (Please ask
about greater distances).
Viewed from F
Dm7.H
For XD motors :
Connect by Sub-D connector under rear cover (cable routed through special cable gland).
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4.6.4 Cables
Plain cables.
♦ Resolver cable: 6537P0001
♦ Input / Output cable : CB 08304
♦ Emulation cable: CB 08307
Complete cables (equipped with connectors and/or Sub-D connectors).
♦ Resolver cable: 220049R61-- (-- = length in metres) 5m/10m/15m/25m/50m.
♦ Input / Output cable: FELX 304544R--- (code 1 or 2 and length in metres
3m/5m/10m/15m/20m).
♦ Encoder emulation cable: FELX 304546R1--(-- = length in metres)
3m/5m/10m/15m/20m.
For the RS232 cable (Sub-D X3), see commercially available cables with 9-pin Sub-D
extension.
Power cable (supplied unequipped or equipped with connector plug).
See § 4.5.3. connection by connector.
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5K 10 K
Logic outputs
The outputs are supplied by a 24 V internal supply (isolated 24 V and 0 V and common at
terminal 25 and 13 (24 V)). An external 24 V supply must not be connected to the outputs. The
three 0V of the outputs and terminal 25 are connected :
Max output current (level 1) : 50 mA
Residual current (level 0) : Negligible
Response time : 1 ms
Voltage drop for I = 50 mA :2V
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Opto-isolated output (opto-mos), PNP type, the load being for connection to the 0V logic (i.e.
between the two contacts allocated to this output).
LOGIC OUTPUTS
24 V internal
22 Ohms
22 K
DIGPL17.D/20W
22 K
22 K 22 K
22 K 22 K
2.2 nF
22 K
4.7 nF
DIGPL17.D/W
3.3 nF
ANALOG OUTPUTS
40K
2.2 nF
DIGPL17.D/31W
22 K 22 K 11 K
4.7 nF
22 K
4.7 nF
22 K 4.7 nF
DIGPL17.D/18W
11 K
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- B5/1 Reset +
- B5/2 Reset -
A 24 V leading edge applied to B5/1 compared with B5/2 reinitializes the system after power
supply or drive failure.
Notice that the system can also be reset by the "reset" button on the front panel or by switching
the power supply off completely (power and auxiliaries).
This control has no effect during normal operation. The system must be "reset" after any active
fault.
ATTENTION: Opening the OK contact must cause the main contactor to open with a maximum
delay of 100 ms.
Opening the OK relay causes the main contactor to open. The OK relay opens under the
following circumstances:
No phase.
Recovery fault.
Maximum power bus voltage.
Minimum power bus voltage.
Drive fault.
Auxiliary supply fault.
Maximum mains voltage.
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The "OK" relay closes when the minimum bus voltage transits. Maximum time 100 ms.
To ⇐ contactor opened
To + 10ms ⇒ "POWER OFF" LED comes on
To + 20ms ⇒ OK contact on terminal block B5 opens
To + 20ms + delay ⇒ "DRIVE OK" output of connector X2 goes to 0 after bus discharge
The discharge time depends on the activity of the drive during this
phase.
The motor continues to be controlled until the output trips.
"POWER ON" LED goes off,
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To ⇐ Fault detected
To + 10ms ⇒ The "FAULT" LED comes on and the "DRIVE OK" output of the X2
socket goes to 0. The motor is no longer controlled.
To + 20ms ⇒ The OK contact of terminal block B5 opens.
The external automatic control must open the main contactor at
the latest 100 ms after "OK" opens.
After the main contactor opens "POWER OFF" lights up.
To + 20ms + delay ⇒ "POWER ON" LED goes off,
N.B. A mains failure entails the bus dc voltage discharge command two seconds after.
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6. SERVO-CONTROL PARAMETER
FUNCTION AND SETTING
6.1 Servocontrol Parameter Functions
6.1.1 List of parameters
Choice of regulation type:
Speed Proportional: P
⇒ Proportional integral: PI
2
⇒ Proportional double integral: PI
Current regulation
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Choosing P
The drive is used in a speed loop with purely proportional gain. This gain is the ratio between the
output current and the speed error. It is expressed in mA / rpm.
For the same current I, if the gain increases, the error ε is reduced, the rapidity of the system
increases as does its bandwidth.
An increase in gain may lead to instability because of the other components in the loop
(resonances, second order filter).
The use of proportional action P alone has the drawback of giving zero rigidity because there is
no integration ahead of the current section.
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The gain (open loop) at zero frequency is infinite. If there is a torque surge, there will be
an angular discrepancy of the motor shaft compared with the state at rest. This angle
will be proportional to the torque applied and there will not be any permanent speed
drift. The system can be said to be "rigid". This rigidity is strictly proportional to the
integration stop frequency.
The proportional gain P sets the bandwidth f0 (system rapidity). The integral action
entails -90° phase shift, which creates instability. This phase shift is not troublesome at
low frequencies, but may make the system unstable at higher frequencies. It is therefore
best to adjust the "integral stop frequency" correctly (0.2 - 0.3 times the bandwidth f0).
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2
Choosing PI action (proportional and double integration)
2
Compared with P action alone, PI provides the following two modifications:
Rigidity when stopped is infinite. When motor torque surges and after a transient period,
the motor shaft returns to the position it was in at rest (there is no longer any permanent
position discrepancy).
The double integral action entails a -180° phase shift at low frequencies. Poor
adjustment of the integral stop frequency may entail instability in the system. Restrict to
0.1 to 0.2 times the bandwidth f0.
Gradient-1 Gradient-2
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Many systems have one or more resonance frequencies related most of the time to mechanical
phenomena: inertia or mass, associated with the rigidity of the mechanical components (belts,
screws, reducing gear, frames, etc.).
This phenomenon cannot be dealth with by P/PI/PI2 adjustment. If the resonance cannot be
dealt with mechanically, the frequencies concerned must be eliminated. This is the function of
the second order low pass filter.
Diggb17.D/pl35.W
6.1.6 Predictors
Purpose of predictors
Vertical mass.
Dry friction
Friction proportional to speed.
Acceleration.
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The purpose of the predictors is, by calculation, to act directly on the current set point, without
recourse to the speed loop and without waiting for the speed error produced by these
phenomena (see block diagram).
The principle of predictor setting and work is to minimize the current set point part from the P, PI,
2
PI branch and therefore to reduce the speed error.
As these predictors are outside the speed loop (which must be adjusted first), they do not affect
stability. They provide an appreciable improvement on response time.
The acceleration predictor improves stability and allows gain to be increased in any position loop
superimposed on the speed loop.
However, it should be noticed that many speed servocontrols do not require the use of these
predictors.
The current value, in amps, required by the motor to move the mass at constant speed (average
between up and down) is introduced directly into the parameter.
The friction force is fixed, whatever the speed. Its direction is opposed to motion, the sign
therefore depends on the speed set point sign.
In this case too, the values are entered directly in amps, for the required motor current to
overcome friction.
The "threshold" expressed in rpm defines a speed "band" within which this compensation is zero.
Dipl17gb.D/pl36.W
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The threshold is of the order of 1/1000th of maximum speed. This zone allows torque oscillation
to be reduced during rapid and repeated changes of the speed sign. This is the case, in
particular, at rest when there is a position loop.
"Dynamic" friction compensation
Friction proportional to speed, encountered on some mechanical components using fluids.
Value to enter: coefficient in amps / rpm.
Acceleration prediction
Depending on the total inertia (load and motor rotor) and on the desired acceleration, the torque
necessary is equal to: C = ΣJ . dω / dt.
The set point is monitored therefore in order to send a set point that is proportional to inertia
(fixed) and to acceleration to the current control. This is one of the limits of the system; there is
no point in having a variation in the speed set point that is greater than the maximum possible
acceleration of the motor, given by dω / dt = peak torque / ΣJ. Acceleration prediction is only
useful if there is a ramp on the speed reference.
The parameter used is tpr, prediction time, in milliseconds; tpr can vary between:
0 ms (no prediction)
t = td, start up time from 0 to maximum speed, with full drive current. There is then
100% correction.
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ENTER PI OR PI≤
Set integral stop frequency
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There is no access to any setting modifications. The two variables usually assigned to the two
analog outputs can be displayed only on a standard oscilloscope:
If the system allows complete access (level 2), the hand help terminal provides access to the
servo-control parameters (regulation type, gain, etc.). They can be displayed in two ways:
If at level 1, it is possible only to modify the gain already in place (ratio 0.7 to 1.4), speed for a set
point of 10V (±10% unless already at maximum speed) and offset (±1%).
♦ Speed set point generation (fixed, scale, sine wave) with adjustable amplitude,
frequency and mean value.
♦ Oscilloscope function, for displaying and recording the response curves of any
two of the accessible internal variables.
♦ Adjustment procedure which allows, using the two functions above ("parameter"
window open) to make adjustments (except predictors) from the response at one
scale.
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GRAVITY
COMPENSATION
GC
DRY FRICTION
N SIGN COMPENSATION
+/- DF ANALOG
INPUT
VISCOUS FRICTION
COMPENSATION
C = KN
INPUT
ACCELERATION TORQUE
COMPENSATION CURRENT
INPUT C = K dN/dt
LIMIT
OSCILLATOR
ENCODER
EMULATION
OPTION
ZERO MARK
RESOLVER
DIGITIAL ZERO MARK MOTOR
SPEED PROCESSING EXTERNAL
EXCITE
COSINE - SINE
Digbl1.Ds4/W
Reference
♦ 1 Input set point in rpm
♦ 2 Speed measurement in rpm
2
♦ 3 P, PI, PI output in Amps
♦ 4 Sum in Amps
♦ 5 Current set point in Amps
♦ 6 Acceleration in ms
♦ 7 Viscous friction in Amps
♦ 8 Dry friction in Amps
♦ 9 Position in degrees
♦ Iu Phase current U in Amps
♦ Iw Phase current W in Amps
either in interactive mode, by positioning on the points of the diagram the "2 probe tips"
available
or from the list proposed in the "TOOLS - OSCILLOSCOPE" table. Access via the name
of the variables. This is valid for the variables: the eleven above plus the following :
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It should be noticed that these variables can be assigned to the two analog outputs, which
means a separate oscilloscope can be used.
Level 2, accessible by entering a code, this level can be used to modify all the
parameters required for the application.
These levels are valid whether "on line" or "off line" with the PC software or with the hand help
terminal.
If access can be gained to level 2 and the PC software is being used, complete parameter files
can be prepared "off line": motor choice, servo-control parameters, work on inputs and outputs,
etc. This is data processing work on files (File Menu, Open, Save as, etc.).
In this mode, there is an RS232 serial link connection between the PC and its software and the
Digivex Single Drive drive.
To go "on line"
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♦ Check, via File + serial link Set-up, that the PC set-up is compatible with the
drive (9600 bauds / 8 data bits / no parity / 1 stop bit).
♦ Call up "Connect".
♦ Call up "Disconnect".
When going "on line" all the parameters in the drive are copied to the PC. Any parameter
modified by the PC will be copied in the drive.
Choice of rating
Choice of motor (standard or special)
Choice of resolver
Entering servo-control parameters (global transfer)
Assigning inputs / outputs and variables
Use of the oscilloscope function
Two parameters set : "extended parameter set" option
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Initial status
Proportional gain and filter frequency are adjusted simultaneously. If, by increasing proportional
gain, the system starts to resonate, the resonance must be eliminated by reducing the filter
frequency, then increasing P, etc. until a compromise is found.
There is a maximum advisable proportional gain, depending on the drive rating, and
corresponding to maximum current oscillation.
N.B. This gain may be exceeded under certain circumstances. Please ask for details.
Increase gain P
The stimulus is excited on line. The response is collected at one scale of speed set point.
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A response must be obtained without overshooting and oscillation. For example, increase gain
until oscillations gradually appear, then reduce it by 20 to 30%.
If the maximum value shown in the table is reached with P gain, without reducing the filtering
frequency, then:
Stop increasing P
Reduce the filtering frequency until the limit of oscillation
Oscillations may appear on the response obtained above (even when speed is increasing).
This gives frequency resonance (probably mechanical origin) fr = 1/T, greater than 100 Hz.
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Then reduce the filtering frequency until the oscillation disappears almost completely. If that
cannot be done, the maximum gain is reached.
If possible, gain can be increased again until a response is obtained without oscillation.
Oscillation may reappear. Reduce the filtering frequency a little more.
Notice that it is essentially P and filtering frequency that determine the bandwidth.
If the resonance frequency is too low, adjust the filter frequency to a high value.
Initial status
♦ Select PI or PI².
♦ Use the same stimulus as before (index analysis).
♦ "On line", increase the integration stop frequency until overshoot is obtained in
the order of:
25 - 30% in PI
15 - 20% in PI²
Without oscillation.
If the frequency is too high, fairly low frequency oscillations occur (< 50 Hz). Frequency must
then be reduced (never readjust P gain).
Speed
measurement
fi too high
pseudo-period
Time
Dipl43gb.D/45W
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Speed
measurement
fi too high
pseudo-period
Time
Dipl43gb.D/46W
2
Do not change PI to PI without setting the integral frequency to 0.
All loop parameters (P, integral and filtering frequency, max. speed, current limitation)
are set (without predictors).
The system is ready to run.
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Input
reference
Time
Current
reference
Time
Diggb43.D/47W
N.B. I+ and I- are to be taken with their sign. In general I- is negative.
In principle:
I+ + I−
Gravity = in Amps (horizontal motion, gravity = 0).
2
I −I
Static friction = + - in Amps.
2
Enter these values into the parameters.
Enter the threshold value (e.g. threshold = max. speed / 1000).
After introducing the values, the result obtained can be checked with the same stimulus.
Check the input set point on one channel and the P, PI, PI2 output on the other channel.
This should give a result close to:
P, PI, PI≤
Output
Time
Dipl43gb.D/49W
Setting the dynamic friction and acceleration parameters. (It is assumed that the dry friction
and gravity predictors have been set).
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Use a sine stimulus, offset 0, peak to peak value 10 to 20% of maximum speed,
frequency 0.2 to 1 Hz.
Use the oscilloscope function to display:
Acceleration predictor setting. Increase the predictor until P, PI, PI2 output is
minimized. Too high a value increases P, PI, PI2 with a phase change
Input
reference
Time
Maximum positive
Predictor too weak or acceleration
P, PI, PI= zero
Output
Predictor
too high
Time
Predictor correctly
adjusted
DIGPL43.D/
49.W
2
The correct setting corresponds to minimum amplitude P, PI, PI output. The predictor must allow
2
the P, PI, PI output to be reduced in a ratio of at least 5 to 10.
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Remember that the value of tpr (prediction time) (in ms) is close to td (start up time) with:
Setting the dynamic friction predictor. Once all the other predictors have been adjusted,
increase the dynamic predictor to minimize the P, PI, PI² output signal.
When the setting is correct, this output should be minimum and in phase with the input set point.
Input
reference
Time
P, PI, PI=
Output
Time
Minimum value
DIGPL43.D/50.W
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Current limitation; take care in this type of application that it does not trip with mean or
rms current monitoring. Current limitation is often equal to permanent current.
Second order filter frequency. This can only be done with the "superior" regulation loop
giving the current set point.
Access either via the menus (CONTROLS + FORCED INPUTS) or (CONTROLS + OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT), or in interactive mode by clicking on I/O on the left of the block diagram. This
makes it possible:
To assign one of the internal variables to each of the two 10 V analog outputs.
To force the logic inputs to 0 or 1.
Choice of number of marks between 1 and 16384 per turn (off line).
Validating by teaching of zero mark position (on line).
Miscellaneous choices
Choice of processing strategy for monitoring of mean or rms currents: current reduction
or power opening (see § 6.2.2.1 and Digivex PC software instructions - PVD 3483F).
Choice of brake use strategy: current reduction or not in the event of brake closure (see
Digivex PC software instructions - PVD 3483F).
Choice of user strategy for thermal protection of motor (with or without thermal
protection).
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Once "on line" all the parameters in the Digivex Single Drive can be read.
Check with the PC or console that there are no faults (menu CONTROLS + INCIDENT).
If there is no access for modification (level 1), read the parameters in the drive and
check they conform with the problem: motor type, maximum speed, etc.
Check the CW/CCN/T input status.
If there is access to the change (level 2) set up the drive. This can be done "off line" in a
file and then transferred or modified "on line".
♦ Choice of motor.
♦ Choice of servo-control parameters (without the power part, their validity cannot
be checked).
♦ Ancillary checks: validate brakes, analog outputs, safety strategy, etc...
Refit terminal block B5 (OK relay).
Use the software to force the drive to zero torque.
Turn on the power. Normally the "POWER on" LED lights.
Remove the "zero torque" lock by software or by hardware contact (set "T=0" input to 24
V), the drive releases the brake (if the motor is fitted with one and if a brake has been
declared by software).
Using the stimuli (PC software or console) or the setting assistant (PC) carry out the
system setting.
♦ "dc" stimuli (square with peak-to-peak = 0). Check max. N.
♦ "Square" stimuli or setting procedure for adjusting servo-control parameters.
♦ Digivex PC software for setting the predictors if necessary.
The hand help terminal is reserved for systems that have already been programmed.
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POWER ON Green
POWER OFF Off
RECOVERY Off
OVER VOLT Off
PHASE Off
AUX. SUPPLY Green
N.B : The Power ON and Power OFF LEDs may come on simultaneously when the power supply
is cut out : mains disconnected and intermediate supply greater than minimum voltage (200V for
400Vac models and 100V for 230Vac models).
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• On the drive front panel through the "RUN" and "FAULT" LEDs
RUN FAULT
(Green) (Red) MEANING
: LED on
Cl : LED flashing
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In order to prevent the drive from overheating, the mean current [I = f(t)] after 2 second
filtering, with the permanent permissible current. There is then a choice between two
strategies:
Strategy 1: Fault, with the power supply OK relay and main contactor opening
eventually.
Strategy 2: Permanent current reduction of drive to 90% of permanent permissible
current. The "FAULT" LED flashes.
To prevent the motor thermal tripping by the thermal sensor, the drive monitors the rms
current [I2 = f(t)].
The rms current is compared with the permanent permissible current at slow rotation by
the motor Î0 (after first order filtering of 20 second time constant). This data, which is
characteristic of the motor, is known to the drive when the choice of motor - drive is
made.
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♦ Strategy 1: Fault.
♦ Strategy 2: Drive pulse current reduced to 0.9 Î0 of motor current. The "FAULT"
LED flashes.
Drive output current
Each motor has a thermal sensor. When customizing the drive, this sensor can be
taken into account or ignored. If it is taken into account (usual case), excessive motor
temperature causes a fault.
Ambient temperature
This is measured between the electronic boards and operations are stopped when it
exceeds 60°C.
No resolver
Resolver fault or wiring fault.
Overspeed
Speed > 1.15 times the maximum motor - drive setting.
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The incidents that may arise (from wiring errors or mishandling) are as follows:
Resolver fault
♦ Check the resolver connection.
Overcurrent
♦ poor motor connection (motor phase missing)
♦ programmed motor does not correspond to connected motor
Overspeed
♦ Nmax. incorrectly set
♦ Accidental transition to torque regulation
Motor fails to run and remains without torque
♦ System is set to zero torque (hardware or software input T=0). The torque has
been forced to zero during a global transfer. Reset system torque (see software
or console instructions).
♦ The motor is not connected.
Motor fails to run, but torque present
♦ CW and CCW inputs set to zero (hardware or software). Check with software or
hand help terminal.
Display Description
0 Drive live, no power present
1 Drive OK, power present
2 Resolver fault
3 Excessive ambient temperature or dissipater temperature
3 Flashing Excessive dissipater temperature / current reduction
4 Excessive speed
5 Maximum supply current
6 Maximum drive current reached or di/dt fault
7 Excessive mean current or excessive rms current
7 Flashing Excessive mean current or excessive rms current: Reduction
8 Bus overvoltage
9 Excessive motor temperature
A Drive/spindle definition fault
F Drive rating incompatible with CUSTOMIZATION
. (dot) CPU fault
- (dash) Unlisted fault
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8. OPTIONS
8.1 Possible associations
Integrated 7-segment Indexing Speed SSI SERCOS
Maximum of two options possible encoder display function output card
SC6631 SS6611 SH6601 SV6601 SC6637 SP6605
Integrated encoder SC6631 X X
7-segment display SS6611 X X
Indexing function SH6601 X
Speed output card SV6601 X
SSI SC6637
SERCOS SP6605
An optional board, placed inside the Digivex Single Drive, is used to convert the signal from the resolver
into a series of pulses that are identical to those from an incremental encoder : A, B, 0 and their
complements.
Adjustable between 1 and 16384, either by +/- keys, or be entering the number directly (OFF LINE only).
When the operator judges the position is suitable, he confirms by acknowledging the zero mark.
Voltage supply
The encoder emulation boards are electrically isolated between the output stage through three
optocouplers, needing to be powered by an external +5V ±10%, 100 mA source, as for all
incremental encoders.
In no case can this power supply, which is intended only for electrical isolation, be used to keep
position information from the resolver in the event of failure of the drive's low-level power supply.
Short-circuit capability
Signal form
Signal levels:
Dipl44gb.D/51W
Switching time:
Rise or fall time defined from 10% to 90% of the magnitude in question, without cable and without
load.
tr = tf = 45ns (typical value)
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Time delay defined at 50% of magnitudes in question without cable and without load.
Time delay defined at 50% of magnitudes in question without cable and without load.
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1 .
2 Output Top 0
3 Output A
4 Output B
5 Input 5V
6 Output Top 0
7 Output A
8 Output B
9 Input 0V
Cables equipped with Sub-D connectors can be supplied, see drawing FELX 304554.
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DIGIVEX SERVO-AMPLIFIER
Reference Description
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Reference Description
SC_6631 Encoder emulation
SC_6637-1 Simplified SSI encoder card
SC_6637-2 SSI encoder card
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Reference Description
For motors HX4, HX6, HS6, HD6, HD6, HS8 and Io < 14 A.
220065R1610 Size 1 power plug
6537P0009 1 mm2 power cable by metre
220049R4205 Equipped power cable - length 5m (1)
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