Notes: Cost of Electricity
Electricity is one of the most important forms of energy we use every day. It powers our lights,
stoves, kettles, televisions, and cell phone chargers. Because electricity is generated, distributed,
and maintained, we must pay for it. The cost of electricity depends on how much energy we use,
which is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
1. Measuring Electricity Usage
- Appliances have a power rating (measured in watts, W).
- To calculate energy used, we convert watts to kilowatts (1 kW = 1000 W).
- Energy consumed is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Example: A 1000 W (1 kW) iron used for 2 hours uses:
1 kW × 2 h = 2 kWh of energy.
2. Formula for Cost of Electricity
The cost of electricity can be calculated using this formula:
Cost = Power (kW) × Time (hours) × Cost per kWh
Example: A 2000 W (2 kW) kettle used for 1 hour at R2.50 per kWh:
2 kW × 1 h × R2.50 = R5.00
3. Electricity Tariffs
- Electricity suppliers such as Eskom and municipalities charge households per unit of electricity
used.
- 1 unit = 1 kWh.
- Example: If the tariff is R2.50 per kWh and a household uses 500 kWh in a month:
500 × R2.50 = R1250 per month.
4. Reading an Electricity Bill
An electricity bill usually shows:
- Units consumed (in kWh).
- Cost per unit (tariff).
- Total cost = Units × Tariff.
- Fixed charges, if any.
5. Ways to Save Electricity
- Switch off lights when not in use.
- Use energy-efficient appliances (e.g., LED bulbs).
- Do not leave appliances on standby (TV, chargers).
- Use a geyser timer to reduce electricity use.
- Boil only the amount of water you need in the kettle.
Conclusion
Electricity is an essential but costly resource. By understanding how it is measured and charged,
we can calculate our usage and manage it better. Using electricity wisely helps us save money and
also protects the environment.
