https://www.linkedin.

com/in/themr255/
 Docker
Introduction

Docker Docker
Architecture Vs Virtual Machine

Docker Docker Docker

Installation Installation Installation
- RHEL - - MAC - - Windows -

Docker Docker Docker Docker

Hello World Lifecycle Commands Commands Cont.
• What is Docker
- Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications.
- Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly.
- With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications.
- Docker is written in Go programming language.
- Docker uses a technology called namespaces to provide the isolated workspace called the container. When you run a
container, Docker creates a set of namespaces for that container.

• Creator of Docker
- Docker Inc. was founded by Kamel Founadi, Solomon Hykes, and Sebastien Pahl during the Y Combinator Summer 2010
startup incubator group and launched in 2011.

• Docker Editions
- Docker is available in two editions
1) Community Edition
2) Enterprise Edition

• Use cases of Docker

- Check use cases of Docker here.
• Docker uses a client-server architecture.
• The Docker client talks to the Docker daemon, which does the heavy lifting of building, running, and distributing your Docker
containers.
• The Docker client and daemon can run on the same system, or you can connect a Docker client to a remote Docker daemon. The
Docker client and daemon communicate using a REST API, over UNIX sockets or a network interface.
• Another Docker client is Docker Compose, that lets you work with applications consisting of a set of containers.
• Please check below architecture for Docker,

• Components of Docker –
1) Docker Daemon
2) Docker Client
3) Docker Registry
4) Docker Images
5) Docker Containers
• Components of Docker –

1) Docker Daemon -
• The Docker daemon (dockerd) listens for Docker API requests and manages Docker objects such as images, containers,
networks, and volumes.
• A daemon can also communicate with other daemons to manage Docker services.
• The Docker daemon called: dockerd is the Docker engine which represents the server.

2) Docker Client -
• The Docker client (docker) is the primary way that many Docker users interact with Docker. When you use docker
commands such as docker run, the client sends these docker commands to docker daemon (dockerd), which carries
them out.
• The docker command uses the Docker API. The Docker client can communicate with more than one daemon.

3) Docker Registry -
• A Docker registry stores Docker images.
• Docker Hub is a public registry that anyone can use, and Docker is configured to look for images on Docker Hub by
default. You can even run your own private registry.
• When you use the docker pull or docker run commands, the required images are pulled from your configured registry.
• When you use the docker push command, your image is pushed to your configured registry.
• Components of Docker –
4) Docker Images -
• An image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a Docker container. Often, an image is based on
another image, with some additional customization. For example, you may build an image which is based on the
Ubuntu image, but installs the Apache web server and your application, as well as the configuration details needed to
run application.
• Docker template is written in a language called YAML, which stands for Yet Another Markup Language.
• The Docker image is built within the YAML file and then hosted as a file in the Docker registry.
• Example of Docker Image
Create a layer from image (Debian based) which has Python 3.8
Buster – Debian based Image Sample Docker file for Flask application
Slim - Paired down version of the Buster image
3.8 - Version of image FROM python:3.8-slim-buster

to set the working directory for all the subsequent Dockerfile instructions. WORKDIR /app

copies new files or directories from source to destination (here /app) COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt

command is run in a shell, which by default is /bin/sh -c on Linux or cmd RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
/S /C on Windows

Create a layer from python image COPY . .

Tell Docker what command we want to run when our image is executed
inside a container. CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
• Components of Docker –
5) Docker Container -
• A container is a runnable instance of an image. You can create, start, stop, move, or delete a container using the
Docker API or CLI.
• You can connect a container to one or more networks, attach storage to it, or even create a new image based on its
current state.
• By default, a container is relatively well isolated from other containers and its host machine. You can control how
isolated a container’s network, storage, or other underlying subsystems are from other containers or from the host
machine.
• Docker Container is a running environment for Image. Images like Redis, Ubuntu, Nginx, Alphine and etc.
 Docker Virtual Machine
OS level process isolation Hardware-level process isolation
Dockers make use of the execution engine VMs make use of the hypervisor.
(Docker Engine).

Each container can share OS Each VM has a separate OS

Containers are lightweight (KBs/MBs) VMs are of few GBs
Less resource usage More resource usage
Boots in a few seconds. It takes a few minutes for VMs to boot.
Pre-built VMs are difficult to find Pre-built docker containers are easily available

Containers are destroyed and re-created rather VMs can move to new host easily
than moving

Containers can be created in seconds Creating VM takes a relatively longer time

• To install Docker, please follow instructions given on below links

• For RHEL
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/rhel/

• For CentOS
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

• For Ubuntu
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

• For Mac
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/mac-install/

• For Windows
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/
• Demonstrating Hello World Example
• In our first example, we are going to run a container with hello world image.
• To perform this practical, first check docker is running or not and if not then first docker daemon.
• To use this hello world image, to create and run this container with that image use below command
docker run hello-world

• So how above command works in background???

• We are running docker run command which is responsible for launching a container.
• hello-world is the name of the image created by someone on Dockerhub.
• So when we run above command then first it will search that image locally and if image is not available locally then it will
search in Dockerhub.
• Once hello-world image has been downloaded, docker creates a container using that image and executes it.
• Check below flow for docker hello-world example

Docker Daemon streams

Docker Daemon pulls image Docker Daemon creates container output to docker
Docker Client contacts Docker from Docker Hub if not available container from that image and client, which sent it to your
Daemon locally run it terminal

1 2 3 4

Flow in background
• Demonstrating Hello World Example
Console output –

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:94ebc7edf3401f299cd3376a1669bc0a49aef92d6d2669005f9bc5ef028dc333
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

C:\Users\Mahesh>
• Please see below flow for docker lifecycle.

Docker Hub
Docker
push
Docker docker run
pull

docker pause
docker create docker start
Created Running docker unpause Paused

docker remove docker start docker stop

docker remove
Deleted Stopped
1) docker pull - Pull an image or a repository from a registry.
• In below example we are pulling Nginx image.
• You can also pull image with specific tag as you see in below example, we are pulling nginx:alpine-slim image (Paired down version of main
Nginx image)

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker pull nginx

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
3f4ca61aafcd: Pull complete
50c68654b16f: Pull complete
3ed295c083ec: Pull complete
40b838968eea: Pull complete
88d3ab68332d: Pull complete
5f63362a3fa3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0047b729188a15da49380d9506d65959cce6d40291ccfb4e039f5dc7efd33286
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker pull nginx:alpine-slim

alpine-slim: Pulling from library/nginx
c158987b0551: Pull complete
1e35f6679fab: Pull complete
cb9626c74200: Pull complete
b6334b6ace34: Pull complete
f1d1c9928c82: Pull complete
9b6f639ec6ea: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6dbf9cb07de10c545d67e346042d628be0dd098f3207c30e23b84af9f146eced
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:alpine-slim
docker.io/library/nginx:alpine-slim

C:\Users\Mahesh>
2) docker images - List and show images, their repository and tags, and their size.

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 1403e55ab369 13 days ago 142MB
nginx alpine-slim fe464c9f63f9 2 weeks ago 11.5MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB

C:\Users\Mahesh>

3) docker image ls - List and show images, their repository and tags, and their size.

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 1403e55ab369 13 days ago 142MB
grafana/grafana latest 83f377cc32a0 2 weeks ago 317MB
prom/prometheus latest b816c2dd5971 2 weeks ago 223MB
nginx alpine-slim fe464c9f63f9 2 weeks ago 11.5MB
mysql latest 7484689f290f 3 weeks ago 538MB
jenkins/jenkins lts 25fa92c47840 7 weeks ago 463MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB

C:\Users\Mahesh>
4) docker run - To create and start a new container from docker image.
• Note – If you are running docker run command and if image is not available locally, then it will download image from Docker Hub & will create
and run the container.
• And if I run docker run nginx command again then it will create a new container and will run it.

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker run nginx

/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.3
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 36
5) docker ps - List only running containers.

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp sweet_lichterman

C:\Users\Mahesh>

6) docker ps -a - List both running and stopped containers.

• You can either use docker ps -a or docker ps --all

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 11 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp
sweet_lichterman
9a964a846329 hello-world "/hello" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gallant_cerf

C:\Users\Mahesh>
7) docker stop - Stop a running container
• To stop a container you can use below command
docker stop container_id
• There is one more command which you can use to stop a container
docker container stop container_id

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 33 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 80/tcp sweet_lichterman

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker stop 8de1c2fa0fd5

8de1c2fa0fd5

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

C:\Users\Mahesh>
8) docker start - To start a container
• To start a container you can use below command
docker start container_id
• There is one more command which you can use to start a container
docker container start container_id
• To start a container, first get container ID of that container using command and then start your container as shown below – docker ps -a

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago
sweet_lichterman
9a964a846329 hello-world "/hello" 8 hours ago Exited (0) 8 hours ago gallant_cerf

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker start 8de1c2fa0fd5

8de1c2fa0fd5

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp sweet_lichterman

C:\Users\Mahesh>
9) docker log - To check logs of container
• To get logs of a container, first get container ID of that container using command and then start your container as shown below – docker ps –a
• Then you can use below command to fetch logs of container
docker log container_id
• To view the last few lines of container log you can use command like - docker logs -f --tail 10 container_id

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago
sweet_lichterman
9a964a846329 hello-world "/hello" 8 hours ago Exited (0) 8 hours ago gallant_cerf

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker logs 8de1c2fa0fd5

/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.3
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
2023/01/03 13:36:10 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
10) docker exec -it - To run a command in a running container.
• Running an Interactive Shell in a Docker Container
• The -i flag keeps input open to the container, and the -t flag creates a pseudo-terminal that the shell can attach to.
• To create interactive Shell session in container -> docker exec –it container_id sh
• To create interactive Bash session in container -> docker exec –it container_id bash
• To terminate interactive session use exit command

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8de1c2fa0fd5 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago
sweet_lichterman
9a964a846329 hello-world "/hello" 8 hours ago Exited (0) 8 hours ago gallant_cerf

C:\Users\Mahesh> docker exec -it 8de1c2fa0fd5 sh

# pwd
/
# ls -lrt | tail
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Dec 19 00:00 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 19 00:00 bin
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 1616 Dec 21 11:28 docker-entrypoint.sh
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 4096 Dec 21 11:28 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Dec 21 11:28 docker-entrypoint.d
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 3 13:36 etc
dr-xr-xr-x 11 root root 0 Jan 3 14:48 sys
dr-xr-xr-x 239 root root 0 Jan 3 14:48 proc
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Jan 3 14:48 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 3 14:48 run
# exit
C:\Users\Mahesh>
• https://www.docker.com/company/newsroom/media-resources/
• https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/
• https://www.docker.com/use-
cases/#:~:text=Docker%20allows%20you%20to%20run,the%20Docker%20engine%20as%20containers
• https://hub.docker.com/_/python
• https://dockerlabs.collabnix.com/beginners/helloworld/
• https://docs.docker.com/language/python/build-images/
• https://medium.com/swlh/alpine-slim-stretch-buster-jessie-bullseye-bookworm-what-are-the-differences-in-docker-
62171ed4531d
• https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
• https://docs.docker.com/get-started/02_our_app/
• https://medium.com/future-vision/docker-lifecycle-tutorial-and-quickstart-guide-c5fd5b987e0d
• https://linuxhandbook.com/container-lifecycle-docker-commands/
• https://geekflare.com/docker-vs-virtual-machine/
• https://cloudacademy.com/blog/docker-vs-virtual-machines-differences-you-should-know/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/themr255/

If you find this post helpful, then please share.

Follow @TheMr255 for more DevOps content.

Like Comment Save