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ALSO BY DAVID K. FRASIER

Russ Meyer — The Life and Films:


A Biography and a Comprehensive Illustrated and
Annotated Filmography and Bibliography
(McFarland, ¡997)

Murder Cases of the Twentieth Century:


Biographies and Bibliographies of 280 Convicted and Accused Killers
(McFarland, ¡996)
Suicide in the
Entertainment
Industry
An Encyclopedia of
840 Twentieth Century Cases
DAVID K. FRASIER
Foreword by Kenneth Anger

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers


Jefferson, North Carolina, and London
The present work is a reprint of the illustrated case bound edition
of Suicide in the Entertainment Industry: An Encyclopedia
of 840 Twentieth Century Cases, first published in 2002 by
McFarland.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA


Frasier, David K., ¡95¡—
Suicide in the entertainment industry : an encyclopedia of
840 twentieth century cases / David K. Frasier.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-7864-2333-¡ (softcover : 50# alkaline paper)

¡. Entertainers — Biography — Dictionaries. 2. Celebrities —


Biography — Dictionaries. 3. Entertainers — Suicidal behavior.
4. Celebrities — Suicidal behavior. 5. Entertainers — Death.
6. Celebrities — Death. I. Title.
PN2208.F73 2005 791'.092'2 — dc2¡ [B] 200¡045020

British Library cataloguing data are available

©2002 David K. Frasier. All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form


or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.

Manufactured in the United States of America

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers


Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640
www.mcfarlandpub.com
To my beloved son, Hayden —
my favorite production
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to acknowledge and thank the fol- son they recognized and supported my re-
lowing individuals and institutions without search. I name them here:
whose support this book could not have been Ann Bristow, department head, who sup-
written: plied letters of support on my behalf to vari-
Kenneth Anger, film director and cin- ous funding agencies within the library. When
ema historian, whose Hollywood Babylon routinely asked during the course of my on-
books first fired the imagination of a teenager going research into celebrity self-slaughter if
some thirty years ago. Thank you for the fore- she remembered so-and-so, Ann invariably
word and for the selfless friendship you have replied (before quickly changing the subject),
shown to me and my family throughout the “No, but I’m sure they lived a long, happy life,
years. Je›rey Graf, reference computing coor- and died peacefully surrounded by their lov-
dinator, a colleague and dear friend whose ing family.” Frank Quinn, associate librarian
taste and judgment I value above all others. In and assistant department head, who suggested
addition to providing expert computer sup- cases and was a source of encouragement dur-
port, Je› was also my principal sounding ing the research and writing of this book. Jian
board throughout every phase of the project. Liu, associate librarian, whose expertise on the
Michael Newton, author of Encyclopedia of Se- Internet greatly aided me. Anne Graham, se-
rial Killers and many other true crime books, nior reference associate and mother of Sean
whose friendship and support I now accept as Egyhazi, the “little man,” for her friendship
a given in my life. Lee Harris and his wife, and interest. Anne Haynes, associate librar-
Jana Wells, Hollywood friends who pho- ian, for her friendship. Tom Glastras, associ-
tographed many suicide sites and show biz ate librarian emeritus, for his gentle good
graves for this book. Michael Cavanagh, pho- humor and passion for living. Mark Day, as-
tographer at the Indiana University Art Mu- sociate librarian, a friend who finds my re-
seum, a longtime friend who, like the cavalry search interests as arcane as I do his. Celestina
in a B Western, always arrives in the last reel Wroth, assistant librarian and collection man-
to save my life. ager for history, a good friend. Mary Buech-
I would also like to individually thank ley, a former reference colleague whose depar-
my colleagues in the Reference Department ture from the department made my days a bit
of the Main Library, Research Collections, at less entertaining and interesting. Gabriel
Indiana University–Bloomington. While the Swift, o‡ce manager and senior reference as-
majority of them do not share my passion sociate, a new reference colleague who, when
for the darker side of show business, to a per- not imbibing massive quantities of designer

vii
Acknowledgments viii

water, is an acknowledged master of the pie Research Incentive Grant (2000) and an In-
chart. diana University Libraries Research Leave
My thanks are also due to the corps of (¡998). IU collection managers Robert U.
student reference assistants (past and present) Goehlert (Political Science, Economics, Crim-
who have helped me throughout the years. inal Justice), Nancy Boerner (Classical Stud-
Steve Duecker, now a reference maven at Ball ies, Germanic Studies, Comparative Litera-
State University, knows a lot about popular ture), Murlin Croucher (Slavic Studies), and
culture and suggested several cases to me. Marion Frank-Wilson (African Studies) were
Other reference assistants to whom I owe a sources of support and helpful translators.
debt of gratitude: Gina Bush, Joe Tennis, Vic- Professor Murray Sperber, IU Department of
toria S. White, Jennifer He›ron, David Gon- English and American Studies, a hard-work-
soroski, Sarah Hammill, Martha Lorber, Mer- ing source of inspiration. Emeritus professor
lyne Howell, Caroline Seigel, Joshua Carson, Charles Forker, IU Department of English,
and Rebecca Olson. This book could not have for advice and support. Emeritus professor
been written without the dedicated assistance Robert H. Ferrell, IU Department of History,
of the Document Delivery Services depart- for his support and unfailing interest. Dr.
ment at Indiana University–Bloomington. John Walsh, IU Lead Electronic Text Special-
Two respected colleagues and treasured ist and leader of the Sinkholes, for suggesting
friends, Rhonda Long and Ron Luedemann, entries and providing documentation in the
deserve special thanks for borrowing at my re- area of popular music. Dennis O’Brien for
quest hundreds of reels of microfilmed news- suggesting entries in music and providing doc-
papers from libraries throughout the world. umentation. Friends Jimmie Onken and
Other noteworthy DDS sta›ers (past and pre- Hugh Barbry, IU Main Library mail room, for
sent) include P. Gail McKenzie, Rita Rogers, their encouragement and support. Ann Trisler,
and Elizabeth Knoerle. Diana Hanson, Marty suggestions and friendship. Cynthia L. Stokes,
Sorury, and Sherry Brookbank of the Micro- assistant librarian, IU-PUI reference depart-
forms Department were instrumental in facil- ment, for her interest, research assistance, and
itating my research by making hundreds of support. The late Dan Etter, good guy and
photocopies from this microfilm. interested friend. “Skip” Bawel and Hugh
I would also like to thank the following Wittenbraker, voices from the past, for all the
individuals and institutions, most notably for movies. Radha Surya, IU Electronic Text Sup-
the information they supplied and their sup- port Specialist, for her friendship.
port. Geographically, they include: MICHIGAN : Dan Carmine, friend and
CALIFORNIA: Russ Meyer, film director case consultant.
and head of RM Films International, a dear NEVADA: Guy Rocha, archivist, Nevada
friend who generously showed me around State Archives, a man whose family has ex-
Hollywood. Dace Taube, curator of the Re- perienced the tragedy chronicled in this
gional History Collection at the University of book.
Southern California, for her assistance in se- OHIO: Beau David Case, head, Linguis-
curing several of the photos in this book. Bill tics and West European Languages Library,
Margold, porn performer and historian. Ohio State University, for suggesting numer-
ILLINOIS: C. Brian Smith, friend and ref- ous cases, providing documentation, and
erence librarian at Judson College–Elgin, who, being a friend.
while a student reference assistant at Indiana PENNSYLVANIA: Jack Widner, head of In-
University, researched several cases. I miss see- structional Services, Edinboro University of
ing him on a daily basis. Pennsylvania, supplied me with several cases
INDIANA: This project was supported by from the world of popular music.
an Indiana University Librarians Association VIRGINIA : Dr. Samuel Stetson, noted
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ix Acknowledgments

authority on the history of “sex in the cinema” It was a great comfort to know that after a day
and a trusted friend for two decades. spent plodding through a litany of broken
Lastly, I would like to thank my wife, lives all ending in self-inflicted death that I
Mary, and son, Hayden, for their love, pa- could return home to them … and life.
tience, and understanding. While only they
know if my absence from home every week- David K. Frasier
end during the years spent writing this book Bloomington, Indiana
was a hardship or a blessing, I want them to Fall 200¡
know that I deeply appreciate their sacrifice.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
Foreword by Kenneth Anger ¡
Preface 3

The Cases 5

Bibliography 357
Appendix I: Occupations 365
Appendix II: Methods of Suicide 375
Index 381

xi
“I don’t know why she killed herself. She had hundreds of people around her.
Maybe she died of loneliness.”— Jay Kent, brother of
Marilyn Monroe look-alike and suicide Kay Kent.
FOREWORD
“Always do what you are afraid to do.”— Emerson

Lighten up. Each of us has at some point posite Eros, the Life Instinct, lies the realm of
in our lives contemplated suicide. It’s only Thanatos, the Death Instinct. Thanatos,
human. The showfolk in this volume did more brother of Eros, has his charms, fatal for the
than contemplate a final curtain; they suc- merry crew whose calculated conclusions
ceeded in carrying out the act. So you can make up the bulk of this book.
consider these cautionary tales, on their own You will find in David Frasier’s exhaus-
terms, as success stories. They wanted to bow tively researched compendium of cancelled ca-
out. Boy, they succeeded. reers some of the more emblematic suicides
When Tom Mix died in a car crash I was touched upon in my Hollywood Babylon
just beginning to read, and as I had already de- books, such as the fatal plunge of Peg Ent-
cided Tom Mix was my favorite Western star, wistle from the top of the “Hollywood” Sign,
my eyes were drawn to the headline on the or Lupe Velez’s lurid final act on my street in
front page of the Los Angeles Examiner, “Tom Beverly Hills, North Alpine Drive, but you
Mix Dead!” I asked my grandmother, “What will find many more tragic tales of faces today
is dead?” She replied, “Death is sleep. Peace.” forgotten, once famous and beloved, or the
Not a bad explanation to give a boy just learn- talented artists, the make-up geniuses who
ing to read, before he had personally experi- created those faces, and the creators of gowns
enced death. That came soon enough. Spot, that turned shopgirls into goddesses. All of
the puppy I won as a prize conducting my Toy these lives, and deaths, famous or obscure, re-
Orchestra, was poisoned by the gardener of tain our interest in Frasier’s pithy and mordant
the large estate across the street. Ground glass portraits.
mixed in a ball of raw hamburger. (This gar- All major religions condemn the act of
dener, a fanatical neatnik who hated all dogs suicide, save one: Aleister Crowley’s Thelema.
as potential poopers on his manicured lawn, In Crowley’s credo, Liber LXXVII, also called
got away with the crime.) I buried Spot among Liber OZ, we discover these rules:
the zinnias in our back yard, and I learned
about death. Man has the right to live by his own law —
All creatures want to live. (As Susan to live in the way that he wills to do,
to work as he will,
Hayward screamed in the movie with the same to play as he will,
title, I Want to Live! ) Yet as that tarnished icon to rest as he will,
of the 20th century, Freud, pointed out, op- to die when and how he will.

1
Foreword 2

Crowley died a natural death at the age of 72, Mick Jagger’s bedroom on Cheyney Walk in
and though the end was unpleasant — with London. I bound up Marianne’s wrists with
crippling asthma attacks — he stuck it out to one of her deco-patterned scarves and I guess
the bitter end. To each his own. saved her for her latter-day career as a torch
Are suicides cowards, as Mary Karr in- singer. Marianne gave me the scarf as a sou-
sists — newly converted to the Catholic venir — mottled with rust-colored blood
Church and having survived an adolescent at- stains. She promised me she wouldn’t be so
tempt of her own — or are they courageous, as foolish again.
Byron and Baudelaire make claim? Suicide is As I actively intervened in saving the life
a ceremony in which the actor is both killer of Marianne Faithfull from an ill-considered
and victim — a truly juicy dual role. These ac- suicide, I would, if I could, intervene in many
tors choose to hang themselves, take poison, of the cases in this volume and try to dissuade
jump from high buildings, pierce their breasts them. There are ill-considered suicides, and
with knives, slash their wrists with razors, there are considered suicides, such as Richard
shoot themselves, drown, die by every means Farnsworth’s choice of shooting himself to
imaginable. shorten the agony of terminal cancer, calling
These are those who actively woo death. Prince Sirki, as Thanatos was called in Death
This volume doesn’t deal with the slow sui- Takes a Holiday, superbly portrayed by Fred-
cides — smoking and drinking — the chronic eric March.
suicides that pursue a reckless and heedless I continue to live by Crowley’s credo,
lifestyle, that must include serial sexual en- which allows it is “OK” to take your own life
counters. if that is your will. Yet the loss of my friends
I count among my personal losses in the haunts me still. I think it’s probably true that
show business community my friend James the dead continue to live in us, in both nega-
Whale, the witty and brilliant director of tive and positive ways. Death is part and par-
Frankenstein and The Bride of Frankenstein; cel of the Sweet Mystery of Life.
Fred Halsted, pioneer in gay erotica; Donald So, dear reader, this book is not for the
Cammell, another Brit who chose to die by tenderhearted. You have been warned.
the gun in the manner prefigured in his mas- This is a book for Brave Hearts — who
terpiece Performance. Then there were a cou- can look life and death in the face. Brave
ple of screenwriters who gave up fighting the Hearts, read on.
Hollywood machine, and my own cameraman
for my film Lucifer Rising, the talented Kenneth Anger
Michael Cooper. A near-loss was the singer “Tinseltown”
and actress Marianne Faithfull, whom I caught Hollywood, California
in the act of slicing her wrists with a razor in Spring 200¡
PREFACE
I was ¡8 years old in ¡969 when a club my interest in movies, and helped form my
called The ¡3th Hour opened in the basement own ambivalent thoughts about “show biz”
of the ABC discount center in Evansville, In- and celebrity.
diana. The venue, what today is called an “all Ironically, I began a correspondence with
ages club,” was what passed for psychedelia in Kenneth Anger while employed as a librarian
southern Indiana in the late sixties. Remark- at the Institute for Sex Research (since re-
ably, this small club was able to book bands named the Kinsey Institute) on the campus of
like Jethro Tull, Blue Cheer, the Flock, and Indiana University in Bloomington. Anger, a
Iron Butterfly for a ticket price of $5.00. Like personal friend of biologist and pioneer sex
every other rock spot of its time, the Hour researcher Alfred C. Kinsey (¡894–¡956), was
was decorated with anti-establishment posters among the Institute’s most celebrated sup-
and lit with blacklights. porters and devoted donors. Correspondence
On my first visit, I noticed an adult with Anger evolved into research assistance
(anyone over 20 was so labelled) projecting a (Hollywood Babylon II, ¡984), and ultimately
¡6mm film on one of the blank walls o› from into a lasting friendship that survived my de-
the stage. The film, Douglas Fairbanks’ ¡924 parture from the Kinsey Institute in ¡987.
silent classic The Thief of Baghdad, prompted In the ensuing years, Anger has played
me to speak to the projectionist, Leroy “Skip” host to me during my frequent visits to Hol-
Bawel. Skip, a knowledgeable film collector, lywood to research independent filmmaker
was kind enough to take me and a friend, Russ Meyer. Anger, a noted director and
Hugh Wittenbraker, under his wing and help knowledgeable cinephile, escorted me on pil-
educate us about movies. grimages to many of the sites featured in this
More importantly, however, Skip intro- catalog of self-slaughter. For a devotee of show
duced me to a book that quite simply changed biz scandal these excursions with Ken into
my life —Hollywood Babylon, Kenneth Anger’s Tinseltown’s underbelly was like being a
chronicle of Tinseltown foibles and tragedy. physics student able to discuss the Theory of
Years later I learned that the ratty paperback Relativity with Einstein.
with the lurid photos that he loaned me was Jump cut to ¡993 when, in my duties as
the pirated ¡965 English language edition of a reference librarian at Indiana University, I
Hollywood Babylone, originally published in consulted the multi-volume Variety Obits to
Paris in ¡959 by J. J. Pauvert. Anger’s graphic answer a question. Perusing the volumes, I was
description of Hollywood decadence, death, immediately struck by two facts. First, that
and scandal fired my imagination, deepened the “bible of show business” did not limit its

3
Preface 4

coverage of entertainment industry deaths to Though, by and large, the deaths of celebrities
the so called “headliners.” Instead, the publi- like Margaret Sullavan (¡960), Diana Barrymore
cation chose to define “show business folk” as (¡960), Alan Ladd (¡964), Gia Scala (¡972), et
belonging to a vast international fraternity. In al. were ruled as “probable accidents,” I chose to
the pages of Variety, deceased big name stars include them because each manifested severe
of stage and screen are listed side by side with depression with concomitant life-threatening
those of vaudeville house ticket takers, theatre behaviors. More problematic are the “marquee
managers, and others in even less glamorous cases” like Paul Bern (¡932), George Reeves
show biz related occupations. Death, after all, (¡959), and Marilyn Monroe (¡962). The truth
is the great leveller. Second, the sheer number surrounding the last moments of these celebri-
of suicides reported in the Variety Obits is im- ties’ lives has been hopelessly obscured by stu-
pressive. The base set alone (¡905–¡978) con- dio cover-ups, possible conspiracies, police in-
tains more than ¡,600 suicides. Add to this the competence, and the inexorable passage of time.
hundreds more that I unearthed in other In the category of “death by lifestyle choice” I
sources (see Bibliography) and it seems as have chosen to include only one individual, Al-
though self-inflicted death in show business is bert Dekker. His bizarre accidental death in
an occupational hazard. ¡968 today seems like a straightforward case of
When I began this project in ¡993, I autoerotic asphyxiation.
naively envisioned an exhaustive encyclope- What remains are 840 suicides taken
dia that would include an entry for every per- from the ranks of vaudeville, film, theatre,
son in the worldwide show business fraternity dance, music, literature (writers with direct
who intentionally took his or her life in the connections to film), and other allied fields in
20th century. After the first few years, I real- the entertainment industry (see Occupations
ized the impossibility of this task. In several Index) ending with the death of actor Rick
instances, I was unable to obtain the newspa- Jason on October ¡5, 2000. Excluded are
per coverage for many of the more obscure sports figures, except for professional wrestlers
cases to be found in Variety. More often than who seem to me to be entertainers first and
not, the newspaper did not even report the athletes second. Selectively included here are
death. Rather than merely paraphrase the Va- the great, near great, has beens, and never
riety obits without further documentation, I weres, all members of the great show business
chose to omit such entries. fraternity who have chosen to dispatch them-
I quickly learned that a large gray area ex- selves for whatever reason in a variety of cre-
ists in show business suicide, i.e., whether the ative ways (see Methods Index).
suicide was accidental, suspected, or resulting In the final analysis, are people connected
from a lifestyle choice. On the whole, I have with show business more likely to take their
omitted accidentally self-inflicted deaths such lives than those working in less ego-bruising
as that of singer Russ Columbo (¡934), Johnny professions? Not being a trained sociologist,
Ace (¡954), Chicago guitarist Terry Kath (¡978), psychologist, or psychiatrist, I would not pre-
and television actor Jon Erik-Hexum (¡984). A sume to o›er a “definitive” answer. However,
notable exception is thirties screen star Thelma after having spent seven years of my life in
Todd, found dead from carbon monoxide poi- close proximity with the tragic people docu-
soning in a garage in ¡935. Though Todd’s mented in this book, I can echo an observa-
death was ruled accidental, it is included here tion made by comedian Richard Lewis on
because her case continues to generate comment show business in general. Delivering the eu-
with current research strongly suggesting that logy at a memorial service for his friend and
“Hot Toddy” was murdered. fellow comedian Steven Lubetkin, who com-
On the other hand, I have been forced to mitted suicide, Lewis said, “The business, by
make judgment calls in several suspected cases. and large, is made up of wallets, not hearts.”
THE CASES
Abingdon, William L. Everybody is against me. One more mistake
Abindgon (born William Lepper Pilgrim and then —‘the great conundrum.’” Four hun-
in Towcester, Northants, England, on May 2, dred people in the theatrical profession at-
¡859) made his first stage appearance in Belfast tended Abingdon’s funeral in Brooklyn’s Ever-
in ¡88¡. On the London stage since April 26, green Cemetery on May ¡9, ¡9¡8.
¡886, the hard-working actor appeared in both
English and American productions until his Acland, Christopher John
suicide in New York City on May ¡7, ¡9¡8.
Late that night, Abingdon’s wife, actress Bijou Dyke
Fernandez, heard groans coming from the Acland (born September 7, ¡966, in Ken-
bathroom of their home at 235 West Seventy- dal, Cumbria, England) enjoyed by his own
sixth Street. Investigating, she found the 59- account a charmed childhood as the son of an
year-old actor bleeding copiously from safety a·uent executive at a local paper mill. In ¡987,
razor slashes to his wrists and throat. Abing- he met fellow English literature student and
don died an hour later in a private hospital. singer-guitarist Miki Berenyi at North Lon-
Friends of the dead actor noted that he had re- don Polytechnic. Lovers for a time, Berenyi
cently been brooding over the outcome of asked Acland to play drums in Lush, the band
World War I and was gravely concerned over she formed with backing vocalist-guitarist
the safety of his two sons in the British mili- Emma Anderson in ¡988. The group signed
tary. with independent label 4AD and, though
At the scene, a medical examiner found never commercially successful, were initially
notes written by Abingdon concealed in a praised by critics as saviors of Britain’s ailing
memorial service booklet distributed at the indie pop scene. From ¡985 through ¡995 the
funeral of his longtime friend, actor William group released four albums and played with
Terriss. Terriss had been murdered at the stage some top American bands on the “Lolla-
door of a theatre following a performance sev- palooza” tour while cementing their o›stage
eral years before. The notes read: “For some reputation as hard core party people around
time I have been su›ering from neurasthenia, London.
melancholia, a desire to avoid people, and a Following an exhausting and disappoint-
lack of interest in anything and everything — ing American tour, the depressed 30-year-old
Haven’t been near the club in weeks. Hiding drummer returned to his family home in
away in cheap picture shows or staying in the Kendal on October ¡2, ¡996, to reassess his
house. Even baseball has no attraction for me. future with the band. Five days later, Acland’s

5
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