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Class 7 Exam > Class 7 Notes > Chapter Notes For Class 7 > Chapter Notes: Life Processes in
Plants
Life Processes in Plants Class 7 Notes Science Chapter 10
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Table of contents
Introduction
How Do Plants Grow?
How Do Plants Get Food for Their Growth?
How Do Leaves Exchange Gases During Photosynthesis?
Terms to Remember
Introduction
All living beings grow and need food for their growth. While animals eat food to grow,
what about plants? Have you ever seen plants eating like animals? As animals grow, their
size and weight increase, and their bodies change. What changes do you notice in plants as
they grow?
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Food provides nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, along
with water, all essential for growth.
Let’s explore how plants obtain these nutrients for their growth.
How Do Plants Grow?
Plant growth involves visible changes such as the emergence of new leaves and branches,
increased height, and a thicker stem.
These changes occur as plants obtain essential resources like water, sunlight, and
nutrients from their environment.
Role of Sunlight and Water
Sunlight provides energy for food production, while water is crucial for nutrient
transport and maintaining plant structure.
Plants grown with both sunlight and water show better growth, with more leaves,
greater height, and vibrant green leaves, compared to those lacking either resource.
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For instance, a plant without water may wilt or die, and one without sunlight may
have pale or yellow leaves due to reduced food production.
Fascinating Fact
The ancient Indian text Vrikshayurveda states, “Trees do not produce fruits and
flowers merely because they are planted.”
This text contains valuable observations about plant growth, soil, and farming
methods to improve crop health and yield.
Based on practical experience and long-term patterns, it systematically guides
agricultural practices.
For example, it describes ways to prepare organic manure using water, barley, and
seeds like green gram, black gram, and horse gram.
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Question for Chapter Notes: Life Processes in Plants
Try yourself: What do roots absorb from the soil for plant growth?
a. Carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
b. Fruits and flowers
c. Sunlight and air
d. Water and minerals
View Solution
How Do Plants Get Food for Their Growth?
Unlike animals, plants produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis,
primarily in their leaves. This food, stored as starch (a carbohydrate), provides energy and
building blocks for growth.
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Leaves: The 'Food Factories' of Plants
Leaves are the primary sites for food production due to their broad, flat structure and the
presence of chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures sunlight. Chlorophyll enables
leaves to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food.
Starch Production
Leaves store food as starch, a carbohydrate.
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The presence of starch can be confirmed by an iodine test, where a leaf turns blue-
black if starch is present.
This indicates that the leaf has produced food.
Dive Deeper
Decolourisation of a leaf in the beginning of testing enables us to easily observe
colour change and, thus, the presence of starch.
Fascinating Facts
Some plant leaves look red, violet, or brown because they have more colored
pigments than green chlorophyll, which hides the green color. Some of these
pigments also assist in photosynthesis. You can perform an iodine test on such
leaves to detect starch, which shows that photosynthesis has occurred.
Chlorophyll
Leaves have green and non-green patches due to the presence or absence of
chlorophyll.
Starch is produced only in the green parts of the leaf where chlorophyll is present.
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Non-green patches usually lack sufficient chlorophyll and do not produce detectable
starch.
The presence of starch can be confirmed by performing an iodine test, where starch
turns blue-black.
Leaves exposed to sunlight produce starch, while leaves kept in darkness do not, even
if they have green patches.
This shows that chlorophyll, in the presence of sunlight, is essential for the
preparation of starch in plants.
Because leaves produce food through this process, they are often called the “food
factories” of plants.
Question for Chapter Notes: Life Processes in Plants
Try yourself: What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?
a. Captures sunlight for photosynthesis
b. Stores food as starch
c. Produces oxygen during respiration
d. Absorbs water from the soil
View Solution
Role of Air in Food Preparation
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Air, specifically carbon dioxide, is a key component in photosynthesis. Plants take in
carbon dioxide from the air to produce food.
Carbon Dioxide Requirement
Carbon dioxide from the air is essential for plants to prepare food (starch).
When a leaf is kept in an environment without carbon dioxide, starch is not produced
in that part.
This shows that carbon dioxide is a key ingredient required for photosynthesis.
Oxygen Release During Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants release oxygen gas.
Oxygen production is evident when plants are exposed to sunlight, and bubbles of
oxygen can be observed.
The release of oxygen confirms that photosynthesis happens only in the presence of
sunlight.
Activity showing the release of oxygen during
photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis: In a Nutshell
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon
dioxide, and water to produce glucose (a simple carbohydrate) and oxygen.
Glucose serves as an immediate energy source and can be converted into starch for
storage.
The word equation for photosynthesis is:
Oxygen is released as a by-product, which is vital for the survival of other living
beings.
Photosynthesis occurs mainly in leaves but also in other green parts of the plant
containing chlorophyll.
Know A Scientist: Rustom Hormusji Dastur
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Many scientists worldwide have contributed to understanding photosynthesis. In
India, Rustom Hormusji Dastur (1896–1961) was a notable plant scientist who
studied this process. He served as the head of the Botany Department at the Royal
Institute of Science, Bombay (now the Institute of Science, Mumbai) from 1921 to
1935. Dastur researched how factors like water availability, temperature, and light
color affect photosynthesis, highlighting their importance in the process.
How Do Leaves Exchange Gases During Photosynthesis?
Leaves have tiny pores called stomata on their surface, which facilitate the exchange
of gases during photosynthesis and respiration.
These pores allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and oxygen to
exit as a by-product.
Stomata also play a role in respiration by allowing oxygen intake and carbon dioxide
release.
Stomata
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Chapter Notes: Life Processes in Plants
Transport in Plants
Plants have a transport system to move water, minerals, and food to different parts,
ensuring growth and survival.
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, which are transported to other parts
of the plant through specialized tissues called Xylem.
All living beings need water to grow, and plants use water for photosynthesis.
Water and minerals from the soil are absorbed by the roots of plants.
Minerals are essential nutrients for plant growth.
Water and minerals travel from the roots to other parts of the plant through a tissue
called xylem.
The xylem consists of thin tube-like structures in stems, branches, and leaves that
carry water and dissolved minerals upward.
The movement of water and minerals can be demonstrated by placing plant twigs in
colored water, where the color travels up the stem and into leaves and flowers.
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Water transported through the xylem supports various functions in the plant.
Transport of Food
Food produced in the leaves (glucose or starch) is distributed to non-green parts of
the plant, such as roots, stems, and fruits, for growth and storage, through
specialized tissue called phloem
Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis, where food is prepared.
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The phloem is vascular tissue that transports food from the leaves to other parts of
the plant.
This ensures that areas not involved in photosynthesis, like roots and developing
fruits, receive the energy and nutrients they need.
Some of this transported food is stored in other parts of the plant, such as seeds and
roots.
Question for Chapter Notes: Life Processes in Plants
Try yourself: What is the function of stomata in leaves?
a. Produce glucose
b. Exchange gases
c. Transport water
d. Store starch
View Solution
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Do Plants Respire?
Plants, like animals, respire to produce energy for growth and other functions.
Respiration occurs in all parts of the plant, whether green or non-green.
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During respiration, plants break down glucose using oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide,
water, and energy. The word equation for respiration is:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
The energy released supports processes like growth, cell repair, and nutrient
transport.
An experiment with soaked moong bean seeds shows that carbon dioxide is released
during respiration, which turns lime water milky.
This carbon dioxide comes from the seeds respiring inside the flask.
The energy produced in respiration is used by plants for growth and development.
All parts of the plant, whether green or non-green, carry out respiration.
Plants have distinct processes for synthesizing food (photosynthesis), transporting
food, and using it to produce energy (respiration).
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Respiration in Plants
Terms to Remember
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon
dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
Chlorophyll: A green pigment in leaves that captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
Stomata: Tiny pores on leaf surfaces that allow gas exchange (carbon dioxide in,
oxygen out) during photosynthesis and respiration.
Xylem: Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to other parts
of the plant.
Phloem: Vascular tissue that transports food (glucose or starch) from leaves to other
parts of the plant.
Respiration: The process by which plants break down glucose using oxygen to release
energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Glucose: A simple carbohydrate produced during photosynthesis, used as an energy
source or stored as starch.
Starch: A carbohydrate stored in plants, produced from glucose during
photosynthesis.
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