TERM 1

Subject : PhySICS (042)

Time : 90 Minutes Max. Marks : 35
General Instructions : Same as in C.B.S.E. Sample Paper or in Target Sample Paper–1.

SECTION—A
This section consists of 25 multiple choice questions with overall choice to attempt any 20 questions. In case more
than desirable number of questions are attempted, ONLY first 20 will be considered for evaluation.

1. In a series LCR circuit having L = 30 mH, R = 8 fi and the resonant frequency 50 Hz. The quality factor of the circuit
is
(a) 0·118 (b) 11·8 (c) 118 (d) 1·18
2. Alternating voltage (V) is represented by the equation
(a) V(t) = Vm ext (b) V(t) = Vm sin mt (c) V(t) = Vm cot mt (d) V(t) = Vm tan mt
where Vm is the peak voltage.
3. Which of the following graphs represents the correct variation of inductive reactance XL with frequency v ?

XL XL XL XL

(a)
(b) (c) (d)

U U U U

4. A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. The rms value of the current in the circuit is
(a) 12·8 A (b) 13·6 A (c) 15·9 A (d) 19·5 A
2
5. A long solenoid with 10 turns per cm has a small loop of area 3 cm placed inside, normal to the axis of the solenoid. If
the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2 A to 4 A in 0·2 s, what is the induced voltage in the loop,
while the current is changing ?
(a) 4·2 × 10–8 V (b) 2·8 × 10–8 V (c) 7·3 × 10–6 V (d) 3·8 × 10–6 V
6. As shown in the figure, a metal rod makes contact with a partial circuit and completes the circuit. The circuit area is
perpendicular to a magnetic field with B = 0·15 T. If the resistance of the total circuit is 3 fi, the force needed to move
the rod as indicated with a constant speed of 2 m s–1 will be equal to
× × × × ×
B = 0·15 T (into page)
× × × × ×
R=3T

× × × × ×
50 cm v = 2 m s–1
× × × × ×

× × × × ×

× × × × ×
–3 –3
(a) 3·75 × 10 N (b) 2·75 × 10 N (c) 6·57 × 10–4 N (d) 4·36 × 10–4 N

35
sð VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
7. A 2 m long metallic rod rotates with an angular frequency of 200 rad s –1 about an axis normal to the rod passing through
its one end. The other end of the rod is in contact with a circular metallic ring. A constant magnetic field of 0·5 T
parallel to the axis exists everywhere. The emf developed between the centre and the ring is
(a) 100 V (b) 200 V (c) 300 V (d) 400 V
8. Two coils, A and B are as shown in the figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A is moved toward B and
stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counterclockwise. B is kept stationary when A moves. We can infer that
A B

(a) there is a constant current in the clockwise direction of A

(b) there is a no current in A
(c) there is a varying current in A
(d) there is a constant current in the counterclockwise direction in A.
9. A planar coil having 12 turns carries 15 A current. The coil is oriented with respect to the uniform magnetic field
→= x such that its directed area is → = – x 2. The potential energy of the coil in the given orientation is
B 0·2 i T A 0·04 i m
(a) 0 (b) ±0·72 J (c) +1·44 J (d) –1·44 J
10. Point out the correct direction of magnetic field in the given figures.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

11. The graph of magnetic moment µ of a revolving electron around the nucleus versus principal quantum number n is
(a) Straight line (b) Hyperbola (c) Parabola (d) Circle
12. The ratio of the magnetic dipole moment to the angular momentum of the electron in the Ist orbit of hydrogen atom is
e 2m m
(a)
(b) e (c) (d)
2m
e e
m
13. The nature of parallel and anti-parallel currents are
(a) parallel currents repel and antiparallel currents attract
(b) parallel currents attract and antiparallel currents repel
(c) both current attract
(d) both currents repel.
14. A straight wire having mass of 1·2 kg and length of 1 m carries a current of 5 A. If the wire is suspended in mid-air by a
uniform horizontal magnetic field, then the magnitude of field is
(a) 0·65 T (b) 1·53 T (c) 2·4 T (d) 3·2 T
7 –1 –31
15. The energy of an electron having a speed of 2·98 × 10 m s is (me = 9·1 × 10 kg)
(a) 2·2 keV (b) 2·5 keV (c) 2·8 keV (d) 3·0 keV
Target Sample Ðuestion s7
Papers
16. A cubical region of space is filled with some uniform electric and magnetic field. An electron enters the cube across one
of its faces with velocity v and a positron enters via opposite face with velocity –v. At this instant, which one of the
following is not correct ?
(a) the electric forces on both the particles cause identical acceleraions.
(b) the magnetic forces on both the particles cause equal acceleration
(c) both particles gain or loose energy at the same rate
(d) the motion of the centre of mass (CM) is determined by B alone.
17. A current carrying wire in the shape of a circle as the current progresses along the wire the direction of current density
changes in an exact manner while the current I remains unaffected. The responsible factor for it is
(a) the charges ahead
(b) electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire
(c) the charges just behind a given segmet of wire which push them just right way by repulsion.
(d) none of these.
18. The I-V characteristics shown in figure is represent for

(a) ohmic conductors (b) non-ohmic conductors (c) insulators (d) superconductors.
19. The electrical resistance of a conductor depends upon
(a) size of conductor (b) temperature of conductor (c) geometry of conductor (d) all of above.
20. A small sphere of radius r1 and charge q1 is enclosed by a spherical shell of radius r2 and charge q2. If q1 is positive, then
(a) charge will flow from the sphere to shell (b) charge will flow from the shell to sphere
(c) charge flow will depend on the magnitude q2. (d) charge flow will depend on the magnitude of charge q1.
21. When air is replaced by a dielectric medium of constant K, the maximum force of attraction between two charges
separated by a distance
(a) increases K times (b) remains unchanged (c) decreases K times (d) increases K1/2 times
22. Two identical capacitors are joined in parallel, charged to a potential V, separated and then connected in series, the
positive plate of one is connected to the negative of the other. Which of the following is true ?
(a) The charges on the free plates connected together are destroyed.
(b) The energy stored in the system increases.
(c) The potential difference between the free plates is 2 V.
(d) The potential difference remains constant.
23. A charge 10 µC is placed at the centre of a hemisphere of radius R = 10 cm as shown. The electric flux through the
hemisphere (in MKS units) is

+10 µC
R

(a) 20 × 105 (b) 10 × 105 (c) 6 × 105 (d) 2 × 105

s8 VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
24. A point charge +q, is placed at a distance d from an isolated conducting plane. The field at a point P on the other side
of the plane is
(a) directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane
(b) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the plane
(c) directed radially away from the point charge
(d) directed radially towards the point charge.
25. If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then

(a) → → → →

°∫ s E .d s s 0 on any surface (b) °∫ s E .d s = 0 if the charge is outside the surface

→ → q
(c) ° E.d s = if charges of magnitude q were inside the surface
0
∫
s
(d) both (b) and (c) are correct.

SECTION—B
This section consists of 24 multiple choice questions with overall choice to attempt any 20 questions. In case more
than desirable number of questions are attempted, ONLY first 20 will be considered for evaluation.

26. The unit of electrical permittivity is

(a) C2/N-m2 (b) N–m2/C2 (c) N/C (d) N–V/m2
27. The force of interaction between two charges q1 = 6 µC and q2 = 2 µC is 12 N. If charge q = –2 µC added to each of
the charges, then the new force of interaction is
(a) 2 × 10–7 N (b) zero (c) 30 N (d) 2 × 10–3 N
28. The potential in the equatorial plane of a dipole having dipole moment p is
(a) infinite (b) zero (c) maximum (d) equal to p
29. Two equal and opposite charges (+q and –q) are situated at a distance x from each other. The value of potential at very
far point will depend upon
q
(a) only on q (b) only on x (c) on q–x (d) on
x
30. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor ? (NCERT Exemplar)
(a) Drift velocity alone (b) Thermal velocity alone
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity (d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity
31. If charges move without collisions through the conductor, their kinetic energy would also change, so that the total energy
is
(a) changed (b) unchanged (c) doubled (d) halved
32. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the figure.
Identify the region, where Ohm’s law is obeyed.

C D
Current (I)

E
B

Voltage V
(a) CD (b) BC (c) DE (d) None of these
33. According to Ampere’s circuital law, the line integral of the magnetic field around any closed loop is
1
(a) equal to times the total current flowing through the loop
µ0
Target Sample Ðuestion s9
Papers
(b) equal to µ0 times the total current flowing through the loop
µ
(c) equal to 0 times the total current flowing through the loop
s0

(d) equal to s0
times the total current flowing through the loop
µ0
34. A cylindrical conductor of radius R is carrying a constant current. The plot of the magnitude of the magnetic field B with
the distance d from the centre of the conductor, is correctly represented by the figure
B B B B

(a)
(b) (c) (d)

R d R d
R d R d
35. The magnitude of the magnetic field inside a long solenoid is increased by
(a) decreasing its radius (b) decreasing the current through it
(c) increasing its area of cross-section (d) introducing a medium of higher permeability
36. Electron is revolving around a nucleus in circular orbit of radius 1 Å with a speed 4 × 104 m/s. Magnetic moment
produced due to rotation of electron is
(a) 3·2 × 10–29 A–m2 (b) 6·4 × 10–25 A–m2 (c) 3·2 × 10–25 A–m2 (d) 1·6 × 10–5 A–m2
37. Magnetic moment of an electron in the first orbit is
(a) 2eh
(b) eh eh
4nme (c) (d) None of these
4nme 2nme
38. Which of the following expression represents the relation between orbital magnetic moment and orbital angular momentum
of an electron ?
2me e e
(a) µorb = – Lorb (b) µorb = – 2me Lorb (c) µorb = – Lorb (d) µorb = Lorb
e 2me 2me
39. A square loop of wire, side length 10 cm is placed at angle of 45° with a magnetic field that changes uniformly from
0·1 T to zero in 0·7 s. The induced current in the loop (its resistance is 1 fi) is
(a) 1·0 mA (b) 2·5 mA (c) 3·5 mA (d) 4·0 mA
40. Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction corresponds to the law of conservation of
(a) charge (b) energy (c) momentum (d) angular momentum
41. The North-pole of a long horizontal bar magnet is being brought closer to a vertical conducting plane along the
perpendicular direction. The direction of induced current in the conducting plane will be
(a) horizontal (b) vertical (c) clockwise (d) anti-clockwise
42. An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an AC potential. In this circuit
(a) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lead the PD across the inductance by phase angle n/2
(b) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lag behind PD across the inductance by an angle n/2
(c) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lag behind the PD across the inductance by an angle n
(d) the PD across the resistance lags behind the PD across the inductance by an angle n/2 but the current in the
resistance leads the PD across inductance by n/2
43. An AC voltage is applied to a resistance R and an inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance are both equal to
3 fi, the phase difference (in rad) between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit is

(a) n n n
(b) (c) zero (d)
4 2 6
44. In a circuit containing R and L, as the frequency of the impressed AC increases, the impedance of the circuit
(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) remains unchanged (d) first increases and then decreases
 40 VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
For question numbers 45–49, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
45. Assertion (A) : There is only one neutral point on a horizontal board when a magnet is held vertically on the board.
Reason (R) : At the neutral point the net magnetic field due to the magnet and magnetic field of the earth is zero.
46. Assertion (A) : The electric flux emanating out and entering a closed surface are 8 × 103 and 2 × 103 V m
respectively. The charge enclosed by the surface is 0·053 µC.
Reason (R) : Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics may be applied to verify.
47. Assertion (A) : Charge on all the condensers connected in series is the same.
Reason (R) : Capacitance of capacitor is directly proportional to charge on it.
48. Assertion (A) : If the length of the conductor is doubled, the drift velocity will become half of the original value
(keeping potential difference unchanged).
Reason (R) : At constant potential difference, drift velocity is inversely proportional to the length of the conductor.
49. Assertion (A) : In a conductor, free electrons keep on moving but no magnetic force acts on a conductor in a magnetic
field.
Reason (R) : Force on free electron due to magnetic field always acts perpendicular to its direction of motion.

SECTION—C
This section consists of 6 multiple choice questions with an overall choice to attempt any 5. In case more than
desirable number of questions are attempted, ONLY first 5 will be considered for evaluation.

50. An inductor of 30 mH is connected to a 220 V, 100 Hz ac source. The inductive reactance is

(a) 10·58 fi (b) 12·64 fi (c) 18·85 fi (d) 22·67 fi
51. A galvanometer of resistance 10 fi gives full-scale deflection when 1 mA current passes through it. The resistance
required to convert it into a voltmeter of reading upto 2·5 V is
(a) 24·9 fi (b) 249 fi (c) 2490 fi (d) 24900 fi
Case Study
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 52 to 55.

I2 I3

O
I1

I4 I5
Kirchhoff’s Rules
In 1942, a German physicist Kirchhoff extended Ohm’s law to complicated circuits and gave two laws, which enable us
to determine current in any part of such a circuit. According to Kirchhoff’s first rule, the algebraic sum of the current
meeting at a junction in a closed electric circuit is zero. The current flowing in a conductor towards the junction is taken
as positive and the current flowing away from the junction is taken as negative. According to Kirchhoff’s second rule, in
a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emf’s and algebraic sum of the products of current and resistance in the various
arms of the loop is zero. While traversing a loop, if negative pole of the cell is encountered first, then its emf is
negative, otherwise positive.
52. Kirchhoff’s Ist law follows
(a) law of conservation of energy (b) law of conservation of charge
(c) law of conservation of momentum (d) Newton’s third law of motion.
Target Sample Ðuestion 41
Papers
53. The value of current I in the given circuit is
(a) 4·5 A (b) 3·7 A (c) 2·0 A (d) 2·5 A.

4A
2A
I
3A
5A
54. Kirchhoff’s IInd law is based on
(a) law of conservation of momentum of electron (b) law of conservation of charge and energy
(c) law of conservation of energy (d) none of these.
55. Point out the right statements about the validity of Kirchhoff’s Junction rule.
(a) The current flowing towards the junction are taken as positive.
(b) The currents flowing away from the junction are taken as negative
(c) Bending or reorientating the wire does not change the validity of Kirchhoff’s Junction rule.
(d) All of above.

AKswers
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (a) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (d)

HIK5s & SoIu5iOKs

1. Here, L = 30 mH = 30 × 10–3 H, R = 8 fi, vr = 50 Hz
As mr = 2nvr = 2 × 3·14 × 50 = 314 Hz
–3
mr L 314 × 30 × 10
Quality factor, Q = = = 1·18.
R 8
2. (b) The equation of alternating voltage is
V(t) = Vm sin mt.
3. Inductive reactance, XL = mL = 2nvL
→ XL a v
Hence, inductive reactance increases linearly with frequency.
4. Here, L = 44 mH = 44 × 10–3 H
Vrms = 220 V, v = 50 Hz
The inductive reactance is
XL = mL = 2nvL = 2 × 3·14 × 50 × 44 × 10–3 = 13·82 fi
V 220
Irms = rms = = 15·9 A.
XL 13·82
N
5. Here, = 10 turns per cm = 1000 turns per
m
l
A = 3 cm2 = 3 × 10–4 m2
42 VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
4– 2
or = = 10 As–1
0·2
di
dt d$ d d⎛ N ⎞
Also s= = (BA) = A µ i =A
µ ⎛ N⎞ di
| 0 | 0 |⎝ |
dt dt dt ⎝ l ⎠ l ⎠ dt
= 3 × 10–4 × 4n × 10–7 × 1000 × 10
= 3·8 × 10–6 V.
6. The emf induced in the rod causes a current to flow anticlockwise direction in the circuit. Because of this current in the
rod, it experiences a force to the left due to the magnetic field. In order to pull the rod to the right with constant speed,
this force must be balanced by the puller. The emf induced in the rod is
|e| = Blv = (0·15 T) (0·5 m) (2 m s–1) = 0·15 V
Current induced in the rod is
|s| 0 ·15 V
i = = = 0·05 A
R 3fi
F = ilB sin 90º = (0·05 A) (0·05 m) (0·15 T) (1)
= 3·75 × 10–3 N.
7. The emf developed between the centre and the ring is
2
1 2 0·5 × 2 × 200
s = Bl m = = 200 V.
2 2
8. Coil A must be carrying a constant current in counterclockwise direction. Because of that, when A moves towards B,
current induced in B is in counterclockwise direction as per Lenz’s law. The current in B would stop when A stops
moving.
→ x
9. Here, B = 0·2 i T; l = 15 A; N = 12;
→ x
2
A = –0·04 i m
Magnetic moment of the coil
→ → x x
M = NI A = (12) (15 A) (–0·04 i m2) = – 7·2 i Am2
The potential energy of the coil in the given orientation is
U= → → x 2 x
– M. B = – (–7·2 i A m )·(0·2 i T) = +1·44 J.
10. The magnetic field lines due to a bar magnet are closed continuous curves directed from N to S outside the magnet and
directed from S to N inside the magnet. Hence option (d) is correct.
nh eL neh
11. L = ;µ = ;µ=
or µ a n.
2n 2m 4nm
Clearly µ versus n graph will be a straight line.
eh
12. Magnetic dipole moment of the electron in the 1st orbit is M =
...(i)
4nm
Angular momentum of the electron in the 1st orbit is
h
L = ...(ii)
2n
M eh 2n e
Divide (i) by (ii), we get = × = .
L 4nm h 2m
13. (b)
14. For mid-air suspension, the upward force F on wire due to magnetic field B must be balanced by the force due to
gravity, then
IlB = mg
Target Sample Ðuestion 4s
Papers
mg
B = Il
Here, m = 1·2 kg, g = 10 m s–2, I = 5A, l = 1 m
1·2 × 10
B=
5 × 1 = 2·4 T.
15. Given V = 2·98 × 107 m s–1
me = 9·1 × 10–31 kg
As electron is a moving charged particle, its total energy is contributed by kinetic energy only
1 2
E = mT = × 9·1 × 10–31 × (2·98 × 107)2 = 40 × 10–17 J
1
2
2
–17
40 × 10
= = 25 × 100 = 2·5 × 103 eV = 2·5 ke V.
–19
1·6 × 10
16. (a)
17. The direction of current density is the direction of flow of positive charge in the circuit which is possible due to electric
field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire.
18. The figure is showing I–V characteristics of non-ohmic or non-linear conductors.
I

19. The electrical resistance of a conductor depends upon all factors ; size, temperature and geometry of conductor.

20.
r2 q2
q1
r1

As the charge resides always on the outer surface of the shell, therefore, when the sphere and shell are connected by a
wire, charge will flow essentially from the sphere to the shell, whatever be the magnitude and sign of charge q2.
F0
21. As Fm =
K
the maximum force decreases by K times.
22. When the two capacitors charged to same potential are connected in series, then total potential difference
V' = V1 + V2 = V + V = 2 V.
23. According to Gauss’s theorem
q
Electric flux through the sphere =
s0
1q
Electric flux through the hemisphere =
2 s0
44 VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
–6
10 × 10
= –12
= 0·56 × 106 Nm2 –1
2 × 8·854 × 10 C
= 0·6 × 106 Nm2 C–1 = 6 × 105 Nm2 C–1.
24. When a point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an isolated conducting plane, some negative charge develops on the
surface of the plane towards the charge and an equal positive charge develops on opposte side of the plane. Hence, the field
at a point P on the other side of the plane is directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane as shown in figure.

– +
– +
P
+ – +
q
– +
d
– +

25. According to Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics

→ →
q
°∫ E . d s = s
0
Here q is charge enclosed by the surface.
If the charge is outside the surface, therefore, qinside = 0
→ →
Also,
°∫ E.d s = 0
So both (b) and (c) are correct.
26. From Coulomb’s law,
1 q1q2
F= ·
4ns0 r 2
Electrical permittivity,

s0 = q1q2 C× C
4n × F × = N ×
2
r
2 m
Unit of electrical permittivity = C2/N-m2.
27. Here, q1' = (6 – 2)µC
and q2' = (2 – 2)µC
New force, F = kq1q2/r2
1 (6– 2)(2– 2) × 10–12 = 0.
=
4ns0 r2
28. The potential due to an electric dipole is
V= 1 p·r 1 pr cos0
= ·
2
4ns0 r 4ns0 r2
⎛
pr cos |
1 n⎞ J n]
= 4ns
· 0 |
⎝ 2⎠ 2 |]
0
r2 |
⎝
=0
Thus, the potential in the equatorial plane of a dipole of dipole moment p is zero.
29. Electric potential at point P is given is
1 2qx cos 0
Vq = · ,
4ns 0 r2
Target Sample Ðuestion 45
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where r is the distance of observation point from the centre of dipole

8
–q +q

x
Hence, the value of potential at very far point will depend upon q.x.
30. The relationship between current and drift speed is given by I = ne Avd
Here, I is the current and vd is the drift velocity.
So, I a vd
Thus, only drift velocity determines the current in a conductor.
31. When charge moves without collisions through conductor, their kinetic energy would also change but the total energy
remains constant.
32. BC is the region, where Ohm’s law is obeyed because in this part, the current varies linearly with the voltage.
33. According to Ampere’s circuital law,

°∫ B.dI = µ I
0 enclosed,
where Ienclosed is the net current I flowing through the area enclosed by the closed path.
34. (i) The magnetic field at a point outside cylinder, i.e., d > R
µ0I
B=
2n
where, µ0 = permeability of free space. d
(ii) The magnetic field at a surface, i.e., d = R
µ0I
B=
2nR
(iii) The magnetic field at inside point
µ0I
B= 2d
2nR
So, the variation of magnetic field can be plotted as

Ba
d 1
Ba
d

O d
d=R

35. Field along the axis of a solenoid is

B = µ0ni
where, B = magnetic field
µ0 = permeability of free space
n = the number of turns per unit length
and i = current
4ð VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
So, according to the formula, magnitude of the magnetic field inside a long solenoid is increased by introducing a medium
of higher permeability.
36. Given, r = 1 Å = 1 × 10–10 m
and v = 4 × 104 m/s
Magnetic moment associated due to revolution of electron
–19 4 –10
evr 1·6 × 10 × 4 × 10 × 10
µ= 2 = 2
–25 2
= 3·2 × 10 A-m .
37. We know that, magnetic moment of a revolving electron,
e vr e·me vr
µ= 2 = 2me
eL
→ µ = 2m ...(i) [ L = mevr]
e
According to Bohr’s quantisation condition,
nh
L = 2n ...(ii)
From Eqns. (i) and (ii),
enh
µ=
4nme
For first orbit, n =
I
eh
µ= .
4nme

µorb
38. As, evr
Lorb – 2 –e
==
2me
mevr

→ µorb = –e
2meLorb
where, µorb = orbital magnetic
momentum
and Lorb = orbital angular momentum.
39. Magnetic flux linked with the loop,
$B = B.A cos 0
1
= 0·1 × (10 × 10–2)2 ×
2

10–3
$B =
2
Now, induced emf in the loop,
J –3 ]
– |10 |
d$ 2
e=–B ⎝ ] –3
dt = = 10
V 0– 7
–3
e 10
Induced current = = = 1 mA.
R 1
40. Lenz’s law obeys the law of conservation of energy. According to it, the polarity of induced emf is such, it tends to produce
a current that opposes the change in magnetic flux.
41. The induced emf will oppose the motion of the magnet. So, by applying Lenz’s law, the direction of induced current will be
anti-clockwise.
Target Sample Ðuestion 47
Papers
42. For a resistor, the phase difference between current and potential difference is zero, whereas, in a pure inductor the current
n
lags behind the voltage by 2 radians.
Therefore, when both are connected in series, then the potential difference and current across resistor lags behind PD
n
across the inductor by .
2
43. tan $ XL Lm
= =
R R
3 
→ tan $ =
3 
→ tan $ = 1
$ = tan–1(1)
→ $ = 45º

→ $ = n
rad.
4
44. Impedance, Z = 2 2
R + (2nfL)
As f increases, Z will increase.
45. There will be only one neutral point on the horizontal board. This is because, field of earth’s magnetic field is from
south to north; and the field of pole on the board is radially outwards. At any point towards south of magnetic pole,
field of earth and field of pole will cancel out to give a neutral point.
46. According to Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics,
$ = q/s0
q = s0$ = 8·85 × 10–12 [8 × 103 – 2 × 103]
= 53·10 × 10–9 C = 0·053 µC.
47. Let two capacitors be connected in series. If +q charge is installed on left plate of the first capacitor then –q charge is
induced on right plate of this capacitor. This charge comes from electron drawn from the left plate of second capacitor.
Thus, there will be equal charge +q on the left plate of second capacitor and –q charge induced on the right plate of
second capacitor. Thus, each capacitor has same charge (q) when connected in series. Capacitance is quantity dependent
on construction of capacitor and independent of charge.
48. Drift velocity of free electrons is given by,

vd =
eE
m T,
Potential difference
where E= V length =l
eV
vd = ı i.e., vd a 1/l, eV T
is constant
where, m
ml
It means if l is doubled, the drift velocity will become half of the original value.
49. In a conductor, the average velocity of electrons is zero. Hence no current flows through the conductor. Hence, no
force acts on this conductor.
50. Here, L = 30 mH = 30 × 10–3 H
Vrms = 220 V, v = 100 Hz
Inductive reactance,
XL = 2nvL
= 2 × 3·14 × 100 × 30 × 10–3 = 18·85 fi.
–3
51. Here, Ig = 1 mA = 1 × 10 A, G = 10 fi,
V = 2·5 V
48 VINESH Target Physics XII
(KBSE)
From the figure,

IR R
G
A B

V
V
V = Ig(G + R) or R = –G
Ig
Substituting the given values, we get,
2·5 V
R = –10 fi = 2500 fi – 10 fi = 2490 fi.
–3
1×10 A
52. Kirchhoff’s Ist law is based on law of conservation of charge whereas Kirchhoff’s IInd is based on law of conservation
of energy.

53.
4A
2A
I

3A
5A

According to Kirchhoff’s junction law

(+I) (+4A) + (+2A) + (–5A) + (–3 A) = 0
I + 6A – 8A = 0 or I = 2A.
54. (c)
55. (d)