ee etawaf ermatyrarcs, eal eer, wrk rsereoie ony and ea — extensive properties, state functions, First 2 Ean dace ton vt te wy a OCS: ‘Entropy; Gibb's energy: Critera of equiibtum and spontanety. "SNAPSHOT, ' wl soles, temperstire T of AQ = CAF where gy = heat absorbed by the system at 7 . rte ne TN cifc heat and the somer. = heat rejected by the sytem a Me ate ite aa ' 4 frst law of thermodynamics, AE = q+ For x Nee pares . peoig ang intra snr 8 Ge bat severable Net engine, = 3 fener i semand sthework doncentherytem. eee ‘AB, q and ws , oe conention eater, is postive, Sa = SFa/ Tr a Sp = AH Me Saag ree» eae © Entropy change of an ideal gas (for 1 mol) : If work is dotted by the system, q is positive. : > cy | HEL Seen out by te system, 41s negative asacyinbbenl=crinfbeninf cf ety abate by the stem itera energy yy Se focuses AB postive. constant temperature eae seemed Le tera neyo he arte 5 Yaga tat] decreases, AE is mesa . i senalpy H= E+ PV: Enthalpy change, AH = AE + PAV At constant volume (isochoric process), aE oH For 1 mol of @ gas, Gy=($p), anecp ene Cp-Cv= PAV=R Work done in reversible isothermal expansion 2.303nRT og ~ ‘Work done in irreversible isothermal expansion 42-= Pa V2- Vd) qy= AE and gp = MH, qp = qv + On_RT or AH = AE + An,RT where, An, = np~ np Kirchhoft’s equation ale Py AS= Cyn = Cyn At constant pressure (isobaric process), th Vi Gibbs energy, G = H - TS. Gibbs energy change, AG = AH - TAS AG? = 26° (Products) - EG° (Reactants) ‘Clausius-Clapeyron equation : P, __AH, (8 at sR BR 2303R\ Tih, T; aS= ping =Coln log: van't Hoff reaction isotherm : AG = AG? + nRT \n K AG? = ~ nFE%y3 AG = - RT INK 2a . © Inversion temperature, T;System A rel 5 () | sempre ei (——spteaa a Sytem: ‘Syn = () + ‘Sema “Terperatare fal A Sytem [Teaperature remains sae © (@) represents path function, is (A) q+w (Cw (D) H-TS (a) (B)and(C) (b) (A)and(D) (e) (B),(C)and (D) @ (A), @)and () (Main B) 4 9" April 1 Shift 2019) Fora diatomic ideal gas ina closed system, which of the following plots doesnot correty describe the ration “Tamper Fit (Main 138 April 2 Sift 2023) ‘Among the following, the set of parameters that a ‘The combination of isothermal expansion oa BandC ® Oe (@ Aven (Main | “He Inthermodynamics,a proce, 2 ). the surround aida a (@ the sytem chan spontaneously. imo 4, Which one ofthe follow @ Makinson (b) ‘Temperature isa state fu, c) (Change in the states om initial and final stats are se. (@)Workappearsat the bounds i, Among the folowing a real cneye Ne ing (b) inreverible expansion work (©) reversible expansion work (4) lar enthalpy ‘The following is (are) endoth (a) combustion of methane (@) decomposition of water (0). dehydrogenation of ethane to (@) conversion of eraphiteto dam My Mic react she neve une fo gle (@) enthalpy el (volume |. Among the following the number of si between various thermodynamic quantities? ane @ GS wy as tT t t @G od 7 (Main 124 Jan 1 Shift 2019) ‘ Internal energy (U), Volume (V); Heat a 2(1IT-JEE 1997) (UT-JEE 1993) is more than that of the (IIT-JEE 1993) of the products contest Fea and B are connected via stopcock. The we th gs ato certain presure, The A is bly is immersed in water and is allowed to Thrire assem | equilibrium with water. After opening. Come 10 TRE. gas from vessel A expands into vessel win temperature is observed in the ans es -iyhich of the following statement is true? Two te pressure in the vessel B before opening the ms cock is 270: <) awed 5 . 6 4u20 (Main 2" April 1° Shift 2025) gine following inorder of magnitude of work done Arrange emyon the system at constant temperature, or mai foe expansion infinite stages. (1 reel fr expansion in ingle Sage 1D) md for compression in infinite stages () waren for compression in single stage viihe correct answer from the options given below: @ C=A>DBD (© D>C=A>B (@) A>C>B>D (Main 2" April 2™ Shift 2025) ne mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and eversibly from 10 dm’ to 20 dm? at 300 K. AU, q and ‘work done in the process respectively are [Given : R = 8.3) K+ mol"'s In 10 = log 3 = 0.48) (a) 0,-17.18 Kj, 1.718] (©) 0,21.84 kj, 21.84 1) 17. log 2 = 0.30: (b) 0, 21.841, -1.726] (@)_0,1.718 J, -1.718 (Main 4" April 1* Shift 2025) Consider the given data: (A) HCl) + 10H,0() —> HCl10H,0; ‘AH =~69.01 kJ mol" | (B) HCl) + 40,0, —> HCL40H, Choose the correct statement. 19, 20. 21. 2. re 151 Fl Demeester Ba ty ae test of dilation for the HCL (HCHIOH:O 1° HCH40H,0) is 378 ki mot! y <) The beat of solution depends on the amount solvent, d) sen of formation of HCI solution is represented bby both (A) and (B) (Main 4 April 2~ Shaft 2025) otal enthalpy change for freezing of 1 mol of water at 10°C toice at -10°C 8 = y}mort Ks (Given: SegH = x ki/mol : G,lHy¢ G,{H,0,9] = 2} mor" K) (a) x- l0y- 10e (b) 10(100x + y +z) (c) -x-10y - 102 (d) -10(100x + y+ 2) (Main 7 April 1" Shift 2025) ‘The hydration energies of K* and CY are -x and Ki/mol respectively. If lattice energy of KCI is ‘kJ/ mol, then the heat of solution of KCL is. (@ x+ytz () +x-y-2 (© z-+y (@ -2-(e+y) (Main 7 April 2 Shift 2025) “The correct statement amongst the following is (a) The standard state of a pure gas is the pure gas at 2 pressure of 1 bar and temperature 273 K. (b) The term ‘standard state’ implies that the temperature is 0°C. (0) AyHjggis zet0 for Oe (d) Ag Hg99 is 2er0 for Ox: (Main 7 April 2“ Shift 2025) 'A liquid when kept inside a thermally insulated closed vessel at 25 °C was mechanically stirred from outside. What will be the correct option for the following thermodynamic parameters? (@) AU=0,q<0,w>0 (b) AU>0,q=0,.w>0 (© AU<0,q=0,w>0 (d) AU=0,q=0,w=0 (Main 22" Jan 1" Shift 2025) Which of the following mixing of 1 M base and 1 M acid leads to the largest increase in temperature? (a) 45 mL CH,COOH and 25 mL NaOH (b) 50 mL HCl and 20 mL NaOH (©) 30 mL CH,COOH and 30 mL NaOH (@)_ 30 mL HCl and 30 mL NaOH (Main 24" Jan 2™ Shift 2025) 3 Se + Ox 7 SOx) + 2 keal 1 SOs) + 5 Org) SO + Real ‘The heat of formation of SOx) is given by (a) 2x+ykeal (b) x+ykeal (©) y-2xkeal () = kcal y (Main 24" Jan 24 Shift 2025)‘An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic transformation startiNg al ck to the same point by from the point A and coming ba tracing the path A> B > C-> D> A as show in the three cases above (Choose the correct option regarding AU: (@)_ AU Case Il) > AU(Case-I) > AU(Case-1) {b). AU (Case-1) = AU(Case-Il) = AU(Case-IIl) (©) AU (Case-1) > AU(Case-I1) > AU(Case-II1) (@) AU (Case-) > AU(Case-I) > AU[Case-1)) (Main 28° Jan 2% Shift 2025) 26, 500 J of energy is transfered as heat to 0.5 mol of argon | ‘gas at 298 K and 1.00 atm, The final temperature and the ‘change in internal energy respectively are (Given: R= 83K" mol) (2) 378Kand 300] (b). 348Kand 300) (©) 368Kand 500] (@)_378Kand 500} (Main 29" Jan 1% Shift 2025) 27. LEC damond) — Cogghe) + XKI mol" Cidamend) + 024g) COng + KJ mol" Cegrpnie) + O29 COryg + ZI molt at constant temperature. Then @ -Z (} (Q -X=Y+Z @ (Main 29 Jan 2 Shift 2025) 28. Choose the correct option for free expansion ofan ideal gas under adiabatic condition from the following. @ q#0,aT= (b) AT#0,w=0 (©) q=0,AT=0,w=0 (@) q=0,AT<0,w#0 (Main 1 Feb 1* Shift 2024) 29. Given: (A) 2C0g + Org) 20029 + -x kj mol” (B) Capac) + Ox) CO: AHS =-y K mol ‘The AH? for the reaction 1 Cornet 5 On) > Cen is ary OS Oy @ “ (@) 2-x (Main 10" April 1* Shift 2023) | | 32. | Wis JEE (Man & Advanced) Chapterwise Topiyi 30, Cy) + Oxg— COxg + 400K) 33. 37. |. at2s* Cand L atm pressure, the enthalpies, ee c+ Hay —>C0t 1008) ‘When coal of purty 60% is allowed to by MTrasuelnt oxygen, 60% of carbon ig cou ‘CO’ and the remaining is converted into ‘Go eo rat generated when 0.6 kg of coal ig po: (eo () 32008 (6) acon) (ps in 29 July nd Sty x = amo |) 56, n are as given below Soames | H ha) 60 | ‘The enthalpy of formation of ethane is (a) +540KJ mot! (©) -68.01) mop (©) -860K) mol" @ som b (Main 24° June 2g, ‘At25*Cand1 see a tena I mar cof benzene (2) and acetylene (g) are ~3268 j 1300 kJ mol", respectively. The change in the reaction 3C;H3) —> CoHanis Sat ia (a) 4324K mi @) 632k) (632K) mol" @ 72m | (Main 25" June 2% gy. Five moles ofan ideal gas at 1 bar and 298 ki, into vacuum to double the volume. The work doe iy (@) ero () Cur,-7) a © -RTIn VIM, (@) -RNV,-y,) hain # Sept 245 Lattice enthalpy and enthalpy of solution of, 788 kj mot"! and 4 kJ mol", respectively. The yt enthalpy of NaClis "= e (@) -780K) mot! (©) -784K) mot (6) 780%} mot (@) 784k) mot (Main 5 Sept 2 sup Ifenthalpy of tomisation for Bra is x kl/mo ang enthalpy for Br, isy kJ/mol, the relation between @) isey (@) isx= (Main Jan Sit Forsilver, C,(JK"' mol”) =23 + 0.01 T. Ifthe (1) of 3 moles of silver is raised from 300 K to In, atm pressure the value of AH will be closeto | @ BY 0) 6K) ©) ek) @ ay (Main 8 April i ‘Which one of the following equations does not cor 2 he (@) Adiabatic process : AU: (6) Isochoric process : AU = 4 (©) Isothermal process Ww (@) Cydlic process:q=—w (Main 8 April Sif oosa eat gas at 100 Kare allowed to undergo | oof mn GCE sion till its temperature becomes | es ‘Ki molt, calculate AU and ApV for = nol!) | | in 8 April 2% Shift 2019) | ression of @ spring the work done is | ‘escaped to the surrounding as heat. The nergy AU (ink) is | 08 @-2 | (Main 9 April 2™ shift 2019) cebetween MH and AU(AH- AU), when the ifr one mole of heptane (1) is carried out ata sti” Fis equal to care Te () -4RT (4) 3RT (Main 10" April 2" shift 2019) sublimation of iodine is 24 cal g” at ie fic heat of ayy Nd Iayp) are0.055 and 0.031 Perapectvely then enthalpy of sublimation of (© 57d) 285 (Main 12" April 1* Shift 2019) | gent gas is alowed to expand from 1 L to 101 an it a constant external pressure of 1 bar. The work ‘Br in Kis @ #00 a (©) 20 @) -90 (Main 12 April 1* Shift 2019) consider the reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal e inva closed system at two different temperatures T; 5 7, (Ti < 7). The correct graphical depiction of the dependence of (b) -0.9 f work done (w) on the final volume (V) is Nm in | @ [v () I, 7; | av mV t Ts Ty (om J @m 4 av av | (Main 9" Jan 1* Shift 2019) 44, An ideal gas undergoes isothermal compression from 5 m? to 1 m? against a constant external pressure of 4N m7, Heat released in this process is used to increase the temperature of 1 mole of Al. If molar heat capacity | of Al is 24 J mol""K~+, the temperature of Al increases by @ 2K @ 1K © 3K @ 3K (Main 10" Jan 2 Shift 2019) 45, 46, | 49. 51. An ideal figure 153 Given ; w@ Con * Ong)» COxgs AH = xij mot! qi 1 (1) Cpe) + Ox > CO: AAP = y KI molt i l ) CO + Oxy > COngs AH = z kf mot! paren tHE above thermochemical equations find Sertich on ofthe following algebraic elationshis (@) zex4y @ aye (b) x=y-2 (@ y=22-x Th (Main 12" Jan 2" Shift 2019) X combustion of benzene (2) gives CO and Hi0.0- Given that heat of combustion of benzene at constant ‘alume is -3263.9 kf mot" at 25 °C; heat of combus- ‘on (ink) mot) of benzene at constant pressure will be (R=8314)K" mot!) (@) 41526 (b) 452.43 (@) 3260 (d) 3267.6 (Main 2018) aS undergoes a cyclic process as shown in ‘SKI mol", q43=2k) mol, 5k mol, Wea = 3k} mot! Heat absorbed by the system during Vv rocess CA is (@) 18k] mor! (©) -SK} mol" (b) +5kI mol (@) -18kj mot (Main Online 2018) For which ofthe following reactions, AH is equal to AU? (a) 2NOr) > N,0up (©) 2Hy > Hag + hyp © +01) > 809) (@) Nag +3Hyiy—>2NHyq (Main Online 2018) Given, Cgrphte) + Ong) > COr,)5 Ap = - 393.5 k} mol"! 1 Haig) +5 Ong) —9 H20 (nA, HP=-285.8 kJ mol" CO sgy + 2H,0)) > CH yy) + 2035 ‘A,H? = + 890.3 kJ mol” Based on the above thermochemical equations, the value of A,FP at 298 K for the reaction, (graphite) + 2Hay) > CH will be (a) 74.8) mol" (b) -144.0kj molt (©) +748K) mot! (@) #14404) mort (Main 2017) . AUiis equal to (a) adiabatic work (b) isothermal work (© isochoric work (@) isobaric work. (Main 2017) For a reaction, A —> Ag; AH = ~3RT. The correct statement forthe reaction is (a) [AH] < [aU (bo) AH=AaU+0 (© [AH] > au} (d) AH=AU=0 (Main Online 2017)154 52. The enthalpy change on freezing of | mal of water at $°C | 59. Given toiceat-5°Cis | (Given: dgyH = 6 kJ mol" at °C, GCH30, D = 75.3) mol G,0, 58 J mol"! K~!) (2) 5.81k) mol" (b) 656k} mo"! (©) 600k) mot (@) 544k) mot | (Main Online 2017) ‘53. A gas undergoes change from state A to state B. In this Process, the heat absorbed and work done by the gas is 5 J and 8 J, respectively. Now gas is brought back to 4 by another process during which 3 J of heat is evolved. In | this reverse process of B to. A | (@) 10] ofthe work willbe done by the surrounding on g25 (©) 10) ofthe work will be done by the gas (©). 6 ofthe work willbe dane by the surrounding on gs 1e work will be done by the gas. (@)_ 6 J of the work will be: ore Ontne 2017) | 54, Theheats of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are -393.5 and -263.5 KI mol” respectively. The heat of | formation (in k)) of carbon monoxide per mole is (@) 105 (b) 676.5 () 6765 (@) -1105 (Main 2016, AIEEE 2004) | 555. 1f 100 moles of H,O; decompose at 1 bar and 300 K, the | ‘work done (kJ) by one mole of Ong) as it expands against 1 bar pressureis (R= 83) K! mot") 21,0 2 2H:0)+ Or0 (a) 12450 (b) 24900 (c) 498.00 (d) 6225 (Main Online 2016) 56, The heat of atomization of methane and ethane are 360 Kj/mol and 620 kJ/mol, respectively. ‘The longest | wavelength of light capable of breaking the C - C bond is | (Avogadro number = 6.02 x 10%, h=662%10™Js) | @) 149x110 am (b) 248 x10°am (©) 248% 10'nm (@) 149% 10'nm (Main Online 2015) 57. For complete combustion of ethanol, GH,OHg + 3039) 2CO) + 3H,04 the amount of heat produced as measured in bomb calorimeter, is 1364.47 kJ mol"! at 25°C. Assuming | ideality the enthalpy of combustion, A,H, forthe reaction | will be (R= 8,314 kJ mol!) (a) -1350.50k) mol! —(b) ~1366.95 kj mol” (©) ~1361.95k} mol" —(d) -1460.50k} mol! | (Main 2014) 58. A piston filled with 0.04 mol of an ideal gas expands reversibly from 50.0 mL to 375 mL at a constant | temperature of 37°C. As it does $0, it absorbs 208 J of | heat. The values of q and w for the process will be | (R= 8314 J/mol K) (In 7.5 = 2.01) (a) q= +208), w=+208)(b) q= +208), 208) | (c) =~ 208), w=~ 208] (a) q=-208),w=+ 208) | (Main 2013) | wire JEE Mah & Aavenst) ONES Top 60. 61. 62, The standard enthalpy of formation of 1 ~ (A) Hyp + F0%0 7 #2005 Fae =~ 55, 1 (B) Hag + 50207 HOw ay aK =~ 241, ‘of vapourisation of wana ©) 220Kj me vag (@) 5277 Kj mop (Main On, ‘The standard enthalpies of formation of co") and glucose) at 25 °C are 400 K/mo,-309 0h, 1300 Kj/mol, respectively. The standarg *!/mi° | combustion per grim of glucose at 25° jg “Thal, | (@) +2900kF (©) ~ 2900) (© -1611K) @ +161 Using the data provided, calculate ane tg 2 energy (in kJ mol") of aC = C bond in cb be, energy is (take the bond energy of a Cy mm & 350K] mot”). 3 2Cyy + Hyg —> CrHaygi AH = 225 KJ molt 2Cjy —9 2g; AH = 1410 kJ mol Hig; AH = 330K} mot () 837 (@) ais ‘The molar entha (a) 241.8) mol (©) 441k] mol" OTT RE ay | * -46 kJ mol" Ifthe enthalpy of formation of gr? 63. 64, 65. atoms is ~436 kJ mol” and that of Np is -719 jj the average bond enthalpy of N—H bond in Nii, (@) =1102kJ mol" (b) = 964) mot!” (©) +352K) mol” (@)_ +1056 kj mot AIEEE 2) The species which by definition has zero standarg Moly | enthalpy of formation at 298 K is @ Brg ©) Ch (©) HO» () cH, (788 2 Oxidising power of chlorine in aqueous solution can, determined by the parameters indicated below: 7 2g PAs chy A cy Aes, The energy involved in the conversion of 1/2 Clyy i lag (using data, Aga Hay 240 KJ mot") will be (a) +120K) mol? (b)_ +152kj mol (© -610K] mol" (d) -850kJ mol (AIEEE 2009 1 ‘Assuming that water vapour is an ideal gas, the intemal ‘energy change (AU) when 1 mol of water is vapourisel at 1 bar pressure and 100°C, (given : molar enthalpy of vapourisation of water at I bar and 373 K = 41 KJ mol! and R = 8:3 J mol” K") will be (a) 41.00kJ mol (b) 4.100 kj mol" () 3.7904 kj mol" (@) 37.904 kj mol” (AIEEE 2007) Haseeno1 ‘is 1) 0) be M) of carbon monoxide (CO) R= 8.314) K! mol") )) 1238.78 J mol" (8) 247757) mot! (AIEEE 2006) the following processes are ation mols gates for iodine and chlorine anda dard enthalpy of formation for (b) -168) mot (@) +2481 mot! (AIEEE 2006) rf to expand both reversibly and Ciara system. If T, is the initial in a ie the final temperature, which of the Us is correct? > (Ter ¢ “iversible process but Ty = T, for hi 3j > gple process OT ersibl se (Tpit @ @) 4 forboth reversible and irreversible processes. qe @ thalpy of formation (AH/) at 298 K ‘The Sta B 748 kJ mol". The additional © ge metbaO® wired to determine the average energy jaformatio® nd formation would be mee Gesociation energy of Hy and enthalpy of @ of carbon oy ete ‘of vaporisation of methane (2 to ron gain enthalpy of hydrogen eeefiaociation energy of hydrogen molecule, Hy. @ (AIEEE 2006) the bond dissociation energies of XY, X; and Yq (all 70, Ui the bow clecules) are in the ratio of 1: 1 : 0.5 and atomic mole ior te formation of XY is -200 kJ mol, the bond Jeocation energy of X, will be (@ 100K) mol" (b) 200.kJ mot"! © ‘800 kJ mol” (d) 400 kj mol“ (AIEEE 2005) 71. Consider the reaction: N, + 3H, —> 2NH; carried out at ‘constant temperature and pressure. If AH and AUare the enthalpy and internal energy changes for the reaction, which ofthe following expressions is true? (@) AH=0 (b) AH=AU (0 AH AU(AIEEE 2005) (AIEEE 2006) | | 73. 74, | 25, four ionisation energies of carbon and 75, 2. . If at 298 K the bo a 155, 3) ~900 @ amy Cesc ‘Two moles of, an ideal gas is expanded Teves from tine Ve @ Thais "Process an ) -11.4K5 = (d) 48k) (IIT-JEE 2004) By change when asystem ‘02640 kino ithe aera toes Rear Ato Bby ® path uh Pat and returns to state A by an irreversible G) Aoi ube the net change in internal energy? J () >40ky (©) <40kj (d) Zero “ (AIEEE 2003) upon the =” “Hatge for a reaction does not depend (2) Physical states of (©) eof diferen (c) Nature of intermediate (@) iferenceininitialor inal tempers final temperatures of involved substances, (AIEEE 2003) (AIEEE 2004) {sothermally and at 300 K. The enthalpy Teactants and products nd energies of C — H, C— C, C=C Wyatt Hibonds are respectively 414, 347, 615 and 435 mol”, the value of enthalpy change for the reaction, HC=CHyy+ Tse tags Hae PHC — Cihag (42508) () -250kF Soot (@) -1254) (AIEEE 2003) Which ofthe reaction defines AH? @ Caamenss* Ox) —>COr4) © 1 ZHag) + 3Fx— PHF © Nay) 38x —>2NH ye) @ C0%)+}0xp—>COyg)__(IIT-JEE 2003) One mole ofa non-idea gas a change of state (2.0 atm, 3.0 L, 95 K) + (4.0 atm, 5.0 L, 245 K) with a ‘change in internal energy, AU = 30.0 L atm. The change {in enthalpy (AH) of the process in L atm is (@ 400 ) 423 () 440 (@) not defined, because pressure is not constant. (IT-JEE 2002) ‘The AF? for CO24y CO and HOw) are ~393.5, 110.5 and -241.8 kJ mol respectively. The standard enthalpy change (in kJ) for reaction Omg) + Hag > C0w + HOw is (@) 524.1 (b) 41.2 (©) 2625 (@ -41.2 (IT-JEE 2000) 80, Molar heat capacity of water in equilibrium with ice at 7. An ideal gas expands in volume from 1 x 10° m? to | 1x 107 m? at 300 K against a constant pressure of 1x 10°N m, The work done is. constant pressure is. (a) zero (b) infinity (@) (©) 40.45 kj Kt mol (@) 75481) K* molt (UT-JEE 1997)