Unit 3: Making machines See (Artificial Intelligence)
Class-XII
MCQs:
1. The field of study that helps to develop techniques to help computers “see” is
___________.
a) Python
b) Convolution
c) Computer Vision
d) Data Analysis
Answer: c) Computer Vision
2. Task of taking an input image and outputting/assigning a class label that best
describes the image is ___________.
a) Image classification
b) Image localization
c) Image Identification
d) Image prioritization
Answer: a) Image classification
3. Identify the incorrect option:
(i) Computer vision involves processing and analyzing digital images and videos to
understand their content.
(ii) A digital image is a picture that is stored on a computer in the form of a sequence of
numbers that computers can understand.
(iii) RGB colour code is used only for images taken using cameras.
(iv) Image is converted into a set of pixels and fewer pixels will resemble the original
image.
a) ii b) iii c) iii & iv d) ii & iv
Answer: c) iii & iv
4. The process of capturing a digital image or video using a digital camera, a scanner, or
other imaging devices is related to ___________.
a) Image Acquisition b) Preprocessing c) Feature Extraction d) Detection
Answer: a) Image Acquisition
5. Which algorithm may be used for supervised learning in computer vision?
a) KNN b) K-means c) K-fold d) KEAM
Answer: a) KNN
6. A computer sees an image as a series of ___________.
a) Colours b) Pixels c) Objects d) All of the above
Answer: b) Pixels
7. ___________ empowers computer vision systems to extract valuable insights and drive
intelligent decision-making in various applications.
a) Low-level processing b) High insights c) High-level processing d) None of the
above
Answer: c) High-level processing
8. In Feature Extraction, which technique identifies abrupt changes in pixel intensity and
highlights object boundaries?
a) Edge detection
b) Corner detection
c) Texture Analysis
d) Boundary detection
Answer: a) Edge detection
9. Choose the incorrect statement related to preprocessing stage of computer vision:
a) It enhances the quality of acquired image
b) Noise reduction and Image normalization are often employed with images
c) Techniques like histogram equalization can be applied to adjust the distribution of
pixel intensities
d) Edge detection and corner detection are ensured in images
Answer: d) Edge detection and corner detection are ensured in images
10. 1 byte = __________ bits
a) 10
b) 8
c) 2
d) 1
Answer: b) 8
11. What does Computer Vision primarily focus on?
a) Understanding digital images
b) Storing digital images
c) Designing digital images
d) Scanning documents
Answer: a) Understanding digital images
12. Which of the following is NOT an application of computer vision?
a) Object detection
b) Facial recognition
c) Data encryption
d) Image classification
Answer: c) Data encryption
13. What type of images does computer vision process?
a) Color images only
b) Grayscale images only
c) Digital images, including color and grayscale
d) Analog images
Answer: c) Digital images, including color and grayscale
14. In image preprocessing, which step reduces the noise or blurriness from an image?
a) Image normalization
b) Noise reduction
c) Resizing
d) Histogram equalization
Answer: b) Noise reduction
15. What is used to represent colors in digital images?
a) Pixels
b) RGB color model
c) Vectors
d) Algorithms
Answer: b) RGB color model
16. Which type of machine learning algorithm is commonly used for classification in
computer vision?
a) Unsupervised learning
b) Supervised learning
c) Reinforcement learning
d) Semi-supervised learning
Answer: b) Supervised learning
17.What does edge detection help to identify in an image?
a) Boundaries between different regions
b) Color distribution
c) Textures
d) Shapes
Answer: a) Boundaries between different regions
18. The technique that groups similar pixels together based on characteristics is known
as:
a) Clustering
b) Image segmentation
c) Feature extraction
d) Color analysis
Answer: b) Image segmentation
19. Which of the following techniques is used for real-time object detection in computer
vision?
a) YOLO
b) CNN
c) Edge detection
d) K-means
Answer: a) YOLO
20. What is the main function of object localization in computer vision?
a) To classify objects
b) To determine the exact position of objects in an image
c) To enhance the color features of an object
d) To create masks for object separation
Answer: b) To determine the exact position of objects in an image
21. What term refers to the process of improving the quality of an image to make it
suitable for analysis?
a) Preprocessing
b) Detection
c) Segmentation
d) Post processing
Answer: a) Preprocessing
22. Which of the following is a challenge of computer vision?
a) Reasoning and analytical issues
b) High processing speeds
c) Privacy and security concerns
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
23. Which stage involves analyzing an image to extract important features?
a) Image acquisition
b) Preprocessing
c) Feature extraction
d) High-level processing
Answer: c) Feature extraction
24. What does the term “semantic segmentation” refer to?
a) Classifying individual objects in an image
b) Classifying pixels into predefined categories without distinguishing between instances
c) Identifying boundaries of objects
d) Creating masks for image regions
Answer: b) Classifying pixels into predefined categories without distinguishing between
instances
25. In which of the following fields is computer vision commonly applied?
a) Medical imaging
b) Automotive (autonomous driving)
c) Surveillance
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Questions-Answers
1. What is Computer Vision, and why is it important?
Answer: Computer Vision (CV) is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables
machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, much like
human vision. It involves processing and analyzing images and videos to extract
meaningful information. CV is important because it allows machines to perform tasks like
object recognition, facial identification, medical image analysis, and autonomous
navigation, making it essential for applications across healthcare, automotive, security,
and entertainment.
2. What are the key stages in the computer vision process?
Answer: The computer vision process generally involves five stages:
Image Acquisition: Capturing digital images or videos through various devices like
cameras or scanners.
Preprocessing: Enhancing image quality by reducing noise, normalizing pixel values,
resizing, or adjusting contrast.
Feature Extraction: Identifying key features such as edges, textures, or color patterns
within the image.
Detection/Segmentation: Identifying and isolating objects or regions of interest within the
image.
High-Level Processing: Analyzing the detected objects or regions to make informed
decisions or predictions.
3. Explain the difference between image classification and object detection.
Answer: Image classification involves categorizing an entire image into a specific class or
category (e.g., identifying an image as containing a “dog”). In contrast, object detection
identifies and locates multiple objects within an image by drawing bounding boxes
around them and classifying each object (e.g., detecting both a “dog” and a “cat” within
an image and marking their locations).
4. What is feature extraction in computer vision, and why is it important?
Answer: Feature extraction is the process of identifying and extracting important visual
patterns or attributes from an image, such as edges, textures, or colors. It is important
because it reduces the complexity of the image and helps computer vision algorithms
focus on the most relevant information for tasks like recognition, classification, and
tracking.
5. What are the applications of computer vision in the healthcare industry?
Answer: In healthcare, computer vision is used for medical image analysis, such as
detecting tumors or abnormalities in X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans. It aids in diagnosing
diseases, tracking the progression of conditions, and providing visual support for surgery.
Computer vision is also employed in robotic surgery, where it helps surgeons with
precision and real-time feedback.
6. What challenges do computer vision systems face in real-time applications?
Answer: Computer vision systems face several challenges in real-time applications,
including:
Data Quality: Poor quality images, such as those captured in low-light conditions, can
lead to inaccurate results.
Interpretability: The decision-making process of deep learning models is often a “black
box,” making it difficult to understand how the system reaches a conclusion.
Speed: Balancing the need for real-time processing with the accuracy of object
recognition or classification is challenging.
Privacy Concerns: The use of technologies like facial recognition raises ethical and
privacy issues.
7. What are some common preprocessing techniques used in computer vision?
Answer: Common preprocessing techniques include:
Noise Reduction: Removing blurriness, graininess, or distortions from images to improve
clarity.
Image Normalization: Adjusting pixel values to fall within a specific range (e.g., 0 to 1) for
consistency across images.
Resizing/Cropping: Changing the dimensions of an image to make it uniform for analysis.
Histogram Equalization: Adjusting image contrast to highlight important details,
especially in low-contrast images.
8. What role does convolutional neural networks (CNNs) play in computer vision?
Answer: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of deep learning algorithm
widely used in computer vision. They automatically learn and extract features from
images by applying convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers.
CNNs are particularly effective in tasks like image classification, object detection, and
segmentation, as they can identify complex patterns in visual data without manual
feature engineering.
9.How does image segmentation work in computer vision?
Answer: Image segmentation involves dividing an image into distinct regions based on
shared characteristics, such as color, texture, or intensity. The process can be either
semantic, where pixels belonging to the same class are grouped together, or instance-
based, where individual objects are differentiated, even if they belong to the same class.
Segmentation helps identify and isolate specific objects or areas in an image for further
analysis.
10. What are the ethical concerns associated with computer vision technology?
Answer: Ethical concerns include privacy issues, particularly with facial recognition
technology being used in surveillance systems without consent. There is also the risk of
algorithmic bias, where certain groups may be misidentified or discriminated against due
to biased training data. Additionally, computer vision can be misused for generating fake
images or videos, leading to misinformation or malicious activities.
11. Explain the concept of “high-level processing” in computer vision.
Answer: High-level processing refers to advanced stages in the computer vision pipeline
where the detected objects or regions are analyzed to extract meaningful insights or
make decisions. This could involve understanding the context of a scene (e.g.,
recognizing that a person is in a car) or making predictions (e.g., identifying a medical
condition from an X-ray). High-level processing enables computer vision systems to
perform tasks like object recognition, scene understanding, and autonomous decision-
making.
12. What is the difference between semantic segmentation and instance segmentation?
Answer: Semantic segmentation classifies each pixel of an image into a predefined
category, but it does not differentiate between multiple instances of the same class (e.g.,
all “cars” are labeled the same). Instance segmentation, on the other hand, not only
classifies each pixel but also distinguishes between different instances of the same class,
allowing the model to identify and separate each object individually, even if they belong
to the same category.
13. What is the significance of RGB in computer vision?
Answer: RGB (Red, Green, Blue) is the most common color model used in computer
vision to represent color images. Each pixel in an image is made up of a combination of
red, green, and blue values, with each channel ranging from 0 to 255. The RGB model is
used to encode the colors in a digital image, allowing computer vision systems to
analyze and process color information effectively.
14. How does object detection work in computer vision?
Answer: Object detection involves identifying and locating objects within an image. The
process typically includes two main tasks: classification, where each object is
categorized into a class (e.g., “dog” or “cat”), and localization, where bounding boxes
are drawn around each detected object. Object detection algorithms, such as YOLO or R-
CNN, utilize deep learning techniques to recognize multiple objects in a single image and
label them accordingly.
15. What is the role of deep learning in improving computer vision tasks?
Answer: Deep learning, particularly through neural networks like CNNs, has significantly
improved computer vision tasks by enabling systems to automatically learn features
from raw image data. Unlike traditional computer vision methods that require manual
feature extraction, deep learning models can learn complex patterns and representations
directly from data, leading to higher accuracy and the ability to handle more challenging
tasks, such as facial recognition and autonomous driving.
16. How does the “black box” nature of deep learning models affect computer vision?
Answer: The “black box” nature refers to the difficulty in interpreting how deep learning
models, especially CNNs, make decisions. While these models perform exceptionally well
in tasks like image recognition, understanding the reasoning behind their predictions can
be challenging. This lack of transparency is problematic, especially in applications like
healthcare or security, where understanding the rationale for a decision is critical for
trust and accountability.
17. What is edge detection, and why is it important in computer vision?
Answer: Edge detection is a technique used in computer vision to identify boundaries
within an image, where there is a significant change in pixel intensity. It helps highlight
the outlines of objects and regions in an image, making it easier to understand the
structure of the visual content. Edge detection is crucial for tasks like object recognition,
scene understanding, and image segmentation, as it provides important cues about the
shape and position of objects.
18. What are the potential future advancements in computer vision technology?
Answer: Future advancements in computer vision are expected to include improvements
in model accuracy, enabling more complex scene understanding and object recognition.
Real-time processing capabilities will improve, allowing faster decision-making for
applications like autonomous vehicles. Additionally, computer vision will become more
integrated with AI, enabling systems to understand not just images but also context,
emotions, and actions, enhancing its use in fields like robotics, healthcare, and
entertainment.
19. How can computer vision be used in autonomous vehicles?
Answer: In autonomous vehicles, computer vision is used to interpret the vehicle’s
surroundings through cameras and sensors. It helps detect and recognize objects such as
pedestrians, other vehicles, traffic signs, and road markings. This enables the vehicle to
make decisions like stopping at a red light, avoiding obstacles, or navigating complex
traffic scenarios, all crucial for safe and efficient autonomous driving.
20. What are the challenges of using computer vision in real-world scenarios?
Answer: Challenges include:
Data Quality: Poor-quality images due to lighting, resolution, or angles can affect the
accuracy of computer vision systems.
Real-Time Processing: Processing large amounts of data quickly enough for real-time
applications is difficult, especially in systems that need instant responses.
Complex Environments: Handling complex or dynamic scenes, such as crowded areas or
changing weather conditions, adds to the complexity.
Ethical and Privacy Concerns: The use of technologies like facial recognition raises
concerns about surveillance, consent, and data misuse.
