LESSON 1:
COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES
AND ETHICS
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
A. Describe the nature and function of verbal and non-verbal
communication in multicultural contexts of both English and non-
English-speaking countries in the world;
B. Explain the principles and process of communication and the
ethical considerations in communication; and
C. Elucidate how communication skills help resolve problems, better
understand new concepts, and aid in your profession.
BE ENGAGE:
1. Why do people communicate?
2. What would happen if communication doesn't exist?
3. Why do miscommunication and
misunderstandings happen?
Communication :
▪ is inevitable
▪ it can be done verbally or non verbally
▪ Is understood as the process of making meaning
through a channel or medium
▪ It comes from the Latin word “Communicares”
which means to share or to make ideas common.
THE COMPONENTS OF
THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
1. SOURCE – the sender , it can be anyone
2. MESSAGE- the reason behind any interaction
and it is the meaning shared between the sender
and the receiver
3. CHANNEL- the means in which the message is
conveyed.
4. RECEIVER- the person who receives transmitted
message.
5. FEEDBACK- a response that confirms audience
understanding; it can be written, spoken or act out
6. ENVIRONMENT- It involves the physical set-up of a
location where communication takes place.
- The immediate physical and sensory surroundings
where communication happens.
Includes:
➢ Noise level
➢ Lighting
➢ Room temperature
➢ Space and distance
➢ Visual distractions
7. CONTEXT- is everything surrounding the
communication — like the setting, people involved,
purpose, mood, and even culture — that affects how the
message works.
Includes:
Physical setting (where it happens)
Relationship between communicators
Emotions and mood
Culture and values
Past experiences
1. Physical Context
This is the actual physical setting or place where
communication takes place. It includes the surroundings,
time, noise level, temperature, and even whether it's
face-to-face or virtual.
Examples:
- Talking in a quiet library vs. a noisy street
2. Social Context
This refers to the relationship between the people
communicating. It affects the tone, language, and
behavior used in communication.
Examples:
- A student says “Good morning, Sir” to a teacher
-That same student might say “Hey! What’s up?” to a
close friend
3. Cultural Context
This refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, or
traditions of the people involved. Culture affects how people
interpret messages, body language, respect, and formality.
Examples:
- In some cultures, eye contact shows confidence; in others, it's
considered disrespectful
- The use of "po" and "opo" in Filipino culture to show respect
- Gestures like a thumbs up can mean “good” in one culture but
something offensive in another
4. Psychological Context
This is about the emotional state, mood, or mental
condition of the people involved. Stress, happiness,
anger, or nervousness can affect how someone
communicates.
Examples:
- A person who is angry might misinterpret a joke as an
insult
- A happy mood can make conversations more light
and friendly
5. Historical Context
This refers to the past interactions or experiences
between the communicators. It’s about what has
happened before the current conversation that might
affect it now.
Examples:
Two friends who recently had a fight might have a tense
conversation
Talking about historical events like colonization, war, or
cultural changes people interpret messages based on
what they know about the
Aspect Context Environment
Bigger Physical and sensory
What it is
picture/background surroundings
Emotions, culture, past Noise, space, lighting,
Includes
events, social roles temperature
Broad (mental + Narrow (physical setting
Scope
situational) only)
Shapes meaning and Affects clarity and
Role in communication
interpretation delivery of message
8. INTERFERENCE- also known as the barriers that prevents
effective communication to take place.
KINDS OF INTERFERENCE
1. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS- refer to any psychological condition that affects the
effectiveness of the communication.
2.PHYSICAL BARRIERS- include competing stimulus, weather, climate, distance, time,
noise and non-conducive surrounding.
3. LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL BARRIERS- pertain to the language and its cultural
environment. Words may mean in different countries.
4. MECHANICAL BARRIERS- those raised by the channels employed for communication.
These include cellphones, laptops, and other gadgets used.
THE NINE PRINCIPLES
OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Clarity- Be clear about your message, Always be guided by your
purpose in communicating.
2. Concreteness- Support your claim with enough facts to reduce
misunderstanding.
3. Courtesy- The tone of your writing should be friendly. It involves being
polite in terms of approach and manner of addressing an individual
4. Correctness- It is important to observe grammatical correctness in your
writing.
5. Consideration- Message must be geared towards the audience.
6. Creativity- being able to craft interesting messages
in terms of sentence structure and word choice
7. Conciseness- Always stick to the point and do not
beat around the bush. Be brief.
8. Cultural Sensitivity- Consider your audience. Be
sensitive with your message or words.
9. Captivating - You must strive to make messages
interesting.
ETHICAL
CONSIDERATION IN
COMUNCIATION
Ethics is a branch of Philosophy that focuses on issues of
right and wrong in human affairs.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:
1. Respect Audience
2. Consider the Result of Communication
3. Value Truth
4. Use information correctly
5. Do not falsify information.
Assignment No. 1
1. Illustrate the Communication process through a diagram
2. Identify the possible communication blocks in the
following situations:
▪ A written Letter of complaint
▪ Interaction between a nurse and a patient in pain
▪ Songs with figurative language
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
