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Motherboard Parts and Functions

The document outlines the main components and functions of a motherboard, including the roles of the Northbridge and Southbridge in connecting the CPU to RAM and I/O devices. It also describes various interfaces like PCI, PCIe, and AGP, as well as essential components such as the CMOS battery, jumpers, CPU, heatsink, RAM, PSU, and capacitors. Each part is crucial for the overall functionality and performance of a computer system.

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edgar siglos
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24 views2 pages

Motherboard Parts and Functions

The document outlines the main components and functions of a motherboard, including the roles of the Northbridge and Southbridge in connecting the CPU to RAM and I/O devices. It also describes various interfaces like PCI, PCIe, and AGP, as well as essential components such as the CMOS battery, jumpers, CPU, heatsink, RAM, PSU, and capacitors. Each part is crucial for the overall functionality and performance of a computer system.

Uploaded by

edgar siglos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTHERBOARD PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

1. A motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects and allows
communication between all components like the CPU, memory, storage, and
peripherals.

2. Northbridge Functions:

 Connects CPU to RAM


 Connects CPU to graphics card (GPU)
 Manages high-speed data transfer

3. Southbridge Functions:

 Manages input/output (I/O) devices


 Controls USB, audio, and network connections
 Handles hard drives and SATA ports
 Connects slower peripherals to the CPU

4. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Functions:

 Connects expansion cards (like sound cards, network cards) to the motherboard
 Allows communication between the CPU and added hardware
 Supports plug-and-play device installation

5. PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) Functions:

 Connects high-speed components like GPUs, SSDs, and network cards


 Provides faster data transfer than PCI
 Uses lanes (x1, x4, x8, x16) for scalable speed and performance

6. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port):

 A high-speed connection used to attach a graphics card to the motherboard.


 Faster than PCI for graphics tasks.
 Mostly replaced by PCIe today.

7. CMOS Battery:

 Powers the CMOS chip that stores BIOS settings (like date, time, and hardware
configuration) when the computer is off.
 Helps retain important system information.

8. Jumpers:

 Small connectors on the motherboard used to configure settings like resetting BIOS or
setting the motherboard's mode.
 Typically used to enable or disable specific hardware features.
9. CPU (Central Processing Unit):

 The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing
calculations.
 It handles tasks, processes data, and runs programs.

10. Heatsink:

 A device that dissipates heat away from the CPU or other components to prevent
overheating.
 Often made of metal with fins to increase surface area for better cooling.

11. RAM (Random Access Memory):

 Temporary memory that stores data and programs currently in use by the CPU.
 Provides fast access to data, improving system performance.
 Data is lost when the computer is turned off.

12. PSU (Power Supply Unit):

 Converts electrical power from a wall outlet into usable power for the computer's
components.
 Provides the necessary voltage and current to parts like the motherboard, CPU, and
GPU.

13. Capacitors:

 Electronic components that store and release electrical energy.


 Help stabilize voltage, filter noise, and smooth power supply to components like the
CPU and RAM.

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