PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON

FINGERPRINT ENABLED VOTING SYSTEM

Submitted for partial fulfillment of Award of

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER

APPLICATION

2025-26

(Odd Semester)

By

ANKIT KANYAL ABDUR RAZZAQ

2312044050020 2312044050005

Under The Guidance Of

Mr. Himanshu Gupta

Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Management,

Lucknow

Affiliated to

LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

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Table of Contents
S. Topic Page
No. No.
1. Introduction 1

2. Project Definition 2

3. Objectives 3

4. Methodology / Working Principle 4

5. Theory 5

6. Hardware and Software 6

Requirements
7. Modular Description 7

8. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 8

9. Use Case Diagram 9

10. Database Design 10

11. Advantages 11

12. Future Scope 12

13. References 13
Introduction
In today’s digital era, ensuring security, transparency, and efficiency
in the voting process has become a major concern. Traditional voting
systems, whether paper-based or electronic, are often vulnerable to
issues such as voter impersonation, multiple voting, and
unauthorized access. To overcome these challenges, we propose a
hardware-based Fingerprint Enabled Voting System that integrates
biometric authentication with an electronic voting mechanism.
The system uses fingerprint recognition technology to uniquely
identify voters, ensuring that only authorized individuals can cast
their votes. Each voter’s fingerprint is verified against a pre-stored
database, eliminating the possibility of duplicate voting or fraudulent
activities. Once authenticated, the voter is allowed to select their
preferred candidate using a simple user interface, and the vote is
securely recorded.
By combining biometric security with embedded hardware, this
system enhances the reliability, accuracy, and transparency of the
entire voting process. It minimizes human intervention, reduces the
chances of errors, and builds trust among voters. Such a system can
be implemented in local elections, college voting systems,
organizational polls, and even scaled up for larger democratic
elections.

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Project Definition
The Fingerprint Enabled Voting System is a hardware-based
biometric voting solution designed to ensure a secure,
transparent, and efficient voting process. The project aims to
eliminate the shortcomings of traditional voting methods by
integrating fingerprint authentication with an electronic
voting mechanism.
In this system, each voter’s fingerprint is pre-registered and
stored in a secure database. During the voting process, the
system scans the voter’s fingerprint using a biometric sensor
and verifies it against the stored data. If the fingerprint
matches, the voter is granted access to cast their vote
through an embedded interface. Once the vote is submitted,
the system automatically records it in a secure database and
ensures that duplicate voting is prevented.
The entire setup consists of biometric fingerprint sensors, a
microcontroller, display units, and voting input
keys/buttons. This combination ensures high accuracy, data
integrity, and ease of use, making the voting process faster,
more reliable, and user-friendly.
Project Objectives
The main objectives of the Fingerprint Enabled Voting
System are:
1. Enhance Security – To ensure that only authorized and
registered voters can cast their votes using fingerprint
authentication.
2. Prevent Duplicate Voting – To eliminate the possibility of
a voter casting multiple votes by linking each vote to a
unique biometric identity.
3. Increase Transparency – To make the entire voting
process tamper-proof and fraud-resistant by using
secure hardware-based mechanisms.
4. Simplify the Voting Process – To provide a user-friendly
interface that allows voters to easily cast their votes with
minimal technical knowledge.
5. Ensure Data Accuracy – To automatically record, store,
and count votes digitally, thereby reducing human errors
in the tallying process.
6. Enable Scalability – To develop a flexible system that
can be used for college elections, organizational polls,
local body elections, and can be scaled for larger
implementations.

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Project Methodology
The Fingerprint Enabled Voting System is designed to provide a secure and
efficient voting process by integrating biometric authentication with an
embedded hardware-based voting mechanism. The system functions
through the seamless coordination of a fingerprint sensor, microcontroller,
and voting interface to ensure accuracy and transparency.
Initially, all eligible voters’ fingerprints are pre-registered and stored in the
system’s database. On the day of voting, the voter places their finger on the
biometric sensor, which captures the fingerprint image and sends it to the
microcontroller for verification. The system compares the scanned
fingerprint with the pre-stored data, thereby ensuring that only authorized
voters gain access to the voting interface.
Upon successful authentication, the voter is provided with access to cast
their vote using a keypad, button panel, or touchscreen interface. The
selected vote is then securely stored in the system’s non-volatile memory to
maintain data integrity. If the fingerprint does not match any stored data,
the system automatically denies access, thereby preventing unauthorized or
fraudulent voting attempts.
Additionally, the system is programmed to lock each verified fingerprint
entry after a vote has been cast, ensuring that no individual can vote more
than once. At the conclusion of the voting session, the microcontroller
compiles the stored data, enabling quick and accurate result generation
without manual intervention.
This integration of biometric security with hardware automation ensures a
transparent, tamper-proof, and user-friendly voting process that can be
effectively applied in college elections, organizational polls, and other
secure voting environments.
Theory
The Fingerprint Enabled Voting System is based on the integration of
biometric authentication with embedded system technology to create a
secure, reliable, and efficient voting process. It addresses the challenges of
traditional voting methods, such as voter impersonation, duplicate voting,
and manual counting errors, by utilizing unique fingerprint identification to
verify voter authenticity before allowing access to the voting interface.
Biometric systems rely on unique physiological traits of individuals, and
fingerprints are one of the most widely used and reliable biometric
identifiers. The system employs a fingerprint sensor module to capture and
analyze the unique patterns of ridges and valleys in a voter’s fingerprint.
These patterns are converted into a digital template and matched against
the pre-stored database of registered voters. Since fingerprints are unique
and immutable, this ensures a high level of accuracy and security in voter
identification.
The heart of the system is a microcontroller, which acts as the central
processing unit. It controls the fingerprint sensor, verifies the input data,
manages the voting interface, and records the votes securely. Upon
successful fingerprint verification, the system grants access to the voting
interface, where the voter can cast their vote using buttons, a keypad, or a
touchscreen. The recorded votes are stored in non-volatile memory such as
EEPROM or an SD card, ensuring that the data remains intact even in the
event of a power failure.
The system is also designed to prevent duplicate voting by marking each
authenticated fingerprint as "used" once a vote has been cast. Additionally,
by automating the process of vote counting, the system reduces human
intervention and minimizes the possibility of tampering or mismanagement.

Overall, the Fingerprint Enabled Voting System combines biometric

identification and embedded hardware to achieve a secure, transparent,
and efficient voting mechanism. Its implementation can significantly
improve the credibility and reliability of elections in various contexts,
ranging from college elections and organizational polls to government-level
voting systems.

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Hardware and Software Requirements
1. Hardware Requirements
• Processor / Microcontroller : Arduino UNO / NodeMCU / ESP32 / PIC
microcontroller (acts as the brain of the system)
• Fingerprint Sensor Module : R307 / R305 / GT511C3
(captures and verifies fingerprints)
• Display Unit : 16x2 or 20x4 LCD / OLED display for showing instructions,
authentication status, and results
• Input Unit : Push buttons or a 4x4 matrix keypad for candidate selection
and vote casting
• Memory Module : EEPROM or SD card module for storing fingerprint
data and voting records
• Power Supply : 5V regulated DC adapter or USB power supply
• Buzzer / LED Indicators : For providing real-time feedback during
authentication and voting
• Connecting Wires & PCB / Breadboard : For circuit assembly and
hardware interfacing
• Enclosure / Cabinet : To house the hardware components securely and
make the system user-friendly
•

2. Software Requirements
Programming Environment : Arduino IDE / PlatformIO (used for coding
and uploading programs to the microcontroller)
• Programming Language : Embedded C / C++

• Fingerprint Sensor Library : To communicate with the biometric module

and process fingerprint matching
• Database / Storage : EEPROM or SD card-based data storage for
fingerprints and votes
• Simulation Software (Optional) : Proteus / Fritzing / Tinkercad for
designing and testing the circuit before implementation

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Modular Description
The Fingerprint Enabled Voting System is divided into several functional
modules. Each module performs a specific task and works together to
ensure a secure, reliable, and efficient voting process.
1. Fingerprint Authentication Module

• Captures the voter’s fingerprint using a biometric sensor.

• Converts the fingerprint image into a digital template.

• Matches the captured fingerprint against the pre-stored database of
registered voters.
• Grants or denies access based on authentication results.

2. Voting Control Module

• Manages the voting interface after successful fingerprint authentication.

• Allows voters to select their preferred candidate using buttons or a
keypad.
• Ensures that each verified voter casts only one vote.
• Prevents unauthorized access to the voting panel.

3. Data Storage Module

Stores registered fingerprints and voting records in EEPROM or an SD
card.

• Maintains non-volatile memory, ensuring data is retained even during

power failures.
• Keeps voting data secure and tamper-proof.

4. Display and Feedback Module

•

• Uses an LCD or OLED display to show instructions, authentication status,

and voting confirmation.
• Provides visual feedback via LEDs and audio feedback using a buzzer.
• Enhances user-friendliness by guiding voters through the process step
by step.

5. Result Processing Module

• Compiles and processes the stored voting data after the polling session.
• Generates accurate vote counts automatically.
• Displays the final results on the LCD or can be transferred to an external
system if required.
6. Security & Duplication Control Module

• Ensures that each registered fingerprint can vote only once.

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Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
1. Introduction to DFD
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation that shows
how data moves through a system, how it is processed, and where it
is stored.
It helps to understand the overall flow of information within a
system in a simple and structured way.
In the Fingerprint Enabled Voting System, the DFD helps to visualize
how voters, administrators, and the system interact to perform
operations like registration, fingerprint authentication, vote casting,
and result management.
2. Key Components of DFD
The four main components of a DFD are:

a) External Entities
• Represent sources or destinations of data outside the system.
• Examples: Voter, Admin.

b) Processes
• Show the actions performed on data to transform inputs into
outputs.
• Examples: Register Voter, Authenticate Fingerprint, Cast Vote,
Generate Results.

c) Data Stores
Represent repositories where data is stored for later use.
• Examples: Voter Database, Candidate Database, Votes
Database.
 •

d) Data Flows
• Represent the movement of data between processes, data
stores, and external entities.
• Examples: Voter Details, Fingerprint Data, Voting Results.
3. Types of DFD
There are three main levels of DFD used to represent systems with
varying levels of detail.

a) Level 0 DFD (Context Diagram)

• Represents the entire system as a single process.
• Shows the main external entities and how they interact with
the system.
• Does not show internal details of the system.

b) Level 1 DFD
• Breaks the main process into sub-processes.

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• Shows how data moves between these processes and
data stores.

•
USE CASE DIAGRAM
A Use Case Diagram is a visual representation of the interactions between users
(actors) and a system to achieve specific goals.
It describes what the system should do from the user’s perspective rather than how
it is implemented.
Actors can be humans or external systems interacting with the application.
Use cases represent the functional requirements of the system.
In your Fingerprint Enabled Voting System, examples of use cases include voter
registration, fingerprint authentication, vote casting, and result viewing.
It helps developers, testers, and stakeholders understand the system’s behavior
clearly.

CLASS DIAGRAM
A Class Diagram is a type of UML diagram that visually represents the structure of a
system by showing its classes, attributes, methods, and relationships.

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It defines the blueprint of objects within the system and how they interact.
Classes represent real-world entities or concepts, while their attributes and
operations describe their properties and behaviors.
Relationships like association, inheritance, and aggregation illustrate how classes are
connected.
In your Fingerprint Enabled Voting System, classes can include Voter,
Admin, Candidate, Database, and Vote. It helps developers understand
the system design before implementation.

ER DIAGRAM
An Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram is a visual representation of data and how
different data elements are related to each other.
It is used in database design to model the structure of a database logically before
implementation.

• Introduced by Peter Chen in 1976.

• Used in conceptual database design.

2. Key Components of ER Diagrams

A. Entity
• Definition: An object in the real world about which we store data.
• Types of Entities:

1. Strong Entity → Exists independently. Example: Voter,

Candidate.

2. Weak Entity → Cannot exist without a related strong entity.

Example: Vote (depends on Voter & Candidate).

• Notation: Represented by a rectangle.

B. Attributes
• Definition: Properties or characteristics of an entity.
• Types of Attributes:

1. Simple Attribute → Cannot be divided. Example: Name, Age.

2. Composite Attribute → Can be divided into subparts.
Example: FullName → (FirstName, LastName).

3. Derived Attribute → Calculated from other attributes.

Example: Age (calculated from DOB).

4. Multivalued Attribute → Can have multiple values. Example:

PhoneNumbers.

5. Key Attribute → Uniquely identifies each entity. Example: Voter_ID.

• Notation: Represented by an ellipse connected to its entity.

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ER--Diagram
 Database Table
The database for the Fingerprint Enabled Voting System will mainly have
three tables:

1. Voter Table
Stores information about all registered voters along with their fingerprint
templates.
Field Name Data Type Description

voter_id INT (Primary Unique ID assigned to each

Key) voter

name VARCHAR(50) Name of the voter

fingerprint_id VARCHAR(100) Encrypted fingerprint

template or ID

has_voted BOOLEAN Status flag: 0 = Not

Voted, 1 = Voted

2. Candidate Table
Stores information about the candidates contesting in the election.
Field Name Data Type Description

candidate_id INT (Primary Unique ID assigned to

Key) each candidate

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 candidate_name VARCHAR(50) Name of the candidate

party VARCHAR(50) Political party / group

name

3. Vote Table
Stores each vote that has been cast securely.
Field Name Data Type Description

vote_id INT (Primary Unique ID assigned to each vote

Key)

voter_id INT (Foreign Links to the Voter Table

Key)

candidate_id INT (Foreign Links to the Candidate

Table
Key)

timestamp DATETIME Records the exact date and time

of the vote
Advantages
1. Enhanced Security o Uses biometric fingerprint authentication, ensuring that
only authorized voters can cast their votes.

2. Prevents Duplicate Voting

o Each voter is allowed to vote only once, as the system marks the
fingerprint after casting a vote.

3. Accuracy and Transparency

o Eliminates manual counting errors and ensures tamper-proof vote
storage.

4. User-Friendly Interface
o Simple LCD/OLED display with keypad or buttons makes the system
easy to operate for all users.

5. Time Efficiency
o Reduces long queues and manual verification delays by automating
the entire process.

6. Cost-Effective
o Removes the need for paper ballots, large staff, and manual result
processing.

7. Reliable Data Storage

o Uses EEPROM or SD card storage, making data safe even in case of
power failure.

8. Scalability o Can be implemented in colleges, organizations, local elections,

and scaled for state or national elections.

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Future Scope
1. Integration with Aadhaar or National ID Databases o Linking the
system with government biometric databases can further improve
voter authentication and security.

2. IoT-Based Remote Monitoring o Results can be monitored in real-time

via a secure cloud-based dashboard.

3. Mobile and Web Integration o Future systems can integrate mobile

apps for result
viewing and secure admin management.

4. Facial Recognition Support o Adding multi-factor authentication using

facial recognition can enhance system security.

5. Blockchain-Based Vote Storage

o Using blockchain technology can make the voting process tamper-proof
and fully transparent.

6. Automated Data Analytics o Integration of analytics tools can help in

predicting voter turnout and improving election planning.
 References
1. Books & Study Material
o Mazidi, M. A., "Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using
Assembly and C," Pearson Education.

o Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and

Applications with the 8085, Prentice Hall.

o S. K. Singh, Database Systems: Concepts, Design

and Applications, Pearson.
o Ravi Ramamoorthi, Biometric Systems and Applications, McGraw Hill.

2. Research Papers & Journals

o Jain, A. K., Ross, A., & Prabhakar, S. (2004). "An
Introduction to Biometric Recognition." IEEE Transactions on Circuits
and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1.

o A. R. Dinesh, et al. (2020). "Fingerprint-Based

Voting System Using Biometric Authentication." International Journal
of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT).

3. Web References
o Arduino Official Documentation: https://www.arduino.cc/

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