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Sparks from the Spirit
Sparks from the Spirit
From Science to Innovation. Development.
and Sustainability

Yongyuth Yuthavong

PAN STANFORD ,rrr PUBLISHING

Published by
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3
8 Temasek Boulevard
Singapore 038988

Email: [email protected]
Web: www.panstanford.com

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Sparks from the Spirit: From Science to Innovation,

Development, and Sustainability
Copyright© 2018 by Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereat may not be reproduced in anyform
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission from the publisher.

For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,
USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.

ISBN 978-981-4774-57-4 (Hardcover)

ISBN 978-1-315-14599-0 (eBook)
To Onchuma, Namon, and Rasa
 Book Reviews

This book has an important message for anyone concerned about

the future of mankind and our planet. Elegantly and concisely, Prof
Yuthavong traces our efforts through millennia to understand this
world and ourselves and science's pivotal role therein. He notes
science's evolving nature [we still don't have a single theory or a theory
of everything) but rightly emphasizes that scientific advances and
innovations in and of themselves will not be enough for a sustainable
future; they must be coupled with a better understanding of human
nature and human society [where science could also be ofgreat help)
and supported by good policies and good governance. He also warns
us against some of the current practices that could have disastrous
consequences and highlights the importance of sustainability in all
our current and future development endeavors.
Dr. Mohamed EIBaradei
Nobel Peace Prize winner, Former Vice President of Egypt, and
Director General Emeritus, International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria

Prof Yuthavong guides us through an absorbing panorama of human

progress ignited by sparks from the spirit ofscience throughout all ages
and across all continents. He writes with humility and deep conviction
that scientific and technology innovations tempered by social justice
and common humanity will lead humankind to sustainability.
Academician Dato' lr. (Dr.) Lee Vee Cheong,
Chairman, UNESCO International Scientific, Technology and Innovation
Centre for South-South Cooperation

Prof Yuthavong revitalizes the concepts of science and innovation

in Sparks from the Spirit He displays a passionate love affair with
science and lights a match that will surely enable any nonscientist to
find his or her way in a dark room. People like me will be enticed to
reach for more books about science.
Mechai Viravaidya,
Population and Community Development Association, Thailand
viii I Book Reviews

This most informative and enthralling narrative, anchored with a

sound knowledge of science and the highest levels of public policy
decision making, authoritatively links creativity, wonder, exploration,
inventiveness, and development with the central role of science,
sparking the quest for sustainability since the dawn of civilization.
The book is well structured. The chapters can be read sequentially
or as stand-alone chapters with specific themes and thrust and with
historical and contemporary examples. Sparks from the Spirit is
an invaluable resource for arousing interest and igniting action,
particularly in decision makers in governments, business, and
academia, toward a sustainable future and beyond. The book provides
many inputs into various aspects of sustainability for both society and
the environment.
Nay Htun
Founder and Hon. Patron, Green Economy Green Growth Association,
Myanmar

For most laypersons, science is at best worthy but dry and boring or at
worst the root of our major problems. Where Sparks from the Spirit
excels is in pointing out the beauty of science and its role in inspiring
a sense of wonder and the urge to explore. It highlights the open-
ended nature of the enterprise, always growing, always embracing
new dimensions. The book shows that science is not just a European
invention but has major contributions from Asia (especially China and
India) and Arab/Islamic civilisations. Through numerous examples,
the book also conveys a rich array of scientific discoveries benefitting
humanity.
Sir Gustav Nossal,
Former President of the Australian Academy of Science,
former President of the International Union of
Immunological Societies, and
Australian of the Year 2000
 Contents

Preface xiii
Background and Acknowledgments XV
Synopsis xvii
Guide to the Contents of the Book xxi

1. The Spirit of Science 1

1.1 The Fires within Us 2
1.2 Spirit Arising from the Fires 8
1.3 Knowledge Gained from the Spirit of Science 16
1.3.1 Physical Sciences 17
1.3.1.1 Earth science 17
1.3.1.2 Space and fundamental
physics 18
1.3.2 Chemistry and Materials Science 19
1.3.2.1 Structure of atoms and
molecules 19
1.3.2.2 Synthetic and natural product
chemistry 20
1.3.2.3 Materials science 21
1.3.3 Life and Medical Sciences 22
1.3.3.1 Molecular biology 22
1.3.3.2 Medical and veterinary
sciences 23
1.3.3.3 Plant sciences 25
1.3.4 Human and Social Sciences 26
1.4 Turning the Spirit into Action 27

2. The Spirit Has Sparks 31

2.1 Sparks from the Spirit and Their Effects 32
2.2 Little Sparks, Great Flames 36
2.3 Sparks as Ideas 40
2.4 Sparks as Innovations 42
2.5 Management of Sparks: Reaping and Sharing
Benefits 45
xl Contents

2.6 Sparks as Development 47

2.7 Sparks toward Sustainability so
3. Nurturing the Spirit, Enhancing the Sparks 53
3.1 Keeping the Spirit Alive 54
3.2 The Role of Education in Nurturing the Spirit
and Enhancing the Sparks 56
3.3 Science, Technology; Engineering, and
Mathematics as Content 62
3.4 Society and Environment as a Context 66
3.5 Nurturing the Spirit: Absorption and Building
of Knowledge 67
3.6 Enhancing the Sparks: Critical Success Factors 71

4. Cultivating the Brain 75

4.1 Human Thinking Can Be Cultivated 76
4.2 Science Helps Cultivate Thinking 78
4.3 Cultivating Imagination and Creativity 82
4.4 Cultivating Psychomotor Skills 85
4.5 Cultivating Passion 87
4.6 Which Side of the Brain to Cultivate 88
4.7 Cultivating Multiple Intelligences 89

5. Creating Sparks from the Spirit 91

5.1 Making the Connection between the Spirit
and the Sparks 92
5.2 The Importance of Scientific Knowledge 95
5.3 "Imagination Is More Important Than
Knowledge" 96
5.4 From Imagination to Creativity and
Inventiveness 100
5.5 Learning Creativity and Inventiveness 103
5.6 From Idea to Practice 105
5.6.1 Guidance by Passion, Curiosity, and
Inquisitiveness 105
5.6.2 Aiming for a Target and Checking for
Novelty 106
5.6.3 Planning and Execution 107
5.6.4 Tenacity and Hard Work 108
5.6.5 Organization and Networking 108
5.6.6 Going through to the Finishing Line 109
 Contents I
xi

6. What Is Science For? 111

6.1 The Many Purposes of Science 112
6.2 Science as a Source of Knowledge and of
Methods for Problem Solving 114
6.2.1 Helping Us Understand the Nature of
Things 115
6.2.2 Helping Us in Daily Life 116
6.2.3 Helping Us Solve Present and Future
Problems 119
6.3 Science for Intellect and Wisdom 120
6.4 Science as a Source of Technology and as a
Societal Tool 123
6.5 Science for Benefits 127
6.6 Science for Humanity and the Environment 132

7. Present and New Challenges 135

7.1 A Scorecard for Science 136
7.2 Challenges to Science 140
7.3 Challenges from within Science 141
7.3.1 Is Science Finished? 141
7.3.2 What Kinds of Science? 143
7.3.3 Who Should Share in Doing Science? 145
7.4 Challenges to Science from Societal and
Environmental Problems 148
7.5 Challenges in Health 153
7.6 Challenges in Food 156
7.7 Challenges in Living and for the Environment 159
7.8 Challenges in Sustainable Production and
Consumption 161

8. Addressing the Base of the Pyramid 165

8.1 The Base of the Pyramid: A Latent Power 166
8.2 Too Poor to Afford Health? 169
8.3 Too Poor to Feed Themselves? 173
8.4 Small Is Beautiful and Appropriate Technology 176
8.5 Science for the Base of the Pyramid 178

9. Dangers and Risks in the Sparks 181

9.1 Light and Shadows of Science and Technology 182
9.2 Risks from Science and Technology:
Assessment and Management 183
xii I Contents

9.3 Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of

Science and Technology 187
9.4 Bioethical Issues 188
9.5 Ethical and Related Issues on Information
Technology and Robotics 192
9.6 Environmental Ethics 197
9.7 Toward Good Governance in Science and
Technology 199

10. Sparks for Sustainable Development 207

10.1 Lessons from the Past 208
10.1.1 Ecosystems 208
10.1.2 Human Societies 210
10.2 Roads to Realization of Our Problems 214
10.3 Sustainable Development Goals 216
10.4 The Role of Science toward Achieving
Sustainable Development Goals 219
10.5 Sustainability Science as a Key to Sustainable
Development 238

11. Moving Beyond Sustainability 241

11.1 Are We Moving Toward or Away from
Sustainability? 242
11.2 Beyond 2030 243
11.3 Beyond Sustainability 243
11.4 Sustainability and Happiness 244
11.5 Sparks for the Future 247
11.5.1 Sharing Life with Artificial Intelligence 24 7
11.5.2 Enhancing Our Own Life and Lifespan 249
11.5.3 Improving Our Society and
Environment 250
11.6 Message to the Universe 251

Bibliography 255

Index 259
 Preface

This book traces the links between science, which is the human
quest for knowledge, and sustainable development. Science contains
all knowledge about nature, which we obtain by asking questions,
observing, and experimenting in attempts to find answers and
make rational conclusions. It is a common heritage of humankind,
stemming from curiosity, imagination, and experience in seeking
explanations to understand all things around us. The spirit of
scientific enquiries leads further, from an understanding of our
problems to solutions that enable us to survive and develop. The
"sparks" originating from the spirit of science lead to innovation
and are essential for achieving sustainable development, which
benefits us all, including the poor and the disadvantaged, whose
needs are most acute. The book points out that common people as
well as government and business have big, potential roles to play in
sustainable development, a major spark with one of its roots in the
spirit of science.
The book is intended for a general, especially young readership.
I hope it appeals to those curious about the nature of science and
the benefits it brings, together with possible pitfalls it may have. It
begins with the role that science plays in contributing to the quality
and content of learning of individuals. It then explores the effects of
science on societies, highlighting the opportunities it gives to newly
developing societies that can overcome obstacles in order to achieve
sustainable development. It is written in nontechnical language,
with illustrations, case studies, practical examples, and historical
perspectives. It is intended to create both an understanding of science
and an appreciation of the role it plays in human development. I am
a professional scientist with a broad interest in social and economic
development, especially of developing countries. I have combined
my technical background as a research scientist and administrator
with my expertise in policy and practice derived from experience
as former Minister of Science and Technology and former Deputy
Prime Minister of Thailand.
Yongyuth Yuthavong
2018
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