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Passing It O n -
A M em oir
By Yuri Nakahara Kochiyama
U C LA Asian American Studies Center Spring 1998 Scholar-in-Residencc
Edited by M arjorie Lee,
Akem i Kochiyam a-Sardinha, and
Audee Kochiyam a-H olm an
U CLA Asian American Studies Center Press
Copyright 2004, Yuri Kochiyama and the
U CLA Asian American Studies Center Press Thifd piinting (2007)
All rights reserved. No pari of this book covered by the Copyright hereon may be repro-
duced or used in any form or by any means— graphic, electronic, or mechanical, includ-
ing photocopying, recording, taping, or Information storage and retrieval Systems— wilh-
out written permission of the author and the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2004100253
ISBN 0-934052-37-9 (softcover)
ISBN 0-934052-38-7 (hardcover)
C o pyedit in c by Brandy Lien W orrall
G raphic design /prod uctio n by M ary Uyematsu Kao
C over design by Mary Uyematsu Kao
S enior Eoiting by Russell C . Leong, U C L A A sian A merican S tud ies C enter P ress
All photographs and images in this publication are courtesy of the Yuri Kochiyama C o l
lection, Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles or are by courtesy of
Kochiyama family.
Cover photographs—
Fronlcover: Yuri with lwo activists speaking at a movement event, New York, circa
1970s.
Backcover: Yuri at the 125th Street Subway Station, New York City's Harlem, circa
1980s.
U C LA Asian American Studies Center Press
3230 Campbell Hall, Box 951546
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1546
I Stal«.
Vf Ob
.. .is dedicated to
my late husband, Bill Kochiyam a;
my two children, B illy and A ich i
w ho passed away prematurely;
my surviving children,
Herbie, Audee, and Herb
Audee, Eddie, Jim my, and Tommy,
More, Akemi, Leil.ini and Malia
and their spouses,
H erb, Ram, A lison, and Julie;
my two oldest grandchildren,
Z u lu and A kem i,
and their spouses, M asai and Marc;
my younger grandchildren,
H erbie III, Ryan, Traci, Maya,
Christopher, A liya, and Kahlil;
& my great-grandchildren,
Masai, Kai, Zulu and Kenji Kai, Leilani, Kenji, and M alia.
I feel there is no way
I can thank you enough
for all you mean to me and
have done for me.
Ryan, Traci, Christopher, Julie and
Tommy (rirx kwisi rnou toimefi )
M.iy.1, Jimmy, Aliya, Alison and Kahlil iii
(F rom lett ) Grace Lee Boggs, Yuri and Nobuko Miyamoto attending
a Student Conference on the Asian American Movement at U CLA , May 1998.
IV
Table of Contents
A cknow ledgm ents vii
Foreword
A kemi Kochiyama -S ardinha xi
Preface xix
Introduction xxiii
Editor's Note xxvi
Pässing It O n — A M em oir
1 M y Pärents 3
2 C ro w in g U p Fast: C h ild h o o d , W ar, and C am p 9
3 A Tribu te to M y Bill 23
4 After the W ar: M arriage, Parenthood, and N e w York 39
5 R aising Six C h ild re n in the S iz z lin g Sixties 47
6 M alcolm X and the Kochiyam as 67
7 Tragedy and Blessing: Billy, A ich i, and A lkam al 79
8 Frie n d sW h o Becam e Fam ily 97
9 "Christm as C hee r"— Fam ily Newsletter, 1 9 4 9 -1 9 6 8 107
10 "North Star"— Fam ily M ovement Newsletter, 1 9 6 5-1 96 9 117
11 Supporting Political Prisoners:
Mtayari Shabaka Sundiata, M um ia Abu Jamal, and M arilyn Bu ck 127
12 A sian and A sian A m erican Political Prisoners:
Steve Yip, Yu Kikum ura, D avid W ong, and Eddy Zh e n g 139
13 The Trip to C uba: The 19th V encerem os Brigade, 1988 151
14 People's W ar in Peru: W hat is its Sign ifican ceTo day? 157
15 Three Icons in the Movement:
Lolita Lebron, Assata Shakur, and Leonard Peltier 163
16 The A sian A m erican M ovem ent 167
17 N e w A dditions to the Fam ily: T he "K -B ears" 175
Epi logue— Five Years Later 181
A ppendices
Appendix 1 Sgt. W illiam M. Kochiyama "Battle Honors— Citation of Unit" 189
Appendix 2 "The Role of the Nisei Soldier" by Bill Kochiyama 190
Appendix 3 "A Song for Redress/Reparation" by Yuri Kochiyama 194
Appendix 4 "Scrapbook Memories, 1942" by Yuri Kochiyama 195
Appendix 5 "Yuri's Rock" by Zayid Muhammad 1 96
S elected A rticles and S peeches by Y uri K ochiyama
Appendix 6 "Third World'VAsian Americans for Action Newsletter 1 99
Appendix 7 "A History of Linkage: African and Asian, African-American and
Asian-American'Vlnstitute of Multiracial Justice newsletter 201
Appendix 8 "Mothers and Daughters"/"Discover your Mission" pamphlet 204
Appendix 9 Yuri's Handwritten Notes from "Malcolm X: For the Second and
Third Craders.. "/"Discover your Mission" pamphlet 211
Appendix 10 "After the Cease Fire— What?"/Asian Americans for Action newsletter 215
N ewsletters
Appendix 11 "On the Line"/442nd Association newsletter 218
Appendix 12 The NSO's FE-MAIL/Nisei Service Organization newsletter 219
Appendix 13 "Editorial'VNisei Service Organization newsletter 220
Appendix 14 NSSO FE-MAIL/Nisei-Sino Service Organization newsletter 221
Appendix 15 "Editorial'TChristmas Cheer" family newsletter 2 22
Appendix 16 Rage 1 of "Christmas Cheer" family newsletter 2 23
Appendix 17 Coverpage and page 1/Asian Americans for Action newsletter 224
Appendix 18 Yuri Kochiyama: Community and Political Resume 226
Acknowledgments
My "Scholar-in-Residence" appointment in 1998 was made possible by
generous resources provided through the UCLA's Japanese American Studies
Endowed Chair and the Nikkei Remembrance Fund. The Endowment and
Fund, created by the generosity of the Japanese American alumni and friends
of the university, paved the way for the coliective effort of many people who
helped me begin writing my memoirs. I will be forever grateful that they
gave me this unusual opportunity.
Some people have encouraged me to write my memoirs, and I thank
them all for their interest in me. Though my life does not seem particularly
special, I hope I can make this a worthwhile reading to the "grands" and
"greatgrands." Many people have inspired me; so many events have opened
my eyes and my mind. My family has always been my home base (base of
Operation) and kept me grounded from going off into space. Their patience
and understanding have allowed me to be independent.
For the general direction of my adult life, I credit my husband Bill, who
has always been a major part of my life. We always did things together, and
he supported me even if he did not always agree with me. I wish he were
with me now, so that we could be writing this together. He was the real
journalist in the family. I think, though, he has been and still is right now
advising and directing me from wherever he is.
I am also grateful to every member of the K family—their spouses,
children, and pets (Frida, Sachi, and Rocky), who are an integral part of our
family. My Los Angeles family—Jimmy and Alison, and Tommy and Julie—
let me stay at their homes on Weekends and provided overall care for me
throughout my UCLA appointment. I looked forward to interacting with the
grand-children—Maya, Aliya, Kahlil, Ryan, Traci, and Christophen Family
members in the Northern California area—Audee and Herb Holman, and
Eddie Kochiyama and Pam Wu—initially showed a curious interest of what I
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was doing, as well as my grown grandchildren in New York—Zulu Williams
and his wife Masai, and Akemi Kochiyama-Sardinha and her husband Marc
Sardinha. Writing about myself proved to be quite an undertaking, and my
first completed draft provoked considerable dialogue among my children.
After completing the first of what would be many drafts, I received
valuable assistance from Audee and Akemi, who played especially critical
roles in guiding me and communicating the concerns of the K family. They
sacrificed much of their time in the midst of demanding family, career, and
academic obligations. They helped me proof, rewrite, and fill in some of the
gaps to my personal and political life with their own reflections.
University members who opened the door for me were Don Nakanishi,
Director of the Asian American Studies Center; Glenn Omatsu, former
associate editor; Mary Kao, production designer who transformed the
manuscript into a book; Professor Valerie Matsumoto and the late Professor
Yuji Ichioka, who provided me with books to read; and Raul Ebio, who
provided Computer assistance. I especially want to thank Russell Leong
and Brandy Lien Worrall, the Center's Publications editors, who provided
technical guidance and brought the manuscript to publication.
There were also Center staff and students who volunteered to give
me much-needed and dependable transportation to school: Judy Soo
Hoo, Malcolm Kao, Leslie Ito, and Nancy Kim. I also enjoyed the warm
relationship of Center staff: Sefa Aina, Meg Thornton, and Cathy Castor. To
all those who helped make my Los Angeles residence memorable and the
many, many revisions to my manuscript possible—a BIG thanks!
When I first arrived at UCLA, Renee Tajima-Pena and Armando Pena
provided me with a Computer I could use away from campus. The lovely
house owned by the Niwa family at which I resided was arranged through
Rev. Mark Nakagawa of West Los Angeles United Methodist Church, who
gave the Center the contact för UCLA to rent suitable accommodations for
me. I am thankful to Asayo Sakemi and Leona Daley, who were kind and
helpful to me as next-door neighbors.
I am also so grateful to Mr. Arthur Tobier, who, years ago in the early
1980s, interviewed me for the Community Documentation Workshop's oral
histories series on people who worked and lived in New York City. Out of
his efforts, my oral history was published and has actually been a valuable
viii Yi'w Ko ^ -1’assingltOn
reference for me regarding so many things that happened a long time ago and
since forgotten.
My main supporter who kept me going throughout this long process was
Marji Lee, UCLA Asian American Studies Center's librarian. Assigned with
the daunting task of supervising and monitoring my progress and day-to-
day needs in 1998, Marji provided me with many suggestions and advice
even when I just wanted to quit. Without her continuous encouragement,
coaching, and reminders to keep focused, the editing of drafts and the final
manuscript to publish this memoir would never have been completed.
I thank her and all her colleagues at UCLA for making possible this
opportunity to pass it on.
There was a two-year period I was not in touch with Marji. I was shocked
to find out that she was fighting cancer.
Düring her treatment, she even made an
effort, with the help of her family, to attend
my big eightieth birthday party here in
Oakland. She lost her hair and was totally
bald. I will not forget Marji's determina-
tion to help me finish my memoir even
after her treatment was completed, after
having gone through such a critical and
dangerous affliction. Her selflessness
made this book possible.
For any others unnamed and whose
assistance, small or large, was extended,
please accept my humble thanks. 1 cannot
remember or name you all, but you know
who you are and what you have done for
me.
Vuri returning to UCLA's Campbell Hall
after giving a lecture in Professor Valerie
Matsumoto's Asian American Studies
dass. Spring 1998.
A cknowi i ; x ; mi.\ : s
Yuri, Angela Davis and Akemi Kochiyama-Sardinha, October 1997.
Angela Davis moderated ihe African/Asian Round Table al San Francisco State University.
Y uri Koch v\-Passing It On
Foreword
ByAkemi Kochiyama-Sardinha
In helping Yuri edit what would become her memoir, my Aunt Audee and
I faced two obstacles. For one, we realized how difficult it was for my
grandmother to talk about herseif, so throughout the book she often reverts
to playing an advocacy role for the causes she supports rather than conveying
her personal insights and life experiences. The other difficulty is that because
she speaks in a more rhetorical manner when addressing certain issues
or events, she reflects a political viewpoint that might not be accessible to
the average reader. Because my grandmother is who she is, all of us who
played an editorial role agreed that while we could make occasional edits
and changes, we could not change Yuri's voice, passion, issues, or people to
highlight.
As her second oldest grandchild, I have found that being a member of Yuri
Kochiyama's family has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand,
you receive all the benefits of her character as a living example of what it
means to be compassionate, courageous, selfless, principled, and committed.
On the other hand, living with someone like Yuri is often as frustrating as it is
rewarding and can be downright maddening at times.
For people like my grandmother who grew up during the Depression,
experienced the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans into concentration
camps during World War II, and became transformed by the social
movements of the 1960s, life's priorities are organized differently. Thus,
things like values and principles, movements, demonstrations, petitions,
court hearings, Community concerns, and so forth take greater precedence
over the everyday situations that concern the rest of us mere mortals. Basic
activities like eating, sleeping, and spending quality time with the family can
often take a back seat when lives are hanging in the balance, leaflets have to
be mailed, rallies have to be organized, meetings have to be attended, and
speeches have to be written. These were—and still are—the priorities that
have occupied my grandmother's life for as long as I can remember.
I grew up in Harlem very close to Grandma Yuri and Grandpa Bill for
most of my life and was not entirely aware of how unusual a life they led
until I became an adult. All the house guests, activists, Organizers, artists, and
characters who converged in their home every week of every month of every
year of their lives was, to me, how everybody lived—or so I thought. Like all
of Yuri's children, I was trained probably as soon as I could walk and talk to
be a coat-checker, table-setter, hostess, and cook (for home gatherings), and
collator, leaflet distributor, and demonstrator (for political events). Although
those types of duties and responsibilities at such a young age might not
sound like much fun, those experiences, probably more than any other in
my life so far, shaped the person I am today. Thus, for me, as it probably is
for most of our family as well as the many others who have become a part of
Yuri's extended family, the culture of her life has been infectious.
Now that I am an adult and have the benefit of perspective and reflection,
I can see how living the type of life Yuri has chosen to lead has had its
rewards and benefits, as well as great sacrifices for her and her immediate
family. Because I lost both of my parents just a few years before my
grandfather Bill passed away, and because by that time most of our family
had migrated to the West Coast, Yuri and I became especially dependent
on each other for the period of years that preceded her own move out west.
1t was during this time that I got to know my grandmother as a public
person and what it really takes to do what she has been doing her whole
life. I traveled with her to out-of-town speaking engagements, helped edit
her speeches, chauffeured her to and from political events and meetings,
cooked for her, and helped do her mailings, which, under Yuri's supervision,
is a tedious, demanding, and serious task. An alternately enlightening,
exasperating, and awesome experience, getting to know my grandmother
in this way has given me a unique perspective on her life, politics, and
personality.
What strikes me most about this memoir is what it does not say. From my
perspective, some of the most important moments, accomplishments, and
events in her life are not described in her own memoir. There are so many
XI1 Yi'iti KooiiYAMA-Passing It On
Stories I wish she had told and political ideas and philosophies I wish she
had shared here because I know that she has said and done a lot more than
is captured in these pages. More importantly, though, I believe that were
they told, these Stories would serve both to explain her personal and political
evolution more clearly, as well as demonstrate the depth of her sensitivity
and commitment to humanity at the most basic levels.
For example, Yuri does not talk about her involvement in the Puerto Rican
Independence movement and the fact that she participated in the takeover
of the Statue of Liberty in 1977. As a result of her involvement in this bold
act—which Yuri takes great pride in—she was arrested along with several
Puerto Rican and movement activists. I will never forget the shock of seeing
my grandmother on the evening news in handcuffs being escorted into a
police paddy wagon.
Also absent is any description of the redress and reparations movement
for Japanese Americans in which both my grandmother and grandfather Bill
played a crucial part. One of the few that achieved success in that Japanese
Americans ultimately won reparations for their unjust incarceration during
World War II, this movement was an important and significant struggle
(and victory) not only for Japanese Americans, but also for other groups still
fighting for reparations.
An equally important yet little known fact about my grandmother that she
neglects to share here is her passionate commitment to community Service
and volunteerism. While growing up in San Pedro, Yuri volunteered for
numerous organizations serving children and families in her hometown. I
think many would be impressed to know that her dedication to helping
people did not get completely usurped by her political involvement as an
adult. In addition to all of her movement activities, Yuri still found the
time to volunteer at soup kitchens and homeless shelters in numerous New
York City churches and taught English conversation dasses to international
students at Riverside Church in Harlem for most of the 1980s through the
mid-1990s.
I also wish Yuri had written about how she met Malcolm X and how this
meeting, his political philosophy, and their friendship would ultimately
affect her life. While she does talk extensively about Malcolm's exceptional
character and his significance to the movement, she does not describe her
personal interactions with him, her involvement with his Organization of
Kok i WORD Xill
African American Unity, nor her presence at his assassination at the Audubon
Ballroom on February 21,1965. This is a day I am certain she will never
forget and one that has prompted her faithful participation in nearly every
Malcolm X annual pilgrimage up until 1999 (when she left New York and
resettled in California). Without question, Malcolm X was and still is the
single most influential person in Yuri's political development. As she often
says, Malcolm was her "political awakening."
However, this is her memoir, not mine. If I have grown to understand
anything about Yuri—through the course of our lives together and the often
challenging process of working with her on writing her own memoir—it is
that she has a very unique and specific approach to living and understanding
life. It is one from which she cannot be swayed. Although I may not have
agreed with some of the struggles and individuals she chose to represent in
her memoir, I do respect and understand her resolve. Neither a politician
nor political theorist, Yuri is an activist in the purest of senses. Consequently,
she is passionate about and acts on behalf of anyone or any group that she
perceives as fighting for liberation and freedom from oppression.
While my grandmother's memoir is undoubtedly full of paradoxes,
contradictions, and odd silences, her commitment to humanity and social
justice is and has always been unambiguous and unconditional. She
has participated in a wide ränge of political, cultural, and community
movements, activities, and struggles (too many for her to have even recalled)
and has been inspired by a diversity of artists, writers, poets, political
activists, leaders and Organizers. Thus, in my view, there are several specific
themes that have consistently dominated Yuri's life. These are her sincere
love for humanity, her commitment to friendship, and her unswerving
conviction on the power and importance of coalition-building across culture,
race, dass, and gender.
Anyone who has ever met Yuri knows that she cares deeply about people
and how we treat each other. While this may seem like a simple and common
human trait to some, I would argue that Yuri's commitment to respecting
each individual person and defending each person's right to liberty, freedom,
and justice are the bedrock of her personal and political consciousness. It
is from this foundation that her passion and unwavering commitment to
the struggle for the rights of political prisoners and of all oppressed people
grows. It is her love of humanity that has inspired her to dedicate practically
XIV Y uri Ko ci »YAMA-Passing It On
every waking moment of her life to the struggle, and it is this inspiration that
makes her resilient, strong, and tireless.
It is also from this same place that her commitment to family, to
community, and to friendship grows. Anyone who knows Yuri knows that
she has a lot of friends. In fact, I don't think I have ever met anyone who has
more friends. A good listener and avid letter writer, Yuri has an amazing
capacity to offer Support to and keep in touch with countless friends across
distance and time. From high school acquaintances to political comrades and
prisoners, to the numerous students she has met throughout her many years
on the college-speaker Circuit, Yuri manages to stay in contact with almost
everyone she has ever met. Sending postcards, letters, holiday greetings,
flyers, announcements and petitions to all of these folks as well as to anyone
and everyone who writes to her is one of the primary reasons why she gets so
little sleep.
As a child I spent many evenings sleeping over at my grandparents'
apartment in the Manhattanville Projects. One of my most distinct memories
from back then is saying goodnight to Yuri who would always be sitting
amidst a sea of envelopes, stamps, and Stacks and Stacks of papers at the
kitchen table when I was getting ready for bed. When I would ask her what
she was doing, she would usually teil me that she was writing to people
in prison and that it was very important to write to them because in their
loneliness and isolation behind the wall, human correspondence was vitally
important to their survival. Even when I would creep out of bed in the early
morning hours to peek at her, she would still be in the kitchen writing.
I rarely saw my grandmother sleep in those days, and very little has
changed about her since then. While it may drive those of us who are closest
to her crazy (especially around the holiday season when she spends many
sleepless nights coordinating, composing, addressing and mailing hundreds
of pieces of correspondence), staying in touch with her friends in this manner
is one of her biggest priorities.
Finally, Yuri's dedication to coalition-building is central to everything she
is and does. Anyone who has ever been a guest at Yuri's home in Harlem
or at a political event she has organized, can attest to the fact that Yuri's
personal relationships and political alliances cross all socially constructed
boundaries. As a Student of cultural anthropology, I am constantly reminded
that the emphasis on "multi-culturalism" and "diversity" is a fairly recent
HnRIWORD XV
and important "politieally correct" trend in education, the political arena, and
populär media. What strikes me most about this phenomenon in relation
to my grandmother is that multiculturalism and diversity have always
been a critical part of her personal and political philosophy and thus the
culture of my family and our wider community. Although I usually describe
myself (geographically and culturally) as a "Harlemite" when I think of the
"community" in which I was raised—the community in which Yuri and
Bill raised us all—I think of a community that included Asian Americans,
African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, and people of widely
disparate social and economic backgrounds, religious affiliations, and sexual
Orientations. Yuri's ability to encourage, inspire, and motivate a broad ränge
of communities to struggle in unity and to build coalitions is her greatest
strength and legacy.
Recently, Yuri traveled to New York City in Order to attend the gala
opening of a national exhibit in which she was one of twenty-five people
(aged fifty to 100) who were honored for their contributions to the Harlem
community. It was the first time she had been to New York since she left back
in 1999. Düring this brief visit, she was also honored at an event at St. Mary's
Church on 126th Street. It was hastily organized and informally hosted by
a number of her friends and a coalition of different Asian American, African
American, Latino, anti-war, and Harlem community organizations. I arrived
at the event late, hoping to pick up my grandmother and get back to my
nearby home (where she was staying) in time to finish cooking dinner and
to get my infant daughter ready for bed. Two hours later, I was still waiting
for Yuri, watching in amazement as numerous representatives from various
national and local political, cultural, and community organizations got up
one after another to talk about how Yuri had served as an inspiration to them
personally as well as to their various causes and struggles.
At first, I was somewhat overwhelmed and embarrassed even by the
sheer magnitude of praise being bestowed upon my grandmother. Then,
as I surveyed the jam-packed pews and aisles of St. Mary's Church, I
began to realize that this gathering was one of the most racially, ethnically,
economically, and culturally diverse crowds I had ever seen.
The more I think about this experience in relation to Yuri's personal and
political life, I realize that her greatest power lies in her extraordinary ability
to bring people together in this way. By encouraging people to coalesce and
unite around experiences of oppression, exploitation, and discrimination,
XV] Yuiu KooiiYAMA-Passing li On
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