Is 14818 2000
Is 14818 2000
Indian Standard
CEREALS AND PULSES AND MILLED PRODUCTS -
SAMPLING OF STATIC BATCHES
ICS 67.060
0 BIS 2000
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard which is identical with IS0 13690:1999 ‘Cereals, pulses and milled products -
Sampling of static batches’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted
by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Foodgrains and Foodgrain Industries
and Starches Sectional Committee and approval of the Food and Agriculture Division Council.
Requirements for sampling of foodgrains, pulses and milled cereal products were earlier covered in
IS 2814 : 1978 ‘Method for sampling of smaller size foodgrains ( first revision )‘, IS 3714 : 1978 ‘Methods
for sampling of bigger size foodgrains ( first revision )’ and IS 5315 : 1978 ‘Methods of sampling for
milled cereals and pulses ( first revision)‘. These standards were based on the earlier IS0 recommendation
on the subject. During the review of these standards, it was decided to align the text with the corresponding
IS0 Standard, which had been updated and revised as .a single amalgamated standard, IS0 13690.
Therefore, this standard has been revised as a single comprehensive standard, superseding IS 2814,
IS 3714 and IS 5315.
This standard also covers various sampling instruments used for sampling of cereals, pulses and milled
products. These requirements were earlier covered in IS 2815 : 1964 ‘Slotted tube sampler’, IS 2818 :
1964 ‘Grain sampler ( PARKHl type )‘, IS 2821 : 1964 ‘Therm0 sampler’, IS 3729 : 1966 ‘Corn sampler
( PARKHl type )’ and IS 4940 : 1968 ‘Sample divider’, which were reviewed and have been superseded in
the light of above.
Consequently IS 2814, IS 2815, IS 2816, IS 2821, IS 3714, IS 3729, IS 4940 and IS 5315 are withdrawn.
In the adopted standard certain terminology and conventions are not identical to those used in the Indian
Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’appear referring to this standard, they should be read
as ‘Indian Standard’; and
b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to
use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.
In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,
observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 :1960 ‘Rules for
rounding off numerical values ( revised)‘.
IS 14818:2000
IS0 13690:1999
Indian Standard
CEREALS AND PULSES AND MILLED PRODUCTS -
SAMPLING OF STATIC BATCHES
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies general conditions relating to sampling for the assessment of the quality of
cereals, pulses and milled products from cereals and pulses (hereinafter called “grain”), in bulk or in bags, but
excluding pellets.
It is applicable to the manual or mechanical sampling of static bulk grain up to a depth of 3 m. For static bulks
exceeding 3 m in depth up to a maximum depth of 12 m, it is necessary to use mechanical sampling methods. For
bulk grain exceeding 12 m in depth it is necessary to sample grain when flowing. This latter sampling method is also
applicable for all depths of bulk grain (see IS0 6644).
This International Standard is not applicable to seed grain, nor does it apply to sampling for testing for hidden
infestation. It is not applicable to flowing grain.
This International Standard is not applicable for certain sampling requirements (e.g. microbiological, mycotoxin and
pesticide residue analysis). In these cases, it is recommended that the parties concerned come to an agreement.
NOTE 1 Sampling of seed grain is covered by rules established by~the International Seed Testing Association.
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
consignment
physical quantity of grain on offer, dispatched or received at one time, and covered by a particular contract or
shipping document; it may be composed of one or more lots
2.2
lot
stated portion of the consignment whose quality is to beassessed
2.3
increment
small equal quantity of grain taken from each individual sampling point in the lot, throughout the full depth of the lot
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laden ,
term to describe a partly or completely full state, as for wagon, lorry, barge or ship
2.5
bulk sample
quantity of grain obtained by combining and mixing the increments taken from a specific lot
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2.6
laboratory sample
quantity of grain removed from the bulk sample and intended for analysis or other examination
3 General princi~ples
3.1 Samples should be taken jointly by representatives of the buyer and seller or by a sampling superintendent
appointed jointly.
3.2 Samples shall be as representative as possible of the lots from which they are taken. Therefore, as the
composition of a lot is seldom uniform, a sufficient number of increments shall be taken and carefully mixed, thus
giving a bulk sample from which the laboratory samples (see 8.3) are obtained by successive divisions or otherwise.
NOTE A sampling scheme for consignments of more than 100 bags is given in annex A.
3.3 It is normal practice that grain which is sea-damaged or otherwise damaged in transit, or is out of condition, is
kept separate from the sound grain and is sampled separately. Samples of unsound material shall not be mixed with
samples of sound material and shall be identified and quantified (see clause 11).
3.4 Special care is necessary to ensure that all sampling apparatus is clean, dry and free fromforeign odours.
3.5 Sampling shall be carried out in such a ~manner as to protect the samples, sampling instruments, and the
containers in which the samples are placed, from contamination from rain, dust, etc. If walking on grain cannot be
avoided, precautions in the form of protective clothing should be taken to prevent contamination of the grain.
4 Instruments
4.1 General
Many different types of instrument are available. Those given in annex B and their dimensions are included,
therefore, solely as a guide. Annex C is included to help in the selection of suitable sampling instruments. It is
known that use~of the various types of equipment can give rise to differing samples from the same lot.
Where possible, the type of equipment to be used and the procedures for its use shall be determined by agreement
between the parties concerned.
All instruments used shall be suitable for the product being sampled.
Use appropriate apparatus for obtaining increments from static bulk (e.g. hand-held spears, mechanical or air-
assisted apparatus).
The location and time of sampling shall be determined by agreement between the parties concerned.
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6.1 General
Unless otherwise specified in the contract, consignments shall be considered in lots of a maximum of 500 t or such
part thereof as constitutes a single consignment.
62.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or unless the practice-at the port or elsewhere requires otherwise,
increments shall be taken from different parts of a bag (for example top, middle and bottom) by means of a
sack/bag spear from the number of bags specified in Table 1.
UptolO Each~bag
a See annex A.
6.2.2 Prepacked units are ustially transported in outer cases or cartons containing a convenient number of units.
The procedure applicable to bags (described in 6.2.1) shall be used to determine the appropriate number of outer
cases or cartons to be sampled. If the total number of outer cases or cartons in the consignments does not exceed
1000, only one prepacked unit shall be taken from each of the outer cases taken for sampling.
6.2.3 Care shall be taken to ensure that a prepacked unit is taken in a random manner from the entire contents of
the outer case or carton for sampling.
The selection of prepacked,units occupying the same corresponding position in a number of outer cases or cartons
shall be avoided.
6.3.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, each laden wagon, lorry, barge or ship shall be sampled.
-6.3.2 increments shall be taken throughout the whole depth of the lot. Suggested patterns are as follows.
a) Up to 15 t: 5 sampling points
I-: . :1
b) From 15 t to 30 t: 8 sampling points
/:I
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When using mechanical samplers, increments shall be taken from a minimum of three different sampling points.
6.3.3 If the type of wagon, vessel or commodity does not .allow samples to be taken in this manner, or if there is a
separate agreement between the buyer and seller, the grains shall be sampled during discharge of the
wagon/vessel.
6.4.1 increments shall be taken throughout the whole depth of the lot. A suitable instrument must Abe used to
achieve this requirement. If the depth of the lot does not permit use of this method, sampling should be carried out
from the flowing cereal in accordance with IS0 6644.
6.4.2 The grain should be sampled using a grid system, for example similar to that used for rail/road wagons,
barges or ships (6.3.2).
6.4.3 Sufficient increments should be taken to satisfy the requirements given in 6.4.4.
Take the square root of the tonnage in the static~bulk. Divide by two and round up to the next whole number. This is
the minimum number of increments that is to be obtained. If circumstances dictate that more increments are
required to obtain fair average samples of the static bulk, then more shall be taken. They shall be obtained from
samples taken randomly from different positions in the bulk. For examples, see Table 2.
500 22,4 12
1 000 31,6 16
2 000 44,7 23
4 000 63,2 32
6 000 77,4 39
6 000 89,4 45
10 000 100 50
7 Bulk sample
The bulk sample shall be formed by combining the increments and mixing them thoroughly.
8 Laboratory sample
Divide the bulk sample to obtain the required number of laboratory samples by coning and quartering orby using
one of the sample dividers described in 8.1.2.1 to 8.1.2.3.
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Mix the sample thoroughly on a clean non-absorbent surface. Draw the grain into a conical heap. Flatten the top of
the heap and divide into quarters.
Reject the two diagonally opposite quarters (B and C) and mix the remaining two (A and D). See Figure 1.
Repeat the complete process until the required laboratory sample is obtained.
Pour the bulk sample along the length of the hopper. Two equal sub-samples are separated in the two bottom
troughs. Discard the sample from one trough. Repeat this procedure as many times as is necessary to obtain the
required laboratory sample.
f) Pour the contents of the saved full receptacle into the hopper.
Repeat procedures b) to f) as many times as is necessary to obtain the required laboratory sample.
Activate the divider. Pour the bulk sample into the top hopper. Laboratory samples are collected in removable
receptacles.
The number of laboratory samples to be taken for analysis and arbitration shall be specified in the contract or
otherwise agreed between the patties concerned.
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The-size of the laboratory samples will be determined by the type and requirements of the tests to be undertaken.
Generally it is a minimum of 1 kg (3 kg for milled products).
9.1.1 The laboratory samples shall be packed in containers suitable for the purpose, bearing in mind the tests to
be undertaken.
9.1.2 Samples for the determination of moisture content, or for other tests in .which it is important to avoid the loss
of volatile matter (for example, examination for evidence of chemical treatment), shall be packed fin moisture-tight
containers and stored appropriately. The containers shall be completely filled and the closures shall be sealed to
prevent loosening or tampering.
9.1.3 The bags and other containers shall carry the seal of each sampler.
9.2.1 If paper labels are used for the samples, they shall be of a suitably high quality for the purpose. If there are
eyelet holes on the tabels, these shall be reinforced.
If the grain has a high moisture content, then special moisture-resistant labels shall be used.
A duplicate label may be included in the sample container provided that the sample is not intended for the
determination of moisture content or the content of some other ingredients. If the inside label could modify the result
of these determinations, the label should be fixed or glued on the outer part of the container. The information may
also be written directly on the bags containing the samples.
The information, written on the labels or directly on the bags, shall be indelibly marked, using a marker which will
not cause any odour in the sample.
9.2.2 The information shall include such~of the following items as are required by the terms of the contract:
c) point of departure;
e) destination;
9) quantity of consignment;
0 type of goods;
k) name of seller;
m) name of buyer;
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0) date of sampling;
10 Dispatch of samples
Laboratory samples shall be dispatched as soon as possible, or at time to be fixed in the contract. Whenever
possible, samples should be kept and transported at a temperature below 15 “C, out of direct sunlight and in a non-
humid location.
11 Sampling report
If a sampling report is prepared, besides giving the usual information it shall make reference to the condition of the
grain sampled, including signs of insect, mite or rodent infestation visible.at the time of sampling in the warehouse
or silo, or during work carried out on the vessel or other carrier during sampling.
.
The report shall also refer to the sampling technique used, if this is other than described in this International
Standard, and all circumstances that may have influenced sampling.
When operating in a potentially dusty environment, a suitable respirator shall be worn. It is essential to wear gloves
and to wash hands after sampling crops which may have been treated with chemicals.
WARNING: It is hazardous to walk on grain stored in bins, ships’ holds, silos and lorries, and local
regulations and legislation, and industry safety standards, shall be adhered to.
In certain cases the atmosphere in silos can be asphyxiating or toxic due to the build-up of gases from
grain and fungal metabolism.
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Annex A
(normative)
The consignment shall be divided into (n - 1) groups containing n or (n - 1) bags; the remaining bags constitute a
group.
EXAMPLES
-_ draw up a list from 1 to 14; cross out one number, for example 7;
- the remaining group (i.e. 4) is smaller than 14 bags, sdsample one bag from this group at random.
- the remaining group (i.e. 20) is smaller than 45 bags, so sample one bag from this group at random.
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Annex B
(informative)
NOTE The type of equipment to be used and the procedures for its use should be determined by agreement between the
parties concerned.
B.l.l instruments for sampling from static bulk, -tote bins and rigid containers
a) Open handle: single and multi-aperture [see Figure B.la) and B.l b)].
Minimum bore size for items B.l .l .l and B.l .1.2: 20 mm diameter.
8.1.2 Instruments for sampling from sacks and bags including bulk bags
These are as for cereals (B.1.2) but bore and aperture dimensions should be appropriate to the size of the pulses
to be sampled.
These are as for cereals (B.l .l), with the exception of mechanical samples.
For mechanical samplers, only two types are suitable for milled products:
These are manufactured from materials which wilt not contaminate the samples.
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This instrument should not be used for division of pulses because damage to samples may occur.
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i_’
Key
1
2
Extension rod
Tchandle
4.
b) Cup type (head shown in open position)
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a) Gravity sampler
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Annex C
(informative)
Table C.l - Instruments for different types of product and storage states
Storage state
Cereal grains Flour and other milled
and pulses products
Bags and sacks (woven fibre, B.2a), B.2b) B.4b), BAc), B.4d)
paper and plastic) B.4a), B.4b), BAc), B.4d) B.5
c) Mechanical samplers:
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d) Sack samplers:
e) Mechanical samplers:
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Bibliography
[1] IS0 6639-2, Cereals and pulses - Determination of hidden insect infestation - Part 2: Sampling.
[2] IS0 6644, Cereals and milled cereal products - Automatic sampling by mechanical means.
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Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to ’
connected~matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. FAD 16 ( 758 ).