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Instructional Design Concepts Methodologies Tools and
Applications 1st Edition Information Resources
Management Association Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Information Resources Management Association
ISBN(s): 9781609605032, 1609605039
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 69.65 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
Instructional Design:
Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications

Information Resources Management Association

USA

INFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE

Hershey • New York
Senior Editorial Director: Kristin Klinger
Director of Book Publications: Julia Mosemann
Editorial Director: Lindsay Johnston
Acquisitions Editor: Erika Caarter
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Content Systems Analyst: Devvin Earnest
Developing Editor Chris Wozniak
Assistant Production Editor: Deanna Jo Zombro
Typesetters: Michael Brehm, Keith Glazewski, Natalie Pronio, Milan Vracarich, Jr., Deanna Zombro
Cover Design: Nick Newcomer

Published in the United States of America by

Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)
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Hershey PA 17033
Tel: 717-533-8845
Fax: 717-533-8661
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference

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Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies
does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Instructional design : concepts, methodologies, tools and applications / Information Resources Management Association, Editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60960-503-2 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-60960-504-9 (ebook) 1.
Instructional systems--Design. I. Information Resources Management
Association.
LB1028.38.I558 2011
371.33'4--dc22
2011003218

British Cataloguing in Publication Data

A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.

All work contributed to this book set is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of
the publisher.
Editor-in-Chief
Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, DBA
Editor-in-Chief
Contemporary Research in Information Science and Technology, Book Series

Associate Editors
Steve Clarke
University of Hull, UK

Murray E. Jennex
San Diego State University, USA

Annie Becker
Florida Institute of Technology USA

Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
University of Tampere, Finland

Editorial Advisory Board

Sherif Kamel
American University in Cairo, Egypt

In Lee
Western Illinois University, USA

Jerzy Kisielnicki
Warsaw University, Poland

Keng Siau
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

Amar Gupta
Arizona University, USA

Craig van Slyke

University of Central Florida, USA

John Wang
Montclair State University, USA

Vishanth Weerakkody
Brunel University, UK
 Additional Research Collections found in the
“Contemporary Research in Information Science and Technology”
Book Series
Data Mining and Warehousing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications
John Wang, Montclair University, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-60566-056-1

Electronic Business: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

In Lee, Western Illinois University • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-943-4

Electronic Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

S. Ann Becker, Florida Institute of Technology, USA • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-943-4

Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko, University of Tampere, Finland • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-947-2

Knowledge Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Murray E. Jennex, San Diego State University, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-933-5

Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Craig Van Slyke, University of Central Florida, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-949-6

Intelligent Information Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Vijayan Sugumaran, Oakland University, USA • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-941-0

Information Security and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Hamid Nemati, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-937-3

Medical Informatics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Joseph Tan, Wayne State University, USA • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-60566-050-9

Mobile Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

David Taniar, Monash University, Australia • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-60566-054-7

Multimedia Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Syed Mahbubur Rahman, Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA • 3-volume set • ISBN 978-1-60566-054-7

Virtual Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Jerzy Kisielnicki, Warsaw University, Poland • 3-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-955-7

Free institution-wide online access with the purchase of a print collection!

INFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE

Hershey • New York
Order online at www.igi-global.com or call 717-533-8845 ext.100
Mon–Fri 8:30am–5:00 pm (est) or fax 24 hours a day 717-533-7115
List of Contributors

Abrami, Philip C. \ CSLP, Concordia University, Canada................................................................ 789

Ahmed, Ali \ University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, USA.................................................................... 972
Angel, Roma \ Appalachian State University, USA............................................................................ 679
Anolli, Luigi \ CESCOM, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy........................................................ 1245
Aworuwa, Bosede \ Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USA.............................................................. 95
Baek, Eun-ok \ California State University, San Bernardino, USA..................................................... 18
Baggio, Bobbe \ Advantage Learning Technologies, USA................................................................ 1755
Barnett, Marion \ Buffalo State College, USA................................................................................... 888
Barrón, Ángela \ University of Salamanca, Spain............................................................................... 71
Bartsch, Robert A. \ University of Houston - Clear Lake, USA....................................................... 1237
Belanich, James \ U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social Sciences, USA............... 464
Beldarrain, Yoany \ Florida Virtual School, USA............................................................................ 1755
Bernsteiner, Reinhard \ University for Health Sciences, Austria...................................................... 583
Bethel, Edward C. \ Concordia University, Canada.......................................................................... 789
Blake, Adam \ University of Auckland, New Zealand........................................................................ 817
Bodie, Graham \ Purdue University, USA........................................................................................ 1689
Boot, Eddy \ TNO Human Factors, The Netherlands....................................................................... 1793
Bowman, Joseph \ University at Albany/SUNY, USA....................................................................... 1472
Brinthaupt, Thomas M. \ Middle Tennessee State University, USA................................................ 1228
Bronack, Stephen C. \ Appalachian State University, USA............................................................... 679
Browning, Christine \ Western Michigan University, USA.............................................................. 1847
Byrd, C. Noel \ Virginia Tech, USA.................................................................................................... 620
Caeiro-Rodríguez, Manuel \ University of Vigo, Spain..................................................................... 718
Caladine, Richard \ University of Wollongong, Australia............................................................... 1, 41
Calinger, Manetta \ Center for Educational Technologies®, Wheeling Jesuit University,
USA.............................................................................................................................................. 1880
Cannon-Bowers, Jan \ University of Central Florida, USA.............................................................. 431
Cargil, David \ Louisiana Tech University, USA................................................................................ 870
Carroll, Malissa Marie \ University of Maryland – Baltimore County, USA.................................... 880
Cartelli, Antonio \ University of Cassino, Italy.................................................................................... 34
Casimiro, Lynn \ University of Ottawa, Canada................................................................................ 998
Chandran, Ravi \ National University of Singapore, Singapore..................................................... 1892
Chen, Irene \ University of Houston – Downtown, USA.................................................... 80, 162, 1259
Chen, Ching-Huei \ Center for Educational Technologies®, Wheeling Jesuit University,
USA.............................................................................................................................................. 1880
Cheney, Amy \ Appalachian State University, USA............................................................................ 679
Chylinski, Renata \ Monash University, Australia............................................................................. 840
Cicciarelli, MarySue \ Duquesne University, USA.......................................................................... 1514
Clariana, Roy B. \ Pennsylvania State University, USA.................................................................... 238
Clayton, Maria A. \ Middle Tennessee State University, USA......................................................... 1228
Coleman, Susan \ Intellignet Decision Systems, Inc., USA................................................................ 431
Costagliola, Gennaro \ University of Salerno, Italy........................................................................... 742
Côté, Roger \ Concordia University, Canada..................................................................................... 789
Cummins, Carrice \ Louisiana Tech University, USA....................................................................... 870
Dadam, Y. \ Cardiff University, UK.................................................................................................. 1899
Dahl, Laura B. \ University of Utah, USA........................................................................................ 1771
Davis, Rita \ Eastern Kentucky University, USA................................................................................ 101
De Faveri, Daniela \ Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland.............................................. 1793
Dede, Chris \ Harvard University, USA.............................................................................................. 480
Delfino, Manuela \ Institute for Educational Technology - Italian National Research Council,
Italy................................................................................................................................................ 359
Derntl, Michael \ University of Vienna, Austria................................................................................. 758
Diamond, Bruce J. \ William Paterson University, USA.................................................................. 1191
Dick, Martin \ RMIT University, Australia....................................................................................... 1341
Dielmann, Kim B. \ University of Central Arkansas, USA ............................................................. 1211
Doherty, Iain \ University of Auckland, New Zealand........................................................................ 817
Doolittle, Peter E. \ Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, USA........................... 620, 1564
Douglas, Ian \ Florida State University, USA................................................................................... 1537
Draude, Barbara J. \ Middle Tennessee State University, USA....................................................... 1228
Driskell, Shannon O. \ University of Dayton, USA.......................................................................... 1847
Dubbels, Brock \ Center for Cognitive Studies, Literacy Education, University of Minnesota,
Department of Curriculum & Instruction, USA.......................................................................... 1104
Dybkjær, Laila \ NISLab, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark............................................. 541
Edmundson, Andrea L. \ eWorld Learning, Inc., USA.................................................................... 1159
Eldukhuri, E.E. \ Cardiff University, UK......................................................................................... 1899
Elfessi, Abdulaziz \ University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, USA......................................................... 972
Emurian, Henry H. \ University of Maryland – Baltimore County, USA.......................................... 880
Fang, Houbin \ The University of Southern Mississippi, USA......................................................... 1487
Feldmesser, Kim \ University of Brighton, UK................................................................................ 1039
Felicia, Patrick \ University College Cork, Ireland.......................................................................... 1282
Fernandez, Felix \ ICF International, USA...................................................................................... 1472
Ferraris, Christine \ Université de Savoie, France............................................................................ 403
Ferrucci, Filomena \ University of Salerno, Italy.............................................................................. 742
Feurzeig, Wallace \ BBN Technologies, USA..................................................................................... 431
Fitch-Hauser, Margaret \ Auburn University, USA......................................................................... 1689
Frizell, Sherri S. \ Prairie View A&M University, USA..................................................................... 114
Galloway, Jerry P. \ Texas Wesleyan University, USA & University of Texas at Arlington,
USA.............................................................................................................................................. 1840
García, Francisco J. \ University of Salamanca, Spain....................................................................... 71
Gardner, Joel \ Utah State University, USA....................................................................................... 330
Gibbons, Andrew S. \ Brigham Young University, USA................................................................... 1921
Gilman, Regis M. \ Appalachian State University, USA.................................................................... 679
Graff, Martin \ University of Glamorgan, UK................................................................................. 1553
Grant, Michael \ University of Memphis, USA.................................................................................. 375
Greene, Courtney \ DePaul University, USA..................................................................................... 963
Hai-Jew, Shalin \ Kansas State University, USA.............................................................................. 1364
Hanewald, Ria \ La Trobe University, Melbourned, Australia........................................................... 840
Hao, Yungwei \ National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan............................................................ 607
Hartsell, Taralynn \ The University of Southern Mississippi, USA................................................. 1487
Hasen, Maurie \ Monash University, Australia................................................................................ 1341
Herner-Patnode, Leah \ Ohio State University, Lima, USA................................................................ 18
Herron, Sherry S. \ The University of Southern Mississippi, USA.................................................. 1487
Hewett, Stephenie \ The Citadel, USA............................................................................................... 192
Hill, Janis \ Louisiana Tech University, USA...................................................................................... 870
Hokanson, Brad \ University of Minnesota, USA.................................................................... 389, 1520
Holland, Janet \ Emporia State University, USA.............................................................................. 1806
Holsanova, Jana \ Lund University, Sweden.................................................................................... 1667
Hooper, Simon \ Penn State University, USA................................................................................... 1520
Horn, Daniel B. \ U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social Sciences, USA................ 464
Hostetter Shoop, Glenda \ Pennsylvania State University, USA....................................................... 238
Howard, Bruce C. \ Center for Educational Technologies®, Wheeling Jesuit University,
USA.............................................................................................................................................. 1880
Huang, Wenhao David \ University of Illinois, USA....................................................................... 1586
Hübscher, Roland \ Bentley College, USA......................................................................................... 114
Hussain, Talib \ BBN Technologies, USA........................................................................................... 431
Hutchinson, Richard \ Kennesaw State University, USA.................................................................. 870
Inan, Fethi \ Texas Tech University, USA........................................................................................... 375
Inoue, Yukiko \ University of Guam, Guam..................................................................................... 1183
Jagman, Heather \ DePaul University, USA...................................................................................... 963
Jain, Pawan \ Fort Hays State Univerysity, Hays, USA..................................................................... 255
Jain, Smita \ University of Wyoming, Hays, USA............................................................................... 255
James, Christopher L. \ Russellville City Schools, USA................................................................. 1085
Jeon, Tae \ Utah State University, USA............................................................................................... 330
Jin, Putai \ University of New South Wales, Australia.............................................................. 496, 1393
Joeckel III, George L. \ Utah State University, USA......................................................................... 330
Johnson, Mark \ University System of Georgia, USA........................................................................ 928
Johnson, Tristan \ Florida State University, USA............................................................................ 1586
Johnston, Catherine \ Harvard University, USA............................................................................... 480
Joia, Luiz Antonio \ Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil........................................................... 1465
Jones, Paula \ Eastern Kentucky University, USA.............................................................................. 101
Juelich-Velotta, Elizabeth \ Walsh University, USA........................................................................ 1446
Kawachi, Paul \ Open Education Network, Japan........................................................................... 1744
Kenyon, Melaine \ Buffalo State College, USA.................................................................................. 888
Kidd, Terry T. \ University of Texas School of Public Health, USA........................................ 936, 1169
Kimbell-Lopez, Kimberly \ Louisiana Tech University, USA........................................................... 870
King, Kathleen P. \ University of South Florida, USA....................................................................... 527
Koenig, Melissa \ DePaul University, USA........................................................................................ 963
Koenig, Alan \ National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing
(CRESST), USA............................................................................................................................. 431
Koszalka, Tiffany A. \ Syracuse University, USA.............................................................................. 984
Laforcade, Pierre \ Université du Maine, France.............................................................................. 135
LaPointe, Deborah K. \ Unviersity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, USA............................ 302
Lasnik, Vincent Elliott \ Independent Information Architect, USA................................................... 270
Le Pallec, Xavier \ Université de Lille, France.................................................................................. 135
Lee, Hea-Jin \ Ohio State University, Lima, USA................................................................................. 18
Lee, John \ National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing (CRESST),
USA................................................................................................................................................ 431
Léonard, Michel \ Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada................................. 697
Linder-VanBerschot, Jennifer Ann \ University of New Mexico, USA............................................ 302
Liu, Min \ University of Texas at Austin, USA...................................................................................... 51
Low, Renae \ University of New South Wales, Australia.......................................................... 496, 1393
Lowerison, Gretchen \ Concordia University, Canada..................................................................... 789
Lundgren-Cayrol, Karin \ Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada................... 697
Lusk, Danille L. \ Virgina Tech, USA................................................................................................. 620
Ma, Yuxin \ University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA.......................................................... 1023, 1069
MacDonald, Colla J. \ University of Ottawa, Canada....................................................................... 998
MacKinnon, Gregory \ Acadia University, Canada........................................................................ 1714
Mantovani, Fabrizia \ CESCOM, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, & ATN-P LAB, Istituto
Auxologico Italiano, Italy............................................................................................................ 1245
Marcinkiewicz, Henryk R. \ Aramco Services Company, USA......................................................... 207
Mariano, Gina J. \ Virginia Tech, USA.............................................................................................. 620
Marinho, Robson \ Andrews University, USA.................................................................................. 1607
Martel, Christian \ Pentila Corporation and Université de Savoie, France..................................... 403
Mathews, Susann M. \ Wright State University, USA...................................................................... 1847
McGrath, Leticia L. \ Georgia Southern University, USA................................................................. 928
McNeill, Andrea L. \ Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, USA................................. 1564
Meaux, Julie \ University of Central Arkansas, USA....................................................................... 1211
Menaker, Ellen \ Intelligent Decision Systems, Inc., USA.................................................................. 431
Mike, Dennis \ Buffalo State College, USA........................................................................................ 888
Miller, Susan M. \ Kent State Universtiy, USA................................................................................... 342
Miller, Charles \ University of Minnesota, USA............................................................................... 1520
Miller Vice, Sharon \ University at Albany/SUNY, USA.................................................................. 1472
Mitchell, Rebecca \ Harvard University, USA.................................................................................... 480
Moffitt, Kerry \ BBN Technologies, USA........................................................................................... 431
Morales, Erla M. \ University of Salamanca, Spain............................................................................ 71
Morrow, Jean \ Emporia State University, USA............................................................................... 1806
Mortillaro, Marcello \ CESCOM, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, & CISA - University of
Geneva, Switzerland.................................................................................................................... 1245
Motschnig-Pitrik, Renate \ University of Vienna, Austria................................................................. 758
Mumford, Jacqueline M. \ Walsh University, USA......................................................................... 1446
Murphy, Curtiss \ Alion Science and Technology, AMSTO Operation, USA.................................... 431
Mustaro, Pollyana Notargiacomo \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil....................... 173
Navarro, Emily Oh \ University of California, Irvine, USA............................................................ 1645
Nelson, Jon \ Utah State University, USA......................................................................................... 1793
Niess, Margaret L. \ Oregon State University, USA......................................................................... 1847
Nodenot, Thierry \ Université de Pau et des pays de l’Adour, France.............................................. 135
Nordstrom, Patricia A. \ Pennsylvania State University, USA.......................................................... 238
O’Shea, Patrick \ Harvard University, USA....................................................................................... 480
Offutt, Ronald D. \ Northrup-Grumman Information Technology, USA........................................... 317
Ole Bernsen, Niels \ NISLab, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark........................................ 541
Olson, Bradley \ SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA................................................................. 984
Orvis, Karin A. \ Old Dominion University, USA.............................................................................. 464
Oskorus, Anna \ TiER 1 Performance Solutions, USA..................................................................... 1880
Ostermann, Herwig \ University for Health Sciences, Austria.......................................................... 583
Owen, Robert S. \ Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USA................................................................ 95
Owens, Emiel \ Texas Southern University, USA.............................................................................. 1169
Packiananther, M.S. \ Cardiff University, UK................................................................................. 1899
Paquette, Gilbert \ Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada............................... 697
Parrish, Patrick \ University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USA................................... 1904
Persico, Donatella \ Institute for Educational Technology - Italian National Research Council,
Italy................................................................................................................................................ 359
Pham, D.T. \ Cardiff University, UK................................................................................................. 1899
Pham, P.T.N. \ Cardiff University, UK.............................................................................................. 1899
Pitt, Ian \ University College Cork, Ireland...................................................................................... 1282
Polese, Giuseppe \ University of Salerno, Italy.................................................................................. 742
Pounds, Kelly \ i.d.e.a.s. Learning, USA............................................................................................ 431
Powell, Tamara \ Kennesaw State University, USA............................................................................ 870
Powers, William \ Texas Christian University, USA........................................................................ 1689
Prejean, Louise \ University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA................................................. 1023, 1069
Pugalee, David \ University of North Carolina, USA....................................................................... 1847
Raftery, Damien \ Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland............................................................... 665
Rakes, Christopher R. \ University of Louisville, USA................................................................... 1847
Ranieri, Maria \ University of Florence, Italy................................................................................. 1504
Rathod, Avinash \ The University of Southern Mississippi, USA..................................................... 1487
Richard, Charles \ University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA.............................................. 1023, 1069
Riedl, Richard E. \ Appalachian State University, USA.................................................................... 679
Roberts, Bruce \ BBN Technologies, USA.......................................................................................... 431
Rockett, Danika \ University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA................................................... 870
Ronau, Robert N. \ University of Louisville, USA........................................................................... 1847
Routledge, Helen \ Freelance Instructional Designer, UK................................................................. 288
Russo-Converso, Judith A. \ CSC, USA............................................................................................ 317
Sales, Gregory C. \ Seward Incorporated, USA..................................................................................... 8
Salmons, Janet \ Vision2Lead, Inc., USA & Capella University, USA............................................. 1730
Saltsman, George \ Abilene Christian University, USA..................................................................... 566
Sanders, Robert \ Appalachian State University, USA...................................................................... 679
Saner, Raymond \ Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development (CSEND), Switzerland................... 1413
Santos, Antonio \ Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Mexico....................................................... 219
Scanniello, Giuseppe \ University of Basilicata, Italy........................................................................ 742
Scheer, Stephanie B. \ University of Virginia, USA.......................................................................... 1564
Scheiter, Katharina \ University of Tuebingen, Germany................................................................ 1667
Schmidt-Weigand, Florian \ University of Kassel, Germany............................................................ 944
Seeney, Matt \ TPLD Ltd., UK............................................................................................................ 288
Seip, Jason \ Firewater Games LLC, USA.......................................................................................... 431
Seitz, Sheila \ Windwalker Corporation, USA.................................................................................. 1006
Setchi, R. \ Cardiff University, UK.................................................................................................... 1899
Sheard, Judithe \ Monash University, Australia.............................................................................. 1341
Shelton, Kaye \ Dallas Baptist University, USA................................................................................. 566
Shreve, Gregory M. \ Kent State Universtiy, USA........................................................................... 1191
Silva, Luciano \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil........................................................ 173
Silveira, Ismar Frango \ Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil......................................... 173
Snelbecker, Glenn E. \ Temple Universtiy, USA................................................................................. 342
Solberg, Jennifer L. \ U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social Sciences,
USA................................................................................................................................................ 464
Song, Holim \ Texas Southern University, USA................................................................................ 1169
Soroka, A. \ Cardiff University, UK.................................................................................................. 1899
Souders, Vance \ Firewater Games LLC, USA................................................................................... 431
Staudinger, Roland \ University for Health Sciences, Austria........................................................... 583
Stein, Richard A. \ Indiana University-Bloomington, USA................................................................ 511
Stodel, Emma J. \ Learning 4 Excellence, Canada............................................................................ 998
Stone, Alex \ VLN Partners, LLC., USA............................................................................................. 861
Strobel, Johannes \ Purdue University, USA...................................................................................... 789
Stubbs, S. Todd \ Brigham Young University, USA.......................................................................... 1921
Subramony, Deepak Prem \ Utah State University, USA................................................................ 1133
Sweller, John \ University of New South Wales, USA......................................................................... 496
Switzer, Deborah M. \ Clemson University, USA............................................................................ 1817
Tan, Ivy \ University of Saskatchewan, Canada............................................................................... 1892
Tashner, John H. \ Appalachian State University, USA..................................................................... 679
Terry, Krista P. \ Radford University, USA...................................................................................... 1564
Thomas, A. \ Cardiff University, UK................................................................................................. 1899
Thomson Maddox, Teri \ Jackson State Community College, USA................................................ 1320
Tomei, Lawrence A. \ Robert Morris University, USA....................................................................... 809
Toprac, Paul \ Southern Methodist University, USA............................................................................ 51
Truesdell, Kim \ Buffalo State College, USA..................................................................................... 888
Uram, Courtney \ James Madison University, USA........................................................................ 1006
van der Hoek, André \ University of California, Irvine, USA......................................................... 1645
Vescovo, Antonietta \ CESCOM, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy............................................ 1245
Vessel, Amy Massey \ Louisiana Tech University, USA..................................................................... 870
Vignollet, Laurence \ Université de Savoie, France.......................................................................... 403
Wagener, Lauren \ University of Tennessee, USA............................................................................ 1847
Wainess, Richard \ National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing
(CRESST), USA............................................................................................................................. 431
Walimbwa, Michael \ Makerere University, Uganda......................................................................... 914
Wang, Xinchun \ California State University, Fresno, USA............................................................ 1300
Warren, Scott J. \ University of North Texas, USA............................................................................ 511
Weaver, Lynda \ SCO Health Service, Canada.................................................................................. 998
Wiebe, Eric \ North Carolina State University, USA........................................................................ 1667
Williams, Douglas \ University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA............................................ 1023, 1069
Williams, Sean D. \ Clemson University, USA................................................................................. 1817
Wright, Vivan H. \ University of Alabama, USA............................................................................. 1085
Yiping, Lou \ Louisiana State University, USA.................................................................................. 904
Yiu, Lichia \ Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development (CSEND), Switzerland............................ 1413
Yuen, Timothy T. \ University of Texas at Austin, USA....................................................................... 51
Yukawa, Joyce \ St. Catherine University, USA................................................................................. 639
Zheng, Robert Z. \ University of Utah, USA............................................................................ 342, 1771
Zimmer, Bob \ The Open University, UK......................................................................................... 1423
Zlatanov, V. \ Cardiff University, UK................................................................................................ 1899
Zurloni, Valentino \ CESCOM, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy.............................................. 1245
Contents

Volume I
Section I. Fundamental Concepts and Theories

This section serves as the groundwork for this comprehensive reference book by addressing central
theories essential to the understanding of instructional design. Chapters found within these pages pro-
vide a tremendous framework in which to position instructional design within the field of information
science and technology. Insight regarding the critical integration of global measures into instructional
design is addressed, while crucial stumbling blocks of this field are explored. The chapters comprising
this introductory section, the reader can learn and choose from a compendium of expert research on the
elemental theories underscoring the instructional design discipline.

Chapter 1.1. Taxonomies for Technology................................................................................................ 1

Richard Caladine, University of Wollongong, Australia

Chapter 1.2. Preparing Teachers to Teach Online.................................................................................... 8

Gregory C. Sales, Seward Incorporated, USA

Chapter 1.3. Reflective E-Learning Pedagogy....................................................................................... 18

Leah Herner-Patnode, Ohio State University, Lima, USA
Hea-Jin Lee, Ohio State University, Lima, USA
Eun-ok Baek, California State University, San Bernardino, USA

Chapter 1.4. Higher Education’s New Frontier for the E-University and Virtual Campus................... 34
Antonio Cartelli, University of Cassino, Italy

Chapter 1.5. Learning Activities Model................................................................................................. 41

Richard Caladine, University of Wollongong, Australia
Chapter 1.6. What Factors Make a Multimedia Learning Environment Engaging: A Case Study........ 51
Min Liu, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Paul Toprac, Southern Methodist University, USA
Timothy T. Yuen, University of Texas at Austin, USA

Chapter 1.7. Quality Learning Objective in Instructional Design......................................................... 71

Erla M. Morales, University of Salamanca, Spain
Francisco J. García, University of Salamanca, Spain
Ángela Barrón, University of Salamanca, Spain

Chapter 1.8. Instructional Design Methodologies................................................................................. 80

Irene Chen, University of Houston – Downtown, USA

Chapter 1.9. Contemporary Instructional Design.................................................................................. 95

Robert S. Owen, Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USA
Bosede Aworuwa, Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USA

Chapter 1.10. Instructional Design Methods Integrating Instructional Technology............................ 101

Paula Jones, Eastern Kentucky University, USA
Rita Davis, Eastern Kentucky University, USA

Chapter 1.11. Using Design Patterns to Support E-Learning Design.................................................. 114

Sherri S. Frizell, Prairie View A&M University, USA
Roland Hübscher, Bentley College, USA

Chapter 1.12. Visual Design of Coherent Technology-Enhanced Learning Systems: A Few

Lessons Learned from CPM Language................................................................................................ 135
Thierry Nodenot, Université de Pau et des pays de l’Adour, France
Pierre Laforcade, Université du Maine, France
Xavier Le Pallec, Université de Lille, France

Chapter 1.13. History of Distance Learning Professional Associations.............................................. 162

Irene Chen, University of Houston Downtown, USA

Chapter 1.14. Using Games to Teach Design Patterns and Computer Graphics................................. 173
Pollyana Notargiacomo Mustaro, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil
Luciano Silva, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil
Ismar Frango Silveira, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Brazil

Chapter 1.15. Using Video Games to Improve Literacy Levels of Males........................................... 192
Stephenie Hewett, The Citadel, USA
Section II. Development and Design Methodologies

This section provides exhaustive coverage of conceptual architecture frameworks to endow with the
reader a broad understanding of the promising technological developments within the field of instruc-
tional design. Research fundamentals imperative to the understanding of developmental processes
within instructional design are offered. From broad surveys to specific discussions and case studies
on electronic tools, the research found within this section spans the discipline while offering detailed,
specific discussions. From basic designs to abstract development, these chapters serve to expand the
reaches of development and design technologies within the instructional design community.

Chapter 2.1. Planning for Technology Integration............................................................................... 207

Henryk R. Marcinkiewicz, Aramco Services Company, USA

Chapter 2.2. Bringing Reality into the Classroom............................................................................... 219

Antonio Santos, Universidad de las Americas Puebla, Mexico

Chapter 2.3. Model-Facilitated Learning Environments: The Pedagogy of the Design...................... 238
Glenda Hostetter Shoop, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Patricia A. Nordstrom, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Roy B. Clariana, Pennsylvania State University, USA

Chapter 2.4. Developing Learning Communities: Improving Interactivity of an Online Class.......... 255
Pawan Jain, Fort Hays State Univerysity, Hays, USA
Smita Jain, University of Wyoming, Hays, USA

Chapter 2.5. Developing Prescriptive Taxonomies for Distance Learing Instructional Design.......... 270
Vincent Elliott Lasnik, Independent Information Architect, USA

Chapter 2.6. Drawing Circles in the Sand: Integrating Content into Serious Games.......................... 288
Matt Seeney, TPLD Ltd., UK
Helen Routledge, Freelance Instructional Designer, UK

Chapter 2.7. A Model for Knowledge and Innovation in Online Education........................................ 302
Jennifer Ann Linder-VanBerschot, University of New Mexico, USA
Deborah K. LaPointe, Unviersity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, USA

Chapter 2.8. A Large-Scale Model for Working with Subject Matter Experts.................................... 317
Judith A. Russo-Converso, CSC, USA
Ronald D. Offutt, Northrup-Grumman Information Technology, USA

Chapter 2.9. Instructional Challenges in Higher Education Online Courses Delivered through
a Learning Management System by Subject Matter Experts............................................................... 330
George L. Joeckel III, Utah State University, USA
Tae Jeon, Utah State University, USA
Joel Gardner, Utah State University, USA
Chapter 2.10. Functional Relevance and Online Instructional Design................................................ 342
Glenn E. Snelbecker, Temple Universtiy, USA
Susan M. Miller, Kent State Universtiy, USA
Robert Z. Zheng, University of Utah, USA

Chapter 2.11. Self-Regulated Learning: Issues and Challenges for Initial Teacher Training.............. 359
Manuela Delfino, Institute for Educational Technology - Italian National Research
Council, Italy
Donatella Persico, Institute for Educational Technology - Italian National Research
Council, Italy

Chapter 2.12. Individualized Web-Based Instructional Design........................................................... 375

Fethi Inan, Texas Tech University, USA
Michael Grant, University of Memphis, USA

Chapter 2.13. The Virtue of Paper: Drawing as a Means to Innovation in Instructional Design........ 389
Brad Hokanson, University of Minnesota, USA

Chapter 2.14. LDL for Collaborative Activities.................................................................................. 403

Christine Ferraris, Université de Savoie, France
Christian Martel, Pentila Corporation and Université de Savoie, France
Laurence Vignollet, Université de Savoie, France

Chapter 2.15. Development of Game-Based Training Systems: Lessons Learned in an Inter-

Disciplinary Field in the Making......................................................................................................... 431
Talib Hussain, BBN Technologies, USA
Wallace Feurzeig, BBN Technologies, USA
Jan Cannon-Bowers, University of Central Florida, USA
Susan Coleman, Intellignet Decision Systems, Inc., USA
Alan Koenig, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing
(CRESST), USA
John Lee, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing
(CRESST), USA
Ellen Menaker, Intelligent Decision Systems, Inc., USA
Kerry Moffitt, BBN Technologies, USA
Curtiss Murphy, Alion Science and Technology, AMSTO Operation, USA
Kelly Pounds, i.d.e.a.s. Learning, USA
Bruce Roberts, BBN Technologies, USA
Jason Seip, Firewater Games LLC, USA
Vance Souders, Firewater Games LLC, USA
Richard Wainess, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student
Testing (CRESST), USA
Chapter 2.16. Bridging Game Development and Instructional Design............................................... 464
James Belanich, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social Sciences, USA
Karin A. Orvis, Old Dominion University, USA
Daniel B. Horn, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social Sciences, USA
Jennifer L. Solberg, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Social
Sciences, USA

Chapter 2.17. Lessons Learned about Designing Augmented Realities.............................................. 480

Patrick O’Shea, Harvard University, USA
Rebecca Mitchell, Harvard University, USA
Catherine Johnston, Harvard University, USA
Chris Dede, Harvard University, USA

Section III. Tools and Technologies

This section presents an extensive treatment of various tools and technologies existing in the field of in-
structional design that practitioners and academics alike must rely on to develop new techniques. These
chapters enlighten readers about fundamental research on the many methods used to facilitate and
enhance the integration of this worldwide phenomenon by exploring software and hardware develop-
ments and their applications—an increasingly pertinent research arena. It is through these rigorously
researched chapters that the reader is provided with countless examples of the up-and-coming tools
and technologies emerging from the field of instructional design.

Chapter 3.1. Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design in a Multimedia Context.................... 496
Renae Low, University of New South Wales, Australia
Putai Jin, University of New South Wales, Australia
John Sweller, University of New South Wales, USA

Chapter 3.2. Simulating Teaching Experience with Role-Play............................................................ 511

Scott J. Warren, University of North Texas, USA
Richard A. Stein, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA

Chapter 3.3. Impact of Podcasts as Professional Learning: Teacher Created, Student Created, and
Professional Development Podcasts.................................................................................................... 527
Kathleen P. King, University of South Florida, USA

Chapter 3.4. Modelling Spoken Multimodal Instructional Systems.................................................... 541

Niels Ole Bernsen, NISLab, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Laila Dybkjær, NISLab, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Chapter 3.5. Applying the ADDIE Model to Online Instruction......................................................... 566

Kaye Shelton, Dallas Baptist University, USA
George Saltsman, Abilene Christian University, USA
Chapter 3.6. E-Learning with Wikis, Weblogs and Discussion Forums: An Emmpirical Survey
about the Past, the Presence and the Future......................................................................................... 583
Reinhard Bernsteiner, University for Health Sciences, Austria
Herwig Ostermann, University for Health Sciences, Austria
Roland Staudinger, University for Health Sciences, Austria

Chapter 3.7. Integrating Blogs in Teacher Education.......................................................................... 607

Yungwei Hao, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan

Chapter 3.8. iPods as Mobile Multimedia Learning Environments: Individual Differences and
Instructional Design............................................................................................................................. 620
Peter E. Doolittle, Virginia Tech, USA
Danille L. Lusk, Virgina Tech, USA
C. Noel Byrd, Virginia Tech, USA
Gina J. Mariano, Virginia Tech, USA

Chapter 3.9. Telementoring and Project-Based Learning: An Integrated Model for 21st
Century Skills...................................................................................................................................... 639
Joyce Yukawa, St. Catherine University, USA

Volume II
Chapter 3.10. Developing Educational Screencasts: A Practitioner’s Perspective.............................. 665
Damien Raftery, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland

Chapter 3.11. Teaching IT Through Learning Communities in a 3D Immersive World:

The Evolution of Online Instruction.................................................................................................... 679
Richard E. Riedl, Appalachian State University, USA
Regis M. Gilman, Appalachian State University, USA
John H. Tashner, Appalachian State University, USA
Stephen C. Bronack, Appalachian State University, USA
Amy Cheney, Appalachian State University, USA
Robert Sanders, Appalachian State University, USA
Roma Angel, Appalachian State University, USA

Chapter 3.12. The MOT+Visual Language for Knowledge-Based Instructional Design.................... 697
Gilbert Paquette, Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada
Michel Léonard, Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada
Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Télé-université Université du Quebec à Montréal, Canada

Chapter 3.13. poEML: A Separation of Concerns Proposal to Instructional Design........................... 718

Manuel Caeiro-Rodríguez, University of Vigo, Spain
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 Ethics - Mind Map
First 2021 - Academy

Prepared by: Professor Williams

Date: August 12, 2025

Test 1: Best practices and recommendations

Learning Objective 1: Historical development and evolution
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Practical applications and examples
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 2: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 3: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 5: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 6: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 6: Study tips and learning strategies
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Module 2: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 14: Historical development and evolution
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 15: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 15: Best practices and recommendations
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Exercise 3: Learning outcomes and objectives
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 23: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 24: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 28: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 29: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 29: Practical applications and examples
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Summary 4: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Practice Problem 30: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 31: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 32: Study tips and learning strategies
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 34: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 38: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Topic 5: Critical analysis and evaluation
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 43: Practical applications and examples
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 44: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 45: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 50: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Unit 6: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 51: Research findings and conclusions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 55: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 57: Research findings and conclusions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 58: Key terms and definitions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 59: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 59: Key terms and definitions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Part 7: Interdisciplinary approaches
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 61: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Appendix 8: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Example 70: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 73: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 73: Case studies and real-world applications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 74: Experimental procedures and results
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 75: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 75: Practical applications and examples
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 79: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
References 9: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 81: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 82: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 83: Literature review and discussion
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 84: Key terms and definitions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 87: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 88: Ethical considerations and implications
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 89: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice 10: Fundamental concepts and principles
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 92: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 95: Historical development and evolution
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Key terms and definitions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 97: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Results 11: Practical applications and examples
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 102: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 103: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 104: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 106: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 107: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 108: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 109: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Background 12: Learning outcomes and objectives
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 114: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 115: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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