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 [1]

www.allitebooks.com
Using Yocto Project with
BeagleBone Black

Unleash the power of the BeagleBone Black

embedded platform with Yocto Project

H M Irfan Sadiq

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

www.allitebooks.com
Using Yocto Project with BeagleBone Black

Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is
sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: June 2015

Production reference: 1250615

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78528-973-6

www.packtpub.com

www.allitebooks.com
 Credits

Author Copy Editors

H M Irfan Sadiq Karuna Narayanan
Stuti Srivastava
Reviewers
Daniel Garbanzo Hidalgo Project Coordinator
Noor Ahsan Khawaja Shipra Chawhan
Elango Palanisamy
Ankur Rameshchandra Tank Proofreader
Safis Editing
Mikhail Zakharov

Indexer
Commissioning Editor
Hemangini Bari
Amarabha Banerjee

Production Coordinator
Acquisition Editor
Nitesh Thakur
Sonali Vernekar

Cover Work
Content Development Editor
Nitesh Thakur
Mamata Walkar

Technical Editor
Edwin Moses

www.allitebooks.com
www.allitebooks.com
 Foreword
From my embedded Linux testing experience, I have found working with embedded
Linux to be very challenging. Multiple architectures, cross-compilation, and devices
with different functionalities requiring different user space and kernel configurations
are just a few examples. Yocto Project facilitates an embedded developer to overcome
these challenges and many more. Instead of using Make and configure directly,
BitBake lets you combine all the required steps, from fetching the code to installing
in a recipe file, creating a layer of abstraction for the user.

Embedded Linux is everywhere these days, for example, set-top boxes, IPTVs, and
in-flight infotainment systems. With the power of open source behind it, it can be
GENIVI and Carrier Grade Linux, which are helping the vendors define standards to
use Linux for different purposes.

Irfan has worked in OpenEmbedded and later on Yocto Project. With his keen
interest in scripting and test automation, he has played an important role in the test
automation project during his professional career. Working under my management,
he has developed multiple solutions to solve testing-related problems for Yocto
Project-based projects.

Yocto Project has some complex concepts and can be overwhelming for a new user.
Most of the material available on Yocto Project caters to the advanced level concepts.
This book, however, starts from the very basic concepts and slowly familiarizes the
user with the advanced features provided.

It gives a comprehensive introduction to Yocto Project. By taking the example of

BeagleBone, the low cost and already supported by Yocto Project evaluation board,
Irfan takes you step by step, from setting up Yocto Project and building default images
to moving on to advanced topics that cover how to create custom images. The book
explains how you can utilize the existing applications and add your own applications
to the filesystem. The final chapter(s) explains how to use the full power of Linux and
Yocto Project and turn your inexpensive BeagleBone into any device of your choice,
such as a home surveillance system, a gaming console, or a Wi-Fi hotspot.

www.allitebooks.com
If you are interested in developing an embedded solution using Linux, this book
will provide you with a wealth of information. If you are already working on Yocto
Project, this book will prove to be very helpful in understanding different concepts
and utilizing the full power of Yocto Project.

Happy reading!

Khula Azmi
Engineering Manager QA at Mentor Graphics

www.allitebooks.com
 About the Author

H M Irfan Sadiq was a Linux enthusiast as a graduate student. He started his

career as an embedded system development engineer and has been working as
an H.264 Decoder developer and optimizer for the VLIW architecture. He got an
opportunity to work on multiple multimedia frameworks that are open source as
well as proprietary. He tried to work in a start-up in the entirely different domain
of web development. He has been working on OpenEmbedded and Yocto Project
technologies since he joined Mentor Graphics as the technical lead back in 2010. He
has been working on derivative technologies of Yocto Project and OpenEmbedded
for quite some time now, spanning more than 4 years. He has also been working
on various hardware platforms based on the ARM, PPC, and x86 architecture.
The diverse nature of subsequent BSPs has challenges in the context of QA. One of
the challenges was to keep the QA packages in one place in such a way that they
could be applied to all different product/platform combinations. He addressed
this by creating a Yocto Project-based layer for which he is a maintainer as well
as a gatekeeper.

www.allitebooks.com
 Acknowledgments
Nothing in this world can be materialized without collective effort. I cannot thank
each and everyone behind this success enough.

When this proposal was projected to me, I was unsure whether I could do it.
Initially, my dear friend and ex-colleague Shahid Riaz encouraged me to take up this
task. I was still not firm about my decision of writing this book, when my mentor,
Hazrat-e-Aqdas Shah Abdul Khaliq Azad Raipuri, motivated me to proceed with
it. His words have been a source of inspiration for me at every step. I became more
confident and completed this book with his prayers and by the grace of Allah.

I would like to thank Shahid Riaz along with his ex-colleague Guila Fourie for
reviewing my proposed outline.

I would like to thank my colleagues at Mentor Graphics, Pakistan—Usama Masood,

Abbas Raza, Ehson Hussain, and Adeel Arshad—for providing help and support.

I would also like to thank people from Packt with whom I worked. Sonali Vernekar
(acquisition editor) was my first point of contact; she is the one who chose me for
this work. I had pleasure of working with Mamata Walkar (content development
editor), Sageer Parkar and Shipra Chauhan (project coordinators), and Edwin
Moses (technical editor). Mamata Walkar was the person I remained in touch
with all the time. Thanks for being so cooperative and helpful.

I would like to thank my family members: my extremely caring wife, my son, and
my daughter, of course, although I had to wait for her to sleep to do the chores.

www.allitebooks.com
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 About the Reviewers

Daniel Garbanzo Hidalgo is an electronics engineering student from TEC

(Tecnológico de Costa Rica). He is 21 years old, speaks Spanish and English, and
lives in Cartago, Costa Rica. Electronics, robotics, and technology are his passion,
which is the reason he's studying electronics engineering. He is a cofounder/
developer of EMSYS Innovations, an electronics systems solutions company. His
background and experience cover embedded systems development, digital systems
design, verilog hardware description language, several programming languages (C,
C++, C#, Python, and assembler), and knowledge of Yocto Project / Linux.

The most important projects that he worked on were basic 2D-3D GPUs developed
by the hardware description language on an FPGA, and he also worked on building
a classic SNES console with a BeagleBone Black running a customized operating
system developed with Yocto Project / Linux. Additionally, he worked on many
Arduino and BeagleBone minor projects.

I wish to thank my parents for giving me the opportunity to study

for the career of my dreams in the best engineering university of my
country and for always being there for me and giving me support.

www.allitebooks.com
Noor Ahsan Khawaja works with Mentor Graphics as an engineering manager.
He's been working in the software industry for 12 years. He started as a compiler
engineer in Mentor Graphics, where he worked on code generation, assemblers,
and linkers. In 2009, he started working with OpenEmbedded for Mentor Embedded
Linux distributions. Later, OpenEmbedded turned into Yocto Project, and he
has been contributing to Yocto Project and the OpenEmbedded community since
then. He is maintaining Mentor Graphics' open source layer called meta-mentor.
In this layer, he maintains the changes that Mentor would like to have in its
Linux distribution. He is working on Yocto Project-based Linux distributions
for ARM-, Power-, and x86-based boards.

I would like to thank Irfan Sadiq, the writer of this book, for
introducing me as a reviewer. He provided me with an opportunity
to review his content to complete this book and take the book to
another level of maturity.

Elango Palanisamy, has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication

engineering from Anna University, Chennai. He is currently pursuing master's in
embedded system technologies from the same university.

He has experience in firmware, board bring-ups, power management in consumer

electronic devices, driver development, and optimizations for thermal printers and
car-multimedia-related sensors. He also has experience in using build tools, such as
Yocto Project and buildroot for Ti, Freesacle, and Atmel boards.

He is currently working as a platform support engineer in Fossilshale Embedded

Technologies Pvt Ltd.

I would like to thank my parents, especially my father, who stood by

me through all my hurdles before I was able to attain this position. I
would like to thank Mr. Siddiq Ahmed and Mr.Vignesh Rajendran,
who have given me this wonderful opportunity of getting into this
field. I would also like to thank my friend Ms. Sathya Priya Kumar,
who has helped me in reviewing this book.
Ankur Rameshchandra Tank is based in Bangalore, India, and is currently
employed with L&T Technology Services. His interests are in the areas of C/C++;
Embedded Linux kernel and user space programming; Yocto Project, Bash, and
Python scripting; and design patterns.

He has a bachelor's degree in instrumentation and control engineering. His interest

in low level drivers and system internals began in college while he was working
on a project called Non-contact type metal sheet thickness measurement using 8051. He
is currently pursuing his master's in embedded system design, wherein he became
interested in the Linux device driver and BeagleBone© board development. His
master's degree project revolves around his area of interest in the Linux device
driver and BeagleBone© board development.

I had a good time while reviewing this wonderful book, and I would
like to take this opportunity to thank my family and friends for all
the support they have extended to me.

Mikhail Zakharov works as a radio firmware developer at Cognitive Systems

Corporation. In the past, he has worked as an embedded firmware developer at
Blackberry, Qualcomm, and ON Semiconductor. He holds a bachelor of applied
sciences degree in computer engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada.
His focus is on cellular technologies, hard real-time embedded systems, and FPGA/
ASIC development.
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I dedicate this book to Hazrat-e-Aqdas Shah Saeed Ahmad Raipuri (RA). He is the sole reason
for anything positive in me and the rest belongs to me.
 Table of Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1: Welcome to Yocto Project and BeagleBone Black 1
Setting up a host environment 1
Essentials 2
Graphics 2
Documentation 2
ADT ieinstaller extras 3
Obtaining Yocto Project 3
Let's build for BeagleBone 3
Local.conf 4
bblayers.conf 6
site.conf 6
auto.conf 6
Trigger build 7
Creating partitions and formatting the SD card 8
Copying images to the card 10
Hardware setup 11
Serial setup 12
Booting BeagleBone 14
More about configuration files 15
machine.conf 15
bitbake.conf 17
Standard target filesystem paths 17
Architecture-dependent build variables 17
Package default variables 17
General work and output directories for the build system 18
Specific image creation and rootfs population information 18
Build flags and options 18

[i]
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